John Carnac | |
---|---|
Born | 1716 |
Died | 29 November 1800 Mangalore, Kingdom of Mysore |
Allegiance | ![]() |
Service/ | British Army |
Rank | Brigadier General |
Commands held | Indian Army |
Brigadier-General John Carnac (1716 – 29 November 1800) was a British officer who served three times as Commander-in-Chief of India. The son of Capt. Peter Carnac (1665–1756), and Andrienne, née Lelonte (d. c.1762), he was baptised in London.
Educated at Trinity College Dublin, [1] John Carnac voyaged to India as a lieutenant in the 39th Regiment in 1754 [1] and served at Madras as secretary and aide-de-camp to the colonel of the regiment, John Adlercron. [1] He joined the service of the East India Company as Captain in 1758 after transferring from the 39th foot. [1] After his arrival in Bengal he became secretary and aide-de-camp to Robert Clive, governor of Bengal, and joined him in an expedition against the Prince Ali Gauhar, son of the Mughal emperor Alamgir II. [1]
In 1761 he engaged with and defeated Shah Alam II. [1] He became Brigadier-General in 1764 [1] and participated with Clive in the negotiations with Shuja-ud-Daula and the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II in 1765. [1]
In 1767, Carnac resigned from the company's service in January and returned to England. [1] He purchased an estate near Ringwood in Hampshire and also participated in a largely unsuccessful housing development in Southampton. [1] From 1768 to 1773 he served as M.P. for Leominster. In 1772 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. [2]
By 1773 Carnac was short of money and he returned to India as a member of the Council at Bombay. [1] He was dismissed from the East India Company for his involvement in the Convention of Wadgaon in 1779 [1] [3] and died at Mangalore in November 1800. [1]
In 1765 John Carnac married Elizabeth Woollaston. [1] Then in 1769 he married Elizabeth Catherine Rivett [1] (1751–80), daughter of Thomas Rivett (1713-1763), [4] who had been an MP and Mayor of Derby. A 1775-76 portrait of Mrs. Carnac by Sir Joshua Reynolds hangs in the Wallace Collection in London; [4] a 1778 mezzotint engraving by John Raphael Smith after Reynolds' painting is at the Art Museum of Estonia, [5] with a proof impression at the British Museum. [6]
John Carnac's last will and testament made his brother-in-law James Rivett his heir, provided that he assumed the additional name of Carnac, which he did in 1801. [1] Two of James's sons became famous: Sir James Rivett-Carnac, 1st Bt, became a Governor of Bombay Presidency, while Admiral John Rivett-Carnac became an early explorer of Australia, where Carnac Island was named in his honor by Captain James Stirling when Rivett-Carnac was first lieutenant on HMS Success on the Swan River expedition of 1827.
John Carnac | |
---|---|
Born | 1716 |
Died | 29 November 1800 Mangalore, Kingdom of Mysore |
Allegiance | ![]() |
Service/ | British Army |
Rank | Brigadier General |
Commands held | Indian Army |
Brigadier-General John Carnac (1716 – 29 November 1800) was a British officer who served three times as Commander-in-Chief of India. The son of Capt. Peter Carnac (1665–1756), and Andrienne, née Lelonte (d. c.1762), he was baptised in London.
Educated at Trinity College Dublin, [1] John Carnac voyaged to India as a lieutenant in the 39th Regiment in 1754 [1] and served at Madras as secretary and aide-de-camp to the colonel of the regiment, John Adlercron. [1] He joined the service of the East India Company as Captain in 1758 after transferring from the 39th foot. [1] After his arrival in Bengal he became secretary and aide-de-camp to Robert Clive, governor of Bengal, and joined him in an expedition against the Prince Ali Gauhar, son of the Mughal emperor Alamgir II. [1]
In 1761 he engaged with and defeated Shah Alam II. [1] He became Brigadier-General in 1764 [1] and participated with Clive in the negotiations with Shuja-ud-Daula and the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II in 1765. [1]
In 1767, Carnac resigned from the company's service in January and returned to England. [1] He purchased an estate near Ringwood in Hampshire and also participated in a largely unsuccessful housing development in Southampton. [1] From 1768 to 1773 he served as M.P. for Leominster. In 1772 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. [2]
By 1773 Carnac was short of money and he returned to India as a member of the Council at Bombay. [1] He was dismissed from the East India Company for his involvement in the Convention of Wadgaon in 1779 [1] [3] and died at Mangalore in November 1800. [1]
In 1765 John Carnac married Elizabeth Woollaston. [1] Then in 1769 he married Elizabeth Catherine Rivett [1] (1751–80), daughter of Thomas Rivett (1713-1763), [4] who had been an MP and Mayor of Derby. A 1775-76 portrait of Mrs. Carnac by Sir Joshua Reynolds hangs in the Wallace Collection in London; [4] a 1778 mezzotint engraving by John Raphael Smith after Reynolds' painting is at the Art Museum of Estonia, [5] with a proof impression at the British Museum. [6]
John Carnac's last will and testament made his brother-in-law James Rivett his heir, provided that he assumed the additional name of Carnac, which he did in 1801. [1] Two of James's sons became famous: Sir James Rivett-Carnac, 1st Bt, became a Governor of Bombay Presidency, while Admiral John Rivett-Carnac became an early explorer of Australia, where Carnac Island was named in his honor by Captain James Stirling when Rivett-Carnac was first lieutenant on HMS Success on the Swan River expedition of 1827.