![]() 1882 cover | |
Discipline | Chemistry |
---|---|
Language | German, English |
Publication details | |
History | 1832–1997 |
Publisher | |
Standard abbreviations | |
ISO 4 | Liebigs Ann. |
Indexing | |
CODEN | LACHDL |
ISSN |
0170-2041 |
Links | |
Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie (often cited as Liebigs Annalen) was one of the oldest and historically most important journals in the field of organic chemistry worldwide. It was established in 1832 and edited by Justus von Liebig with Friedrich Wöhler and others [1] until Liebig's death in 1873. The journal was originally titled Annalen der Pharmacie; [2] its name was changed to Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie in 1874. [3] In its first decades of publishing, the journal was both a periodical containing news of the chemical and pharmaceutical fields and a publisher of primary research. During this time, it was noted to contain rebuttals and criticism of the works it published, inserted by Justus von Liebig during his tenure as an editor. [4] After 1874, changes were made to editorial policies, and the journal published only completed research; later on, in the 20th century, its focus was narrowed to only print articles on organic chemistry. [2]
The journal has undergone many mergers and changes in name throughout its history. In 1997, the journal merged with Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas to form Liebigs Annalen/Recueil, and in 1998, it was absorbed by European Journal of Organic Chemistry by merger of a number of other national European chemistry journals. [5] By this time, over 750 volumes of the journal had been printed. [6]
Many chemical syntheses were published in Liebigs Annalen. Among these were Robert Bunsen's preparation of metals such as lithium via electrolysis, [7] the synthesis of hematoporphyrin, for which Hans Fischer won the 1930 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, [8] and many of Georg Wittig's publications, including the preparation of phenyllithium. [9] [10]
Liebigs Annalen published news on advances in chemistry and pharmacy in addition to primary research, mainly during Justus von Liebig's time as editor. From 1839 to 1855, the journal published a summary report of the advances made in chemistry for the year. [2] One example of a news item published in the Annalen was the discovery of ether as it is used in surgical anesthesia by Henry Jacob Bigelow, [11] which Liebig had been informed of through a letter from Edward Everett. [12] Lothar Meyer and Dmitri Mendeleev both published their versions of the periodic table in Liebigs Annalen in 1870 and 1871, respectively, though both had published elsewhere in the years prior to their separate printings of the "full periodic system" in the Annalen. [13] By 1957, the content of Liebigs Annalen was entirely organic chemistry. [2]
Publications in Liebigs Annalen were focused mainly on experimental and organic chemistry; [14] as an editor, Justus von Liebig would often promote his own work in the journal. Liebig would also publish his criticism on articles published in the journal, including attacks on theoretical frameworks of organic chemistry that were in conflict with his support of radical theory. [4] These criticisms were later described by chemist and historian J. R. Partington in his series A History of Chemistry as "competent", but "sometimes beyond all reason". [15] Following Liebig's death, Jacob Volhard, head of the group publishing the Annalen in 1878, altered the policies of the journal to only accept and print finished research papers not already printed in other papers and "to exclude articles of a polemical nature". [2]
The history of Liebigs Annalen started with the monthly Magazin für Pharmacie und die dahin einschlagenden Wissenschaften, a work edited by professor of pharmacy Philipp Lorenz Geiger, that Justus von Liebig joined in 1831 as co-editor. [16] The name was changed by the end of 1831 to Magazin für Pharmacie und Experimentalkritik, in the following year merged with the Archiv der Pharmazie, then known as the Archiv des Apothekervereins im nördlichen Teutschland, [2] edited by Rudolph Brandes. [17] In 1834, the Neues Journal der Pharmazie fur Arzte, Apotheker und Chemiker was merged with the Annalen, resulting in a brief period wherein there were 4 editors: Liebig, Brandes, Geiger, and Johann Trommsdorff. [2] The first volume of the journal after the merger included papers from several well-known names in chemistry, including Jöns Jacob Berzelius and Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, not to mention Liebig himself. [18] Brandes withdrew from the journal in 1835 due to disagreements with Liebig, going on to publish the Archiv der Pharmazie independently; [17] Annalen der Pharmacie was renamed to Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie around this period in 1840 in an effort to be more inclusive of the related fields of research in chemistry and thus broaden the potential audience. [2] [19]
In 1837, Liebig left Germany for Britain to meet with the British Association for the Advancement of Science and to market his work, [20] and around that time met with Thomas Graham and Jean-Baptiste Dumas, the latter of which he had feuded with several years earlier. [21] Upon returning to Germany, due to the percieved poor quality of the Annalen while he was away, Liebig fired his co-editors Emanuel Merck and Friedrich Mohr, making himself the sole editor of the Annalen. At this point, the journal was starting publication outside of Germany, namely in France and England. Liebig acknowledged "the cooperation" of Graham and Dumas from 1838 to 1842, but would break away from them in 1842, and remained the only editor until 1851, at which point he invited Hermann Kopp to take over management of the journal; Kopp's name would appear on the title page of the journal as editor from 1851 until his death in 1892, though several other editors, including Jacob Volhard, joined the editorial board during his tenure. [2]
After Liebig's death in 1873, the journal's name changed to Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie und Pharmazie. This name was shortened to Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie in 1874, [2] which was kept until it was merged with the Dutch journal Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas in 1997. Shortly before the merger, in 1995, Liebigs Annalen started publishing articles in English. The resulting publication, titled Liebigs Annalen/Recueil, became part of the European Journal of Organic Chemistry in January 1998. [22] At the time of the merger, over 750 volumes of Liebigs Annalen in its various forms had been published. [6]
Prior to the mergers in the late 20th century, Liebigs Annalen faced difficulties due to paper shortages and reduced research publication during World War I, the deaths of several editors in the 1910s, and further publishing difficulties during World War II. For several years prior to World War II, several Nobel Prize recipients served on the editorial board, including Richard Willstätter, Adolf Windaus, Heinrich Otto Wieland and Hans Fischer. [2]
![]() 1882 cover | |
Discipline | Chemistry |
---|---|
Language | German, English |
Publication details | |
History | 1832–1997 |
Publisher | |
Standard abbreviations | |
ISO 4 | Liebigs Ann. |
Indexing | |
CODEN | LACHDL |
ISSN |
0170-2041 |
Links | |
Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie (often cited as Liebigs Annalen) was one of the oldest and historically most important journals in the field of organic chemistry worldwide. It was established in 1832 and edited by Justus von Liebig with Friedrich Wöhler and others [1] until Liebig's death in 1873. The journal was originally titled Annalen der Pharmacie; [2] its name was changed to Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie in 1874. [3] In its first decades of publishing, the journal was both a periodical containing news of the chemical and pharmaceutical fields and a publisher of primary research. During this time, it was noted to contain rebuttals and criticism of the works it published, inserted by Justus von Liebig during his tenure as an editor. [4] After 1874, changes were made to editorial policies, and the journal published only completed research; later on, in the 20th century, its focus was narrowed to only print articles on organic chemistry. [2]
The journal has undergone many mergers and changes in name throughout its history. In 1997, the journal merged with Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas to form Liebigs Annalen/Recueil, and in 1998, it was absorbed by European Journal of Organic Chemistry by merger of a number of other national European chemistry journals. [5] By this time, over 750 volumes of the journal had been printed. [6]
Many chemical syntheses were published in Liebigs Annalen. Among these were Robert Bunsen's preparation of metals such as lithium via electrolysis, [7] the synthesis of hematoporphyrin, for which Hans Fischer won the 1930 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, [8] and many of Georg Wittig's publications, including the preparation of phenyllithium. [9] [10]
Liebigs Annalen published news on advances in chemistry and pharmacy in addition to primary research, mainly during Justus von Liebig's time as editor. From 1839 to 1855, the journal published a summary report of the advances made in chemistry for the year. [2] One example of a news item published in the Annalen was the discovery of ether as it is used in surgical anesthesia by Henry Jacob Bigelow, [11] which Liebig had been informed of through a letter from Edward Everett. [12] Lothar Meyer and Dmitri Mendeleev both published their versions of the periodic table in Liebigs Annalen in 1870 and 1871, respectively, though both had published elsewhere in the years prior to their separate printings of the "full periodic system" in the Annalen. [13] By 1957, the content of Liebigs Annalen was entirely organic chemistry. [2]
Publications in Liebigs Annalen were focused mainly on experimental and organic chemistry; [14] as an editor, Justus von Liebig would often promote his own work in the journal. Liebig would also publish his criticism on articles published in the journal, including attacks on theoretical frameworks of organic chemistry that were in conflict with his support of radical theory. [4] These criticisms were later described by chemist and historian J. R. Partington in his series A History of Chemistry as "competent", but "sometimes beyond all reason". [15] Following Liebig's death, Jacob Volhard, head of the group publishing the Annalen in 1878, altered the policies of the journal to only accept and print finished research papers not already printed in other papers and "to exclude articles of a polemical nature". [2]
The history of Liebigs Annalen started with the monthly Magazin für Pharmacie und die dahin einschlagenden Wissenschaften, a work edited by professor of pharmacy Philipp Lorenz Geiger, that Justus von Liebig joined in 1831 as co-editor. [16] The name was changed by the end of 1831 to Magazin für Pharmacie und Experimentalkritik, in the following year merged with the Archiv der Pharmazie, then known as the Archiv des Apothekervereins im nördlichen Teutschland, [2] edited by Rudolph Brandes. [17] In 1834, the Neues Journal der Pharmazie fur Arzte, Apotheker und Chemiker was merged with the Annalen, resulting in a brief period wherein there were 4 editors: Liebig, Brandes, Geiger, and Johann Trommsdorff. [2] The first volume of the journal after the merger included papers from several well-known names in chemistry, including Jöns Jacob Berzelius and Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, not to mention Liebig himself. [18] Brandes withdrew from the journal in 1835 due to disagreements with Liebig, going on to publish the Archiv der Pharmazie independently; [17] Annalen der Pharmacie was renamed to Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie around this period in 1840 in an effort to be more inclusive of the related fields of research in chemistry and thus broaden the potential audience. [2] [19]
In 1837, Liebig left Germany for Britain to meet with the British Association for the Advancement of Science and to market his work, [20] and around that time met with Thomas Graham and Jean-Baptiste Dumas, the latter of which he had feuded with several years earlier. [21] Upon returning to Germany, due to the percieved poor quality of the Annalen while he was away, Liebig fired his co-editors Emanuel Merck and Friedrich Mohr, making himself the sole editor of the Annalen. At this point, the journal was starting publication outside of Germany, namely in France and England. Liebig acknowledged "the cooperation" of Graham and Dumas from 1838 to 1842, but would break away from them in 1842, and remained the only editor until 1851, at which point he invited Hermann Kopp to take over management of the journal; Kopp's name would appear on the title page of the journal as editor from 1851 until his death in 1892, though several other editors, including Jacob Volhard, joined the editorial board during his tenure. [2]
After Liebig's death in 1873, the journal's name changed to Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie und Pharmazie. This name was shortened to Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie in 1874, [2] which was kept until it was merged with the Dutch journal Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas in 1997. Shortly before the merger, in 1995, Liebigs Annalen started publishing articles in English. The resulting publication, titled Liebigs Annalen/Recueil, became part of the European Journal of Organic Chemistry in January 1998. [22] At the time of the merger, over 750 volumes of Liebigs Annalen in its various forms had been published. [6]
Prior to the mergers in the late 20th century, Liebigs Annalen faced difficulties due to paper shortages and reduced research publication during World War I, the deaths of several editors in the 1910s, and further publishing difficulties during World War II. For several years prior to World War II, several Nobel Prize recipients served on the editorial board, including Richard Willstätter, Adolf Windaus, Heinrich Otto Wieland and Hans Fischer. [2]