From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Joni Wallis
Alma mater University of Manchester (BSc)
University of Cambridge (PhD)
Scientific career
Fields Cognitive neuroscience
Neurophysiology
Decision making
Reinforcement learning [1]
Institutions University of California, Berkeley
Thesis Functions of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) (2000)
Doctoral advisor Angela C. Roberts [ Wikidata]
Other academic advisors Earl K. Miller
Website wallislab.org

Joni Wallis is a cognitive neurophysiologist and Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. [1]

Education and early career

Wallis received her Bachelors of Science in Psychology and Neuroscience from the University of Manchester in 1995. She received her PhD in Experimental Psychology and Anatomy from the University of Cambridge, where she worked in the laboratory of Angela C. Roberts [ Wikidata]. [2] [3]

Career and research

Wallis moved to the United States for her postdoctoral research fellowship in the laboratory of Earl K. Miller studying neuronal activity in the prefrontal cortex, [4] or the region of the brain that plays a key role in executive functions, which allow animals to coordinate appropriate responses to plan, reason, problem solve, and effectively reach goals. [5] [6] There, she explored the neural basis of how the prefrontal cortex encodes abstract rules to inform decisions under different circumstances. [7] [8]

Wallis's research centers on understanding how the frontal cortex of the brain is functionally organized to help people set and attain goals at the level of single neurons. Decision making requires weighing the costs and benefits of different courses of action. Wallis's group has investigated how cost-benefit analysis is undertaken in the brain to make effective decisions by monitoring single neuronal activity. [9] They trained monkeys to make decisions that required integrating reward that required a certain amount of effort cost or a certain amount of delay cost. They found that single prefrontal cortex neurons played a role in encoding the type of cost decision the monkeys faced. The finding built on Wallis's previous work that found individual neurons in this region encoded several decision attributes, such as the probability of reward, the magnitude of the reward, and how much effort that reward would require. [10] [11] Her research group also found that neurons involved in associating stimuli with certain rewarding outcomes are found in the orbitofrontal cortex, while neurons involved in associating actions with certain rewarding outcomes are found in the anterior cingulate cortex. [12]

Wallis's group has also studied the dynamics of decision making in both humans and monkeys over the period of time over which they are making a particular decision. [13] Using primate neurophysiology and human magnetoencephalography, they measured how brain activity changed as primates and humans were making different decisions. Their findings were consistent with a mathematical model of decision making, drawing connections between economic models of choice and the underlying neuroscience. In a different study, Wallis's group was able to deduce neuronal signatures as the brains of monkeys evaluate different choices, tracking the dynamics of neurons firing over time and space in the orbitofrontal cortex of the brain. [14] When considering two options, the group of neurons associated with each of the two options would alternate firing, flipping back and forth between the two options before finally deciding.

Her research is currently supported by two Research Project Grants (R01) awarded by the National Institute of Mental Health—one for the Functional Architecture of the Oribitofrontal Cortex awarded in 2014 and the other for the Frontostriatal Rhythms Underlying Reinforcement Learning awarded in 2018. [15] [16] The ultimate goal of her group's work is to better understand how to develop treatments for mental illness. She was first drawn to the field after her PhD supervisor introduced her to patients who sustained damage to their orbitofrontal cortex and had difficulty making decisions, despite having other cognitive processes intact. [17]

Awards and honors

  • The Marian C. Diamond & Arnold B. Scheibel Fund in Neuroscience, 2020 [18]

References

  1. ^ a b Joni Wallis publications indexed by Google Scholar Edit this at Wikidata
  2. ^ Wallis, Jonathan David (2000). Functions of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). jisc.ac.uk (PhD thesis). OCLC  894597346. EThOS  uk.bl.ethos.621700.
  3. ^ Roberts, Angela C.; Wallis, Jonathan D. (2000). "Inhibitory Control and Affective Processing in the Prefrontal Cortex: Neuropsychological Studies in the Common Marmoset". Cerebral Cortex. 10 (3): 252–262. doi: 10.1093/cercor/10.3.252. ISSN  1460-2199. PMID  10731220.
  4. ^ Wallis, Jonathan D.; Miller, Earl K. (2003). "Neuronal activity in primate dorsolateral and orbital prefrontal cortex during performance of a reward preference task". European Journal of Neuroscience. 18 (7): 2069–2081. doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02922.x. ISSN  0953-816X. PMID  14622240. S2CID  12280251.
  5. ^ Miller, Earl K.; Wallis, J. D. (2013), "The Prefrontal Cortex and Executive Brain Functions", Fundamental Neuroscience, Elsevier, pp. 1069–1089, doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385870-2.00050-0, ISBN  9780123858702
  6. ^ Miller, Earl K; Freedman, David J; Wallis, J. D. (2002). "The prefrontal cortex: categories, concepts and cognition". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 357 (1424): 1123–1136. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2002.1099. ISSN  0962-8436. PMC  1693009. PMID  12217179.
  7. ^ Wallis, J. D.; Anderson, Kathleen D.; Miller, Earl K. (June 21, 2001). "Single neurons in prefrontal cortex encode abstract rules" (PDF). Nature. 411 (6840): 953–956. doi: 10.1038/35082081. PMID  11418860. S2CID  4366539.
  8. ^ Wallis, J. D.; Miller, Earl K. (2003). "From rule to response: neuronal processes in the premotor and prefrontal cortex". Journal of Neurophysiology. 90 (3): 1790–1806. doi: 10.1152/jn.00086.2003. ISSN  0022-3077. PMID  12736235.
  9. ^ Hosokawa, Takayuki; Kennerley, Steven W.; Sloan, Jennifer; Wallis, Jonathan D. (2013). "Single-Neuron Mechanisms Underlying Cost-Benefit Analysis in Frontal Cortex". Journal of Neuroscience. 33 (44): 17385–17397. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2221-13.2013. ISSN  0270-6474. PMC  3812506. PMID  24174671.
  10. ^ Kennerley, Steven W.; Dahmubed, Aspandiar F.; Lara, Antonio H.; Wallis, Jonathan D. (2009). "Neurons in the frontal lobe encode the value of multiple decision variables". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 21 (6): 1162–1178. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21100. ISSN  0898-929X. PMC  2715848. PMID  18752411.
  11. ^ Wallis, Jonathan D.; Kennerley, Steven W. (April 2010). "Heterogeneous reward signals in prefrontal cortex". Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 20 (2): 191–198. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2010.02.009. ISSN  0959-4388. PMC  2862852. PMID  20303739.
  12. ^ Luk, Chung-Hay; Wallis, Jonathan D. (2013-01-30). "Choice Coding in Frontal Cortex during Stimulus-Guided or Action-Guided Decision-Making". Journal of Neuroscience. 33 (5): 1864–1871. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4920-12.2013. ISSN  0270-6474. PMC  3711610. PMID  23365226.
  13. ^ Hunt, Laurence T; Behrens, Timothy EJ; Hosokawa, Takayuki; Wallis, Jonathan D; Kennerley, Steven W (2015). "Capturing the temporal evolution of choice across prefrontal cortex". eLife. 4. doi: 10.7554/eLife.11945. ISSN  2050-084X. PMC  4718814. PMID  26653139.
  14. ^ Rich, Erin L.; Wallis, Jonathan D. (2016). "Decoding subjective decisions from orbitofrontal cortex". Nature Neuroscience. 19 (7): 973–980. doi: 10.1038/nn.4320. ISSN  1546-1726. PMC  4925198. PMID  27273768.
  15. ^ Wallis, Joni D. "Project Information - NIH RePORTER - NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results". projectreporter.nih.gov. Retrieved 2018-09-09.
  16. ^ Wallis, Joni D. "Project Information - NIH RePORTER - NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results". projectreporter.nih.gov. Retrieved 2018-09-09.
  17. ^ Cayetano Jr., Reynaldo (2016-11-12). "Neuroscientist Portrait Project: Dr. Joni Wallis". neuroscience.berkeley.edu. Berkeley Neuroscience. Retrieved 2018-08-18.
  18. ^ Terranova, Natalie (2020-11-06). "Wallis awarded funding from The Marian C. Diamond & Arnold B. Scheibel Fund in Neuroscience". Berkeley Neuroscience. Retrieved 2021-02-26.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Joni Wallis
Alma mater University of Manchester (BSc)
University of Cambridge (PhD)
Scientific career
Fields Cognitive neuroscience
Neurophysiology
Decision making
Reinforcement learning [1]
Institutions University of California, Berkeley
Thesis Functions of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) (2000)
Doctoral advisor Angela C. Roberts [ Wikidata]
Other academic advisors Earl K. Miller
Website wallislab.org

Joni Wallis is a cognitive neurophysiologist and Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. [1]

Education and early career

Wallis received her Bachelors of Science in Psychology and Neuroscience from the University of Manchester in 1995. She received her PhD in Experimental Psychology and Anatomy from the University of Cambridge, where she worked in the laboratory of Angela C. Roberts [ Wikidata]. [2] [3]

Career and research

Wallis moved to the United States for her postdoctoral research fellowship in the laboratory of Earl K. Miller studying neuronal activity in the prefrontal cortex, [4] or the region of the brain that plays a key role in executive functions, which allow animals to coordinate appropriate responses to plan, reason, problem solve, and effectively reach goals. [5] [6] There, she explored the neural basis of how the prefrontal cortex encodes abstract rules to inform decisions under different circumstances. [7] [8]

Wallis's research centers on understanding how the frontal cortex of the brain is functionally organized to help people set and attain goals at the level of single neurons. Decision making requires weighing the costs and benefits of different courses of action. Wallis's group has investigated how cost-benefit analysis is undertaken in the brain to make effective decisions by monitoring single neuronal activity. [9] They trained monkeys to make decisions that required integrating reward that required a certain amount of effort cost or a certain amount of delay cost. They found that single prefrontal cortex neurons played a role in encoding the type of cost decision the monkeys faced. The finding built on Wallis's previous work that found individual neurons in this region encoded several decision attributes, such as the probability of reward, the magnitude of the reward, and how much effort that reward would require. [10] [11] Her research group also found that neurons involved in associating stimuli with certain rewarding outcomes are found in the orbitofrontal cortex, while neurons involved in associating actions with certain rewarding outcomes are found in the anterior cingulate cortex. [12]

Wallis's group has also studied the dynamics of decision making in both humans and monkeys over the period of time over which they are making a particular decision. [13] Using primate neurophysiology and human magnetoencephalography, they measured how brain activity changed as primates and humans were making different decisions. Their findings were consistent with a mathematical model of decision making, drawing connections between economic models of choice and the underlying neuroscience. In a different study, Wallis's group was able to deduce neuronal signatures as the brains of monkeys evaluate different choices, tracking the dynamics of neurons firing over time and space in the orbitofrontal cortex of the brain. [14] When considering two options, the group of neurons associated with each of the two options would alternate firing, flipping back and forth between the two options before finally deciding.

Her research is currently supported by two Research Project Grants (R01) awarded by the National Institute of Mental Health—one for the Functional Architecture of the Oribitofrontal Cortex awarded in 2014 and the other for the Frontostriatal Rhythms Underlying Reinforcement Learning awarded in 2018. [15] [16] The ultimate goal of her group's work is to better understand how to develop treatments for mental illness. She was first drawn to the field after her PhD supervisor introduced her to patients who sustained damage to their orbitofrontal cortex and had difficulty making decisions, despite having other cognitive processes intact. [17]

Awards and honors

  • The Marian C. Diamond & Arnold B. Scheibel Fund in Neuroscience, 2020 [18]

References

  1. ^ a b Joni Wallis publications indexed by Google Scholar Edit this at Wikidata
  2. ^ Wallis, Jonathan David (2000). Functions of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). jisc.ac.uk (PhD thesis). OCLC  894597346. EThOS  uk.bl.ethos.621700.
  3. ^ Roberts, Angela C.; Wallis, Jonathan D. (2000). "Inhibitory Control and Affective Processing in the Prefrontal Cortex: Neuropsychological Studies in the Common Marmoset". Cerebral Cortex. 10 (3): 252–262. doi: 10.1093/cercor/10.3.252. ISSN  1460-2199. PMID  10731220.
  4. ^ Wallis, Jonathan D.; Miller, Earl K. (2003). "Neuronal activity in primate dorsolateral and orbital prefrontal cortex during performance of a reward preference task". European Journal of Neuroscience. 18 (7): 2069–2081. doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02922.x. ISSN  0953-816X. PMID  14622240. S2CID  12280251.
  5. ^ Miller, Earl K.; Wallis, J. D. (2013), "The Prefrontal Cortex and Executive Brain Functions", Fundamental Neuroscience, Elsevier, pp. 1069–1089, doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385870-2.00050-0, ISBN  9780123858702
  6. ^ Miller, Earl K; Freedman, David J; Wallis, J. D. (2002). "The prefrontal cortex: categories, concepts and cognition". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 357 (1424): 1123–1136. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2002.1099. ISSN  0962-8436. PMC  1693009. PMID  12217179.
  7. ^ Wallis, J. D.; Anderson, Kathleen D.; Miller, Earl K. (June 21, 2001). "Single neurons in prefrontal cortex encode abstract rules" (PDF). Nature. 411 (6840): 953–956. doi: 10.1038/35082081. PMID  11418860. S2CID  4366539.
  8. ^ Wallis, J. D.; Miller, Earl K. (2003). "From rule to response: neuronal processes in the premotor and prefrontal cortex". Journal of Neurophysiology. 90 (3): 1790–1806. doi: 10.1152/jn.00086.2003. ISSN  0022-3077. PMID  12736235.
  9. ^ Hosokawa, Takayuki; Kennerley, Steven W.; Sloan, Jennifer; Wallis, Jonathan D. (2013). "Single-Neuron Mechanisms Underlying Cost-Benefit Analysis in Frontal Cortex". Journal of Neuroscience. 33 (44): 17385–17397. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2221-13.2013. ISSN  0270-6474. PMC  3812506. PMID  24174671.
  10. ^ Kennerley, Steven W.; Dahmubed, Aspandiar F.; Lara, Antonio H.; Wallis, Jonathan D. (2009). "Neurons in the frontal lobe encode the value of multiple decision variables". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 21 (6): 1162–1178. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21100. ISSN  0898-929X. PMC  2715848. PMID  18752411.
  11. ^ Wallis, Jonathan D.; Kennerley, Steven W. (April 2010). "Heterogeneous reward signals in prefrontal cortex". Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 20 (2): 191–198. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2010.02.009. ISSN  0959-4388. PMC  2862852. PMID  20303739.
  12. ^ Luk, Chung-Hay; Wallis, Jonathan D. (2013-01-30). "Choice Coding in Frontal Cortex during Stimulus-Guided or Action-Guided Decision-Making". Journal of Neuroscience. 33 (5): 1864–1871. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4920-12.2013. ISSN  0270-6474. PMC  3711610. PMID  23365226.
  13. ^ Hunt, Laurence T; Behrens, Timothy EJ; Hosokawa, Takayuki; Wallis, Jonathan D; Kennerley, Steven W (2015). "Capturing the temporal evolution of choice across prefrontal cortex". eLife. 4. doi: 10.7554/eLife.11945. ISSN  2050-084X. PMC  4718814. PMID  26653139.
  14. ^ Rich, Erin L.; Wallis, Jonathan D. (2016). "Decoding subjective decisions from orbitofrontal cortex". Nature Neuroscience. 19 (7): 973–980. doi: 10.1038/nn.4320. ISSN  1546-1726. PMC  4925198. PMID  27273768.
  15. ^ Wallis, Joni D. "Project Information - NIH RePORTER - NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results". projectreporter.nih.gov. Retrieved 2018-09-09.
  16. ^ Wallis, Joni D. "Project Information - NIH RePORTER - NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results". projectreporter.nih.gov. Retrieved 2018-09-09.
  17. ^ Cayetano Jr., Reynaldo (2016-11-12). "Neuroscientist Portrait Project: Dr. Joni Wallis". neuroscience.berkeley.edu. Berkeley Neuroscience. Retrieved 2018-08-18.
  18. ^ Terranova, Natalie (2020-11-06). "Wallis awarded funding from The Marian C. Diamond & Arnold B. Scheibel Fund in Neuroscience". Berkeley Neuroscience. Retrieved 2021-02-26.

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