According to
ibn Fadlan, the Jāwashīghar was an official in the
Khazar government under the command of the
Kündür Khagan, in turn under
Khagan Bek's command. Ibn Fadlan did not describe the duties of this officer.
This title had been transcribed in different ways: Jāwshïghr or Jawshïghïr (
Togan, 1939), Jāwshīghr (
Canard, McKeithen 1979), Jawshighir (
Frye, 2005), Jawshīghīr (Lunde & Stone, 2011) and Jāwash(y)īghar (Golden, 1980).
Scholarly theories to
etymologize the title include:
Golden (2005:214) proposed that Jāwshīghr might've been garbled from Jawašğır from javaš (
Common Turkicyavaš) "gentle, mild" plus agentive suffix -ğır/ğur, thus "the one who makes peace" (cf.
Uygh. Buddh.yavaš qıl "to make peace" (Clauson, 1972:880));
Erdal (2007:80-81) reconstructed Čavïš-yïgar, meaning "the 'marshal' bringing together all the čavïš [who marshalled the ranks in battle and were in charge of order at court]";
Klyashtorny (1997:22-23) reconstructed Čavšunqar (
beg) "head of the royal
falcon-hunting" (čav means
falcon and šunqargyrfalcon) and pointed to the
Karakhanid title čavlï-beg.
Sources
Kevin Alan Brook. The Jews of Khazaria. 3rd ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2018.
ISBN978-1-5381-0342-5
Douglas M. Dunlop, The History of the Jewish Khazars, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1954.
Peter B. Golden, Khazar Studies, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1980.
Peter B. Golden, "Khazarica: Notes on Some Khazar Terms", in Turkic Languages, ed. Lars Johanson, Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005
Ahmad ibn Fadlan, Mission to the Volga, translated by James Montgomery, foreword by Tom Severin, 2017, NYU Press, 2017.
Marcel Erdal, "The Khazar Language" in The World of the Khazars. Leiden: Brill, 2007. pp. 75-108
Sergey Klyashtorny, "About One Khazar Title in ibn Faḍlān" in Manuscripta Orientalia 3.3, Thesa, 1997.
According to
ibn Fadlan, the Jāwashīghar was an official in the
Khazar government under the command of the
Kündür Khagan, in turn under
Khagan Bek's command. Ibn Fadlan did not describe the duties of this officer.
This title had been transcribed in different ways: Jāwshïghr or Jawshïghïr (
Togan, 1939), Jāwshīghr (
Canard, McKeithen 1979), Jawshighir (
Frye, 2005), Jawshīghīr (Lunde & Stone, 2011) and Jāwash(y)īghar (Golden, 1980).
Scholarly theories to
etymologize the title include:
Golden (2005:214) proposed that Jāwshīghr might've been garbled from Jawašğır from javaš (
Common Turkicyavaš) "gentle, mild" plus agentive suffix -ğır/ğur, thus "the one who makes peace" (cf.
Uygh. Buddh.yavaš qıl "to make peace" (Clauson, 1972:880));
Erdal (2007:80-81) reconstructed Čavïš-yïgar, meaning "the 'marshal' bringing together all the čavïš [who marshalled the ranks in battle and were in charge of order at court]";
Klyashtorny (1997:22-23) reconstructed Čavšunqar (
beg) "head of the royal
falcon-hunting" (čav means
falcon and šunqargyrfalcon) and pointed to the
Karakhanid title čavlï-beg.
Sources
Kevin Alan Brook. The Jews of Khazaria. 3rd ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2018.
ISBN978-1-5381-0342-5
Douglas M. Dunlop, The History of the Jewish Khazars, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1954.
Peter B. Golden, Khazar Studies, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1980.
Peter B. Golden, "Khazarica: Notes on Some Khazar Terms", in Turkic Languages, ed. Lars Johanson, Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005
Ahmad ibn Fadlan, Mission to the Volga, translated by James Montgomery, foreword by Tom Severin, 2017, NYU Press, 2017.
Marcel Erdal, "The Khazar Language" in The World of the Khazars. Leiden: Brill, 2007. pp. 75-108
Sergey Klyashtorny, "About One Khazar Title in ibn Faḍlān" in Manuscripta Orientalia 3.3, Thesa, 1997.