Kaarlo Edvard Kivekäs (6 December 1866, in Valkeala – 19 February 1940, in Hämeenlinna; original name Karl Edvard Backman until 1880 ^[1]) was a Finnish general. Educated at Hamina Cadet School ^{[2] [3] [4]} (1886–1890 ^[2]), he served in the Russian army from 1890 on, in the Pamir area, ^[5] under the command of, M.E. Ionova, the leader of a Russian Expedition in 1893, ^{[5] [4]} he was fluent in Shughni, ^{[5] [6]} Tajik, ^{[5] [6]} Uzbek, ^{[5] [6]} and Kyrgyz, ^[6] and reportedly understanding of the traditions and cultures of the people of the Pamir area, ^[5] who purportedly held him in high regard, ^{[5] [6]} ending his service there as a Lieutenant Colonel on October 13, 1908, ^{[6] [5] [4]} and later Kivekäs served in World War I, becoming a Major General on September 23, 1916. ^[7] After the Finnish Civil War, he returned to Finland, being accepted as a Major General sometime around 1918. ^{[7] [6] [4]} He also was the Chief of Defence of the Finnish Defence Forces in 1919. ^[7] Kivekäs is the recipient of the Latvian military Order of Lāčplēsis, 2nd class. ^[8]

References

Further reading

• Loikkanen, Jarmo & Harjula, Mirko (2017). Kaarlo Kivekäs: Kolmen armeijan kenraali (in Finnish). Jyväskylä: Docendo. ISBN  978-952-291-410-1.{{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link)

External links

• The Finnish Defence Forces: Chiefs of Defence (in Finnish)

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