KISKA ( Hungarian: Kisegitő Karhatalmi Alakulat) [1] was a force attached to the Royal Hungarian Army during the brief period of Arrow Cross Party rule late in World War II. [2] KISKA was activated by the Arrow Cross after the German takeover on 15 October 1944 and had replaced the Home Guard (Nemzetőrség) by early November. [3] There was generally one KISKA battalion in each city and university. [2] The force numbered some 7,000 noncombatants, mostly recruited from Budapest. [2] [4] It was jointly controlled by the Ministry of War and the Ministry of the Interior. [3] The purpose of KISKA was to secure the hinterland. [5] It was rapidly infiltrated by dissenters, deserters, leftists and Jews, [4] [5] becoming in effect "the legal cover of the organisations of resistance". [6] It was regarded as a nuisance by the Germans. [4] It was finally dissolved by the Arrow Cross government on 6 January 1945. [2]
Notes
- ^ Juhász 1988, p. 187: "Auxiliary Police Force Units"; Benshalom 2001, p. 204: "Security Aid Division"; Bartha 2022, p. 80: "Auxiliary Security Forces".
- ^ a b c d Ungváry 2005, pp. 71–72.
- ^ a b Bartha 2022, p. 80.
- ^ a b c Benshalom 2001, p. 204.
- ^ a b Bartha 2022, p. 81.
- ^ Juhász 1988, p. 187.
Bibliography
- Bartha, Ákos (2022). "Terrorists and Freedom Fighters: Arrow Cross Party Militias, 'Ragged Guard' and 'KISKA' Auxiliary Forces in Hungary (1938–1945)". Studia historica Brunensia. 69 (2): 67–89. doi: 10.5817/SHB2022-2-3.
- Benshalom, Rafi (2001). We Struggled for Life: The Hungarian Zionist Youth Resistance During the Nazi Era. Gefen Publishing House.
- Juhász, Gyula (1988). "Problems of the Hungarian Resistance after the German Occupation, 1944". In William Deakin; Elisabeth Barker; Jonathan Chadwick (eds.). British Political and Military Strategy in Central, Eastern and Southern Europe in 1944. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 180–189.
- Ungváry, Krisztián (2005) [2002]. The Siege of Budapest: One Hundred Days in World War II. Translated by Ladislaus Löb. I. B. Tauris.
KISKA ( Hungarian: Kisegitő Karhatalmi Alakulat) [1] was a force attached to the Royal Hungarian Army during the brief period of Arrow Cross Party rule late in World War II. [2] KISKA was activated by the Arrow Cross after the German takeover on 15 October 1944 and had replaced the Home Guard (Nemzetőrség) by early November. [3] There was generally one KISKA battalion in each city and university. [2] The force numbered some 7,000 noncombatants, mostly recruited from Budapest. [2] [4] It was jointly controlled by the Ministry of War and the Ministry of the Interior. [3] The purpose of KISKA was to secure the hinterland. [5] It was rapidly infiltrated by dissenters, deserters, leftists and Jews, [4] [5] becoming in effect "the legal cover of the organisations of resistance". [6] It was regarded as a nuisance by the Germans. [4] It was finally dissolved by the Arrow Cross government on 6 January 1945. [2]
Notes
- ^ Juhász 1988, p. 187: "Auxiliary Police Force Units"; Benshalom 2001, p. 204: "Security Aid Division"; Bartha 2022, p. 80: "Auxiliary Security Forces".
- ^ a b c d Ungváry 2005, pp. 71–72.
- ^ a b Bartha 2022, p. 80.
- ^ a b c Benshalom 2001, p. 204.
- ^ a b Bartha 2022, p. 81.
- ^ Juhász 1988, p. 187.
Bibliography
- Bartha, Ákos (2022). "Terrorists and Freedom Fighters: Arrow Cross Party Militias, 'Ragged Guard' and 'KISKA' Auxiliary Forces in Hungary (1938–1945)". Studia historica Brunensia. 69 (2): 67–89. doi: 10.5817/SHB2022-2-3.
- Benshalom, Rafi (2001). We Struggled for Life: The Hungarian Zionist Youth Resistance During the Nazi Era. Gefen Publishing House.
- Juhász, Gyula (1988). "Problems of the Hungarian Resistance after the German Occupation, 1944". In William Deakin; Elisabeth Barker; Jonathan Chadwick (eds.). British Political and Military Strategy in Central, Eastern and Southern Europe in 1944. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 180–189.
- Ungváry, Krisztián (2005) [2002]. The Siege of Budapest: One Hundred Days in World War II. Translated by Ladislaus Löb. I. B. Tauris.