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Jeju oreum ( Korean: 오름; Hanja: 岳) refers to small rising defunct volcanoes on Jeju Island, South Korea. The word "oreum" comes from the Jeju language, and refers to parasitic cones (측화산; 側火山; also 기생화산; 寄生火山). "Oreum" itself originates from the word "climb" (오르다). [1] It refers to small volcanoes that are inside a main volcanic crater. [2] Cinder cones can be considered representative of oreum. [3] The oreum is divided into pyroclastic cone, tuff cone and lava dome depending on the nature of volcanic eruptions. The pyroclastic cones are volcanic bodies formed by the accumulation of volcanic clusters released into the air by an explosive eruption. [4]
More than 360 oreums are distributed throughout Jeju Island from the mountains to the coast, centered on Mt. Halla. Their formation and preservation are due in part to the high permeability of the volcanic rock. Oreum are considered, along with dol hareubang statues, symbolic of Jeju Island. They have traditionally been associated with folk religion and ancestral worship rituals. Oreum also serve as the sites of settlements and agriculture, particularly around the base of each oreum. [4]
Efforts are being made to protect and manage oreum as a target of sustainable development. It was designated as a Natural Monument (No. 444) in 2005 and was registered as a World Heritage Site in 2007 under the name of 'Geomunoreum Lava Cave System' in Korea. [4] The Geomunoreum lava tube system (거문오름 용암동굴계) is one of Jeju's three locations to be designated as UNESCO World Natural Heritage Sites. [5]
Magma erupting under pressure can solidify into scoria, which may fall and pile up around a crater to form circular and elliptical scoria cones and cinder cones. These are popularly known as oreum in Jeju Island. There are about 360 such oreum. Oreum are classified as cinder cones, lava domes, fault blocks, or cryptodomes. [6]
If the internal density of the volcano sufficient to prevent collapse, a crater is formed, while a collapse produces a caldera. In the case of Mt. Halle, the crater Baekrokdam was formed. The typical caldera terrain on the Korea peninsula is Cheonji on Mt. Baekdu. [7]
As the formation of the oreum occurred in the Cenozoic era and is thus relatively recent, the initial topography of the volcanoes has been well preserved and frequently allows investigation of characteristics like spouting time and eruption specifics, in addition to influences on surface formation that lead to different oreum shapes (e.g., horseshoes, cones, circles, or hybrids). [8]
Geomunoreum ( Korean: 거문오름) forms the boundary among Jocheon-eup Jeju-si, Namwon-eup Seogwipo-si and Pyoseon-myeon Seogwipo-si. [10] The crater of the top is a complex form divided into east and west by a ridge. The oreum located Jeju 400 m from Jeju northeast bevel's sea is where many caves are concentrated. This oreum is important because the lava flows that flowed from this volcano reached shoreline in the direction of the northeast along the terrain gradient and completed the lava tube structure including about 20 caves. The cave system of three directions is formed in this cave structure. The first cave system is Geomunoreum to Dangcheomul cave, which is about 13 km and leads to Banjul cave (뱅뒤굴), Manjanggul Cave (만장굴), Gimnyongsa cave (김녕사굴) and Dangcheomul cave (당처물굴) in lava cave structure formed nearly straight line. It can be traced on a topographic map. According to research on the Jeju natural heritage site, the scale of lava cave developed around Sunheul-ri Geomunoreum and the extension cave things have been confirmed to be world-class. It was listed as UNESCO World Natural Heritage in June 2007 because of its high academic and natural heritage value. [11]
Yongnunioreum ( Korean: 용눈이오름) is located in Jongdal-ri Gujwa-eup Jeju-si. [12] The top of Yongnunioreum is composed of three peaks around the top of north-east direction, and there is an elliptical crater that is somewhat opened in the east–west direction. Overall, the shape of the mountain is a horseshoe-shaped crater that spreads shallowly toward the east slope. At the foot of the west slope, there is a small parasitic volcano with a marginated top and two conical parasitic volcanoes, Aloreum, and it is recorded as a complex oreum, formed with two or more craters along with Yongnunioreum (용눈이오름) and Donurioreum (도너리오름). Especially, a complex volcano made up of various craters is known as an unusual shape. [12] It is said that it is called oreum because of the shape of oreum, the figure of the dragons playing, lying and rising in regard to the origin of the place name. [13]
Geumoreum ( Korean: 금오름) is located in Geumak-ri Hallim-eup Jeju-si. [14] It is one of the representative oreum of western middle mountain area. [15] It is a parasitic volcano with a large circular crater and a mountaintop crater lake. [15] It has 2 peaks in the north and the south, leading to a low col in the east and the west. The mountaintop crater lake was in a great volume of water but the floor of the lake is exposed now. [15] "Geum" (금) stands for God and it can be seen that it has been sacred from ancient times. [15]
Saebyeoloreum ( Korean: 새별오름) is located in Bongseong-ri Aewol-eup Jeju-si. [16] Saebyeoloreum was also called the Saebeloreum or Saebiloreum. It was written as Hyobyeolak( Chinese: 曉別岳) in Sinjeungdonggukyeojiseungram (Hangul: 신증동국여지승람), Hyoseongak( Chinese: 曉星岳)in Tamraji Hangul: 탐라지) and Sinseongak( Chinese: 新星岳) in Jejuguyneupji (제주군읍지). There is a view that Saebel and Saebil are Jeju dialect and they mean stars but it's uncertain. At the southern peak, there are ridges in the southwest, northwest, and northeast directions and there are 5 dagger-shaped mountaintops that look like a star. And Saebyeoloreum was the place where Goryeo[Korean] military under General Choi Young suppressed the Mongolian military. [17]
Darangswioreum ( Korean: 다랑쉬오름) is located in Sehwa-ri, Gujwa-eup, Jeju-si. [18] Although it is only 382 meters above sea level, it has all of the characteristics of a volcanic terrain and is called a 'queen of oreum'. [19] Darangswi (다랑쉬) is the dialect of Jeju which means the Moon. [20] It is named Darangswi because the crater of mountain peaks looks like a full moon. There is a large, deep funnel-shaped circular crater in the mountain area. The outer circumference of this crater is about 1,500 m. It forms a long ellipse from south to north, the north is relatively flat. The depth of the crater is 115 m, which is the same as Baekrokdam in Halla Mountain. Most oreum are asymmetrically inclined, whereas Darangswioreum is arranged with concentric contour lines. [21] There is a village of Darangswi, which was abandoned due to the 4.3 incident. In 1992, eleven of the remains of the victims were unearthed at the Darangswi cave. [22]
Ttarabioreum ( Korean: 따라비오름) is located in Gasi-ri, Pyoseon-myeon, Seogwipo-si. [23] One of the biggest features there is 3 craters. Several large and small peaks are connected with a smooth ridge. On the horseshoe-shaped foot of the mountain, there are debris slide layers as Dunjioreum in Gujwa-eup. It is said that it is considered to belong to a recent volcano erupted because of the debris slide. [24] It is said that the name, Ttarabi (따라비) comes from the name Ttangharabeoji (땅할아버지), which looks like a family with near oreums. [25] Ttangharabeoji means grandfather for ground in English. Ttarabioreum is a typical autumn oreum. As well as the foot of the oreum, the surrounding mountain is a silver grass field. Back then, horses were released and raised in the great grassland. [26]
Classification | Sum | Horseshoe-type | Cone-type | Circle-type | Hybrid-type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sum | 368 | 174 | 102 | 53 | 39 |
Jeju City | 59 | 29 | 21 | 6 | 3 |
Seogwipo City | 37 | 8 | 20 | 6 | 3 |
Hallim Town | 16 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
Aewol Town | 50 | 25 | 17 | 2 | 6 |
Gujwa Town | 40 | 26 | 1 | 7 | 6 |
Jocheon Town | 30 | 17 | 2 | 7 | 4 |
Hangyeong-myeon | 13 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
Udo-myeon | 2 | - | 1 | - | 1 |
Daejeong Town | 8 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
Namwon Town | 29 | 12 | 11 | 6 | - |
Seongsan Town | 22 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 2 |
Andeok-myeon | 31 | 13 | 10 | 3 | 5 |
Pyoseon-myeon | 31 | 18 | 6 | 5 | 2 |
ㄴ(This is a chart from this source [3] [28])
This is a list of oreums on Jeju. [29] [30]
This is a list of 51 oreums in Jeju City (제주시)
This is a list of 31 oreums in Seogwipo City (서귀포시)
This is a list of 32 oreums in Aewol Town (애월읍)
This is a list of 16 oreums in Hallim Town (한림읍)
This is a list of 8 oreums in Daejeong Town (대정읍)
This is a list of 18 oreums in Seongsan Town (성산읍)
This is a list of 33 oreums in Gujwa Town (구좌읍)
This is a list of 25 oreums in Jocheon Town (조천읍)
This is a list of 23 oreums in Namwon Town (남원읍)
This is a list of 30 oreums in Andeok-myeon (안덕면)
This is a list of 26 oreums in Pyoseon-myeon (표선면)
This is a list of 12 oreums in Hangyeong-myeon (한경면)
This is a list of 1 oreums in Udo-myeon (우도면)
This article may require
cleanup to meet Wikipedia's
quality standards. The specific problem is: Grammar. (March 2024) |
Jeju oreum ( Korean: 오름; Hanja: 岳) refers to small rising defunct volcanoes on Jeju Island, South Korea. The word "oreum" comes from the Jeju language, and refers to parasitic cones (측화산; 側火山; also 기생화산; 寄生火山). "Oreum" itself originates from the word "climb" (오르다). [1] It refers to small volcanoes that are inside a main volcanic crater. [2] Cinder cones can be considered representative of oreum. [3] The oreum is divided into pyroclastic cone, tuff cone and lava dome depending on the nature of volcanic eruptions. The pyroclastic cones are volcanic bodies formed by the accumulation of volcanic clusters released into the air by an explosive eruption. [4]
More than 360 oreums are distributed throughout Jeju Island from the mountains to the coast, centered on Mt. Halla. Their formation and preservation are due in part to the high permeability of the volcanic rock. Oreum are considered, along with dol hareubang statues, symbolic of Jeju Island. They have traditionally been associated with folk religion and ancestral worship rituals. Oreum also serve as the sites of settlements and agriculture, particularly around the base of each oreum. [4]
Efforts are being made to protect and manage oreum as a target of sustainable development. It was designated as a Natural Monument (No. 444) in 2005 and was registered as a World Heritage Site in 2007 under the name of 'Geomunoreum Lava Cave System' in Korea. [4] The Geomunoreum lava tube system (거문오름 용암동굴계) is one of Jeju's three locations to be designated as UNESCO World Natural Heritage Sites. [5]
Magma erupting under pressure can solidify into scoria, which may fall and pile up around a crater to form circular and elliptical scoria cones and cinder cones. These are popularly known as oreum in Jeju Island. There are about 360 such oreum. Oreum are classified as cinder cones, lava domes, fault blocks, or cryptodomes. [6]
If the internal density of the volcano sufficient to prevent collapse, a crater is formed, while a collapse produces a caldera. In the case of Mt. Halle, the crater Baekrokdam was formed. The typical caldera terrain on the Korea peninsula is Cheonji on Mt. Baekdu. [7]
As the formation of the oreum occurred in the Cenozoic era and is thus relatively recent, the initial topography of the volcanoes has been well preserved and frequently allows investigation of characteristics like spouting time and eruption specifics, in addition to influences on surface formation that lead to different oreum shapes (e.g., horseshoes, cones, circles, or hybrids). [8]
Geomunoreum ( Korean: 거문오름) forms the boundary among Jocheon-eup Jeju-si, Namwon-eup Seogwipo-si and Pyoseon-myeon Seogwipo-si. [10] The crater of the top is a complex form divided into east and west by a ridge. The oreum located Jeju 400 m from Jeju northeast bevel's sea is where many caves are concentrated. This oreum is important because the lava flows that flowed from this volcano reached shoreline in the direction of the northeast along the terrain gradient and completed the lava tube structure including about 20 caves. The cave system of three directions is formed in this cave structure. The first cave system is Geomunoreum to Dangcheomul cave, which is about 13 km and leads to Banjul cave (뱅뒤굴), Manjanggul Cave (만장굴), Gimnyongsa cave (김녕사굴) and Dangcheomul cave (당처물굴) in lava cave structure formed nearly straight line. It can be traced on a topographic map. According to research on the Jeju natural heritage site, the scale of lava cave developed around Sunheul-ri Geomunoreum and the extension cave things have been confirmed to be world-class. It was listed as UNESCO World Natural Heritage in June 2007 because of its high academic and natural heritage value. [11]
Yongnunioreum ( Korean: 용눈이오름) is located in Jongdal-ri Gujwa-eup Jeju-si. [12] The top of Yongnunioreum is composed of three peaks around the top of north-east direction, and there is an elliptical crater that is somewhat opened in the east–west direction. Overall, the shape of the mountain is a horseshoe-shaped crater that spreads shallowly toward the east slope. At the foot of the west slope, there is a small parasitic volcano with a marginated top and two conical parasitic volcanoes, Aloreum, and it is recorded as a complex oreum, formed with two or more craters along with Yongnunioreum (용눈이오름) and Donurioreum (도너리오름). Especially, a complex volcano made up of various craters is known as an unusual shape. [12] It is said that it is called oreum because of the shape of oreum, the figure of the dragons playing, lying and rising in regard to the origin of the place name. [13]
Geumoreum ( Korean: 금오름) is located in Geumak-ri Hallim-eup Jeju-si. [14] It is one of the representative oreum of western middle mountain area. [15] It is a parasitic volcano with a large circular crater and a mountaintop crater lake. [15] It has 2 peaks in the north and the south, leading to a low col in the east and the west. The mountaintop crater lake was in a great volume of water but the floor of the lake is exposed now. [15] "Geum" (금) stands for God and it can be seen that it has been sacred from ancient times. [15]
Saebyeoloreum ( Korean: 새별오름) is located in Bongseong-ri Aewol-eup Jeju-si. [16] Saebyeoloreum was also called the Saebeloreum or Saebiloreum. It was written as Hyobyeolak( Chinese: 曉別岳) in Sinjeungdonggukyeojiseungram (Hangul: 신증동국여지승람), Hyoseongak( Chinese: 曉星岳)in Tamraji Hangul: 탐라지) and Sinseongak( Chinese: 新星岳) in Jejuguyneupji (제주군읍지). There is a view that Saebel and Saebil are Jeju dialect and they mean stars but it's uncertain. At the southern peak, there are ridges in the southwest, northwest, and northeast directions and there are 5 dagger-shaped mountaintops that look like a star. And Saebyeoloreum was the place where Goryeo[Korean] military under General Choi Young suppressed the Mongolian military. [17]
Darangswioreum ( Korean: 다랑쉬오름) is located in Sehwa-ri, Gujwa-eup, Jeju-si. [18] Although it is only 382 meters above sea level, it has all of the characteristics of a volcanic terrain and is called a 'queen of oreum'. [19] Darangswi (다랑쉬) is the dialect of Jeju which means the Moon. [20] It is named Darangswi because the crater of mountain peaks looks like a full moon. There is a large, deep funnel-shaped circular crater in the mountain area. The outer circumference of this crater is about 1,500 m. It forms a long ellipse from south to north, the north is relatively flat. The depth of the crater is 115 m, which is the same as Baekrokdam in Halla Mountain. Most oreum are asymmetrically inclined, whereas Darangswioreum is arranged with concentric contour lines. [21] There is a village of Darangswi, which was abandoned due to the 4.3 incident. In 1992, eleven of the remains of the victims were unearthed at the Darangswi cave. [22]
Ttarabioreum ( Korean: 따라비오름) is located in Gasi-ri, Pyoseon-myeon, Seogwipo-si. [23] One of the biggest features there is 3 craters. Several large and small peaks are connected with a smooth ridge. On the horseshoe-shaped foot of the mountain, there are debris slide layers as Dunjioreum in Gujwa-eup. It is said that it is considered to belong to a recent volcano erupted because of the debris slide. [24] It is said that the name, Ttarabi (따라비) comes from the name Ttangharabeoji (땅할아버지), which looks like a family with near oreums. [25] Ttangharabeoji means grandfather for ground in English. Ttarabioreum is a typical autumn oreum. As well as the foot of the oreum, the surrounding mountain is a silver grass field. Back then, horses were released and raised in the great grassland. [26]
Classification | Sum | Horseshoe-type | Cone-type | Circle-type | Hybrid-type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sum | 368 | 174 | 102 | 53 | 39 |
Jeju City | 59 | 29 | 21 | 6 | 3 |
Seogwipo City | 37 | 8 | 20 | 6 | 3 |
Hallim Town | 16 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
Aewol Town | 50 | 25 | 17 | 2 | 6 |
Gujwa Town | 40 | 26 | 1 | 7 | 6 |
Jocheon Town | 30 | 17 | 2 | 7 | 4 |
Hangyeong-myeon | 13 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
Udo-myeon | 2 | - | 1 | - | 1 |
Daejeong Town | 8 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
Namwon Town | 29 | 12 | 11 | 6 | - |
Seongsan Town | 22 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 2 |
Andeok-myeon | 31 | 13 | 10 | 3 | 5 |
Pyoseon-myeon | 31 | 18 | 6 | 5 | 2 |
ㄴ(This is a chart from this source [3] [28])
This is a list of oreums on Jeju. [29] [30]
This is a list of 51 oreums in Jeju City (제주시)
This is a list of 31 oreums in Seogwipo City (서귀포시)
This is a list of 32 oreums in Aewol Town (애월읍)
This is a list of 16 oreums in Hallim Town (한림읍)
This is a list of 8 oreums in Daejeong Town (대정읍)
This is a list of 18 oreums in Seongsan Town (성산읍)
This is a list of 33 oreums in Gujwa Town (구좌읍)
This is a list of 25 oreums in Jocheon Town (조천읍)
This is a list of 23 oreums in Namwon Town (남원읍)
This is a list of 30 oreums in Andeok-myeon (안덕면)
This is a list of 26 oreums in Pyoseon-myeon (표선면)
This is a list of 12 oreums in Hangyeong-myeon (한경면)
This is a list of 1 oreums in Udo-myeon (우도면)