Job 14 | |
---|---|
![]() The whole Book of Job in the
Leningrad Codex (1008 C.E.) from an old fascimile edition. | |
Book | Book of Job |
Hebrew Bible part | Ketuvim |
Order in the Hebrew part | 3 |
Category | Sifrei Emet |
Christian Bible part | Old Testament |
Order in the Christian part | 18 |
Job 14 is the fourteenth chapter of the Book of Job in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. [1] [2] The book is anonymous; most scholars believe it was written around 6th century BCE. [3] [4] This chapter records the speech of Job, which belongs to the Dialogue section of the book, comprising Job 3:1– 31:40. [5] [6]
The original text is written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 22 verses.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008). [7] Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q100 (4QJobb; 50–1 BCE) with extant verses 4–6 [8] [9] [10] and 4Q101 (4QpaleoJobc; 250–150 BCE) with extant verses 13–18. [8] [11] [9] [12]
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC; some extant ancient manuscripts of this version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century). [13]
The structure of the book is as follows: [14]
Within the structure, chapter 14 is grouped into the Dialogue section with the following outline: [15]
The Dialogue section is composed in the format of poetry with distinctive syntax and grammar. [5] Chapters 12 to 14 contain Job's closing speech of the first round, where he directly addresses his friends (12:2–3; 13:2, 4–12). [16] There are two major units in chapter 14, each with a distinct key question: [17]
This section contains Job's laments of his suffering against the backdrop of human sorrow in general (echoing chapter 7). [18] Three phrases ("born of a woman", "few of days" and "full of trouble"; verse 1) and the analogies to "a flower" and "a shadow" (verse 2) emphasize human limitations as well as the brevity of human life. [18] Job attempts to protest that God treats him as a "hired man", which is 'unsuited for his limilations' (verses 5–6). [19]
Here Job depicts humans as "hired laborers" under a harsh taskmaster, so 'life becomes mere tedium driven by obligation and fear', instead of 'joyful service to a caring master'. [23]
There are three units in this section: [17]
The center point is that Job wants God to 'remember' him (verse 13; cf. Job 7:7, 10:9) and protect him from divine wrath, believing that God is in charge, although in the ways that Job does not fully understand. [24]
Job 14 | |
---|---|
![]() The whole Book of Job in the
Leningrad Codex (1008 C.E.) from an old fascimile edition. | |
Book | Book of Job |
Hebrew Bible part | Ketuvim |
Order in the Hebrew part | 3 |
Category | Sifrei Emet |
Christian Bible part | Old Testament |
Order in the Christian part | 18 |
Job 14 is the fourteenth chapter of the Book of Job in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. [1] [2] The book is anonymous; most scholars believe it was written around 6th century BCE. [3] [4] This chapter records the speech of Job, which belongs to the Dialogue section of the book, comprising Job 3:1– 31:40. [5] [6]
The original text is written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 22 verses.
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008). [7] Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q100 (4QJobb; 50–1 BCE) with extant verses 4–6 [8] [9] [10] and 4Q101 (4QpaleoJobc; 250–150 BCE) with extant verses 13–18. [8] [11] [9] [12]
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC; some extant ancient manuscripts of this version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century). [13]
The structure of the book is as follows: [14]
Within the structure, chapter 14 is grouped into the Dialogue section with the following outline: [15]
The Dialogue section is composed in the format of poetry with distinctive syntax and grammar. [5] Chapters 12 to 14 contain Job's closing speech of the first round, where he directly addresses his friends (12:2–3; 13:2, 4–12). [16] There are two major units in chapter 14, each with a distinct key question: [17]
This section contains Job's laments of his suffering against the backdrop of human sorrow in general (echoing chapter 7). [18] Three phrases ("born of a woman", "few of days" and "full of trouble"; verse 1) and the analogies to "a flower" and "a shadow" (verse 2) emphasize human limitations as well as the brevity of human life. [18] Job attempts to protest that God treats him as a "hired man", which is 'unsuited for his limilations' (verses 5–6). [19]
Here Job depicts humans as "hired laborers" under a harsh taskmaster, so 'life becomes mere tedium driven by obligation and fear', instead of 'joyful service to a caring master'. [23]
There are three units in this section: [17]
The center point is that Job wants God to 'remember' him (verse 13; cf. Job 7:7, 10:9) and protect him from divine wrath, believing that God is in charge, although in the ways that Job does not fully understand. [24]