Kan'ei (寛永) was a
Japanese era name (年号, nengō, "year name") after Genna and before Shōhō. This period spanned the years from February 1624 through December 1644.[1] The reigning emperors and single empress were
Go-Mizunoo-tennō (後水尾天皇),
Meishō-tennō (明正天皇) and
Go-Kōmyō-tennō (後光明天皇).[2]
Change of era
1624Kan'ei gannen (寛永元年): The era name was changed to mark the start of a new cycle of the
Chinese zodiac. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in Genna 9, on the 30th day of the 2nd month. This era name is derived from 寛広、永長 (meaning "Broad Leniency, Eternal Leader").
Events
1624 (Kan'ei 1): Construction of the Hōei-zan temple began.[2]
1629 (Kan'ei 6): The "
Purple Robe Incident" (紫衣事件,, shi-e jiken)—the Emperor was accused of having bestowed honorific purple garments to more than ten priests despite the shōgun's edict which banned them for two years (probably in order to break the bond between the Emperor and religious circles). The shogunate intervened making the bestowing of the garments invalid.
December 22, 1629 ( Kan'ei 6, 8th day of the 11th month): The emperor renounced the throne in favor of his daughter,
Kyōshi[2]
March 14, 1632 (Kan'ei 9, 24th day of the 1st month): Former Shōgun Hidetada died.[2]
February 28, 1633 (Kan'ei 10, 20th day of the 1st month): There was an earthquake in Odawara in the Sagami.[2]
1634 (Kan'ei 11, 7th month): Shōgun
Tokugawa Iemitsu appeared at Court in Miyako; and he visited ex-emperor Go-Mizunoo.[6] Later, on the 22nd day of the 9th month was held at
Fukiage Palace the famous martial arts tournament of 12 bout, organized by Shōgun Tokugawa Iemitsu, and held in the presence of the visiting Emperor. It entered in History under the name of Kan'ei Jōran Jiai and was judged by the two Kenjutsu instructor of the Shōgun.
1635 (Kan'ei 12): An ambassador from the King of Korea was received in Heian-kyō.[2]
1636 (Kan'ei 13): The Kan'ei Tsūhō became the new standard
copper cash coin of Japan.
1637 (Kan'ei 14): There was a major
Christian rebellion in Arima and Shimabara; shogunal forces are sent to quell the disturbance.[2]
1638 (Kan'ei 15): The Christian revolt was crushed; and 37,000 of the rebels are killed. The Christian religion is extirpated in Japan.[2]
1640 (Kan'ei 17): A Spanish ship from Macao brought a delegation of 61 people to Nagasaki. They arrived on July 6, 1640; and on August 9, all of them were decapitated and their heads were stuck on poles.[2]
1640-1643 (Kan'ei 17-20):
Kan'ei Great Famine forces an agricultural reform giving a greater independence to the farmers and the reduction of military spendings.
1643 (Kan'ei 20): An ambassador from the
King of Korea arrived in Heian-kyō.[7]
November 10, 1643 (Kan'ei 20, 29th day of the 9th month): In the 15th year of Empress Meishō's reign (明正天皇15年), the empress abdicated; and the succession (senso) was received by her brother.[8]
December 15, 1643 (Kan'ei 20, 5th day of the 11th month):
Emperor Go-Kōmyō acceded to the throne (sokui).[8]
^Shizuoka Izumika comp., Anasen Nyuumon Kan'ei Tsuuhou: Shin Kan'ei no bu (Shoshinkan:
Tokyo, 1997). (in
Japanese)
^Titsingh,
p. 411; Ponsonby-Fane, p. 317; compare with April 22, 1863 (Bunkyū 3, 5th day of the 3rd month): Shogun
Tokugawa Iemochi came to the capital and had an audience. This was the first time since the visit of Iemitsu in Kan'ei 11, 230 years before, that a shogun had visited Heian-kyō. In Bunkyō 3, Iemochi was summoned by the
Emperor Kōmei; and when he traveled from Edo to the capital, the shogun had 3,000 retainers as escort. (Ponsonby-Fane, p. 325.)
^
abTitsingh,
p. 412; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 44; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to
Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except
Jitō,
Yōzei,
Go-Toba, and
Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of
Go-Murakami.
Kan'ei (寛永) was a
Japanese era name (年号, nengō, "year name") after Genna and before Shōhō. This period spanned the years from February 1624 through December 1644.[1] The reigning emperors and single empress were
Go-Mizunoo-tennō (後水尾天皇),
Meishō-tennō (明正天皇) and
Go-Kōmyō-tennō (後光明天皇).[2]
Change of era
1624Kan'ei gannen (寛永元年): The era name was changed to mark the start of a new cycle of the
Chinese zodiac. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in Genna 9, on the 30th day of the 2nd month. This era name is derived from 寛広、永長 (meaning "Broad Leniency, Eternal Leader").
Events
1624 (Kan'ei 1): Construction of the Hōei-zan temple began.[2]
1629 (Kan'ei 6): The "
Purple Robe Incident" (紫衣事件,, shi-e jiken)—the Emperor was accused of having bestowed honorific purple garments to more than ten priests despite the shōgun's edict which banned them for two years (probably in order to break the bond between the Emperor and religious circles). The shogunate intervened making the bestowing of the garments invalid.
December 22, 1629 ( Kan'ei 6, 8th day of the 11th month): The emperor renounced the throne in favor of his daughter,
Kyōshi[2]
March 14, 1632 (Kan'ei 9, 24th day of the 1st month): Former Shōgun Hidetada died.[2]
February 28, 1633 (Kan'ei 10, 20th day of the 1st month): There was an earthquake in Odawara in the Sagami.[2]
1634 (Kan'ei 11, 7th month): Shōgun
Tokugawa Iemitsu appeared at Court in Miyako; and he visited ex-emperor Go-Mizunoo.[6] Later, on the 22nd day of the 9th month was held at
Fukiage Palace the famous martial arts tournament of 12 bout, organized by Shōgun Tokugawa Iemitsu, and held in the presence of the visiting Emperor. It entered in History under the name of Kan'ei Jōran Jiai and was judged by the two Kenjutsu instructor of the Shōgun.
1635 (Kan'ei 12): An ambassador from the King of Korea was received in Heian-kyō.[2]
1636 (Kan'ei 13): The Kan'ei Tsūhō became the new standard
copper cash coin of Japan.
1637 (Kan'ei 14): There was a major
Christian rebellion in Arima and Shimabara; shogunal forces are sent to quell the disturbance.[2]
1638 (Kan'ei 15): The Christian revolt was crushed; and 37,000 of the rebels are killed. The Christian religion is extirpated in Japan.[2]
1640 (Kan'ei 17): A Spanish ship from Macao brought a delegation of 61 people to Nagasaki. They arrived on July 6, 1640; and on August 9, all of them were decapitated and their heads were stuck on poles.[2]
1640-1643 (Kan'ei 17-20):
Kan'ei Great Famine forces an agricultural reform giving a greater independence to the farmers and the reduction of military spendings.
1643 (Kan'ei 20): An ambassador from the
King of Korea arrived in Heian-kyō.[7]
November 10, 1643 (Kan'ei 20, 29th day of the 9th month): In the 15th year of Empress Meishō's reign (明正天皇15年), the empress abdicated; and the succession (senso) was received by her brother.[8]
December 15, 1643 (Kan'ei 20, 5th day of the 11th month):
Emperor Go-Kōmyō acceded to the throne (sokui).[8]
^Shizuoka Izumika comp., Anasen Nyuumon Kan'ei Tsuuhou: Shin Kan'ei no bu (Shoshinkan:
Tokyo, 1997). (in
Japanese)
^Titsingh,
p. 411; Ponsonby-Fane, p. 317; compare with April 22, 1863 (Bunkyū 3, 5th day of the 3rd month): Shogun
Tokugawa Iemochi came to the capital and had an audience. This was the first time since the visit of Iemitsu in Kan'ei 11, 230 years before, that a shogun had visited Heian-kyō. In Bunkyō 3, Iemochi was summoned by the
Emperor Kōmei; and when he traveled from Edo to the capital, the shogun had 3,000 retainers as escort. (Ponsonby-Fane, p. 325.)
^
abTitsingh,
p. 412; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 44; a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to
Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except
Jitō,
Yōzei,
Go-Toba, and
Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of
Go-Murakami.