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Detailed hierarchical classification
The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD ) is a detailed
hierarchical
classification of all
headache -related
disorders published by the
International Headache Society .
[1] It is considered the official classification of headaches by the
World Health Organization , and, in 1992, was incorporated into the 10th edition of their
International Classification of Diseases (
ICD-10 ).
[2] Each class of headache contains explicit diagnostic criteria—meaning that the criteria include
quantities rather than vague terms like several or usually —that are based on
clinical and
laboratory observations.
[2]
The ICHD was first published in 1988 (now known as the ICHD-1). A second version, the ICHD-2, was published in 2004. The most current version, ICHD-3, was published in 2018.
[3]
Hierarchy
Primary headaches
ICHD 1, ICD10 G43: Migraine
Migraine without aura
Migraine with
aura
Childhood periodic syndromes that are commonly precursors of migraine
Retinal migraine
Complications of migraine
Migraine-triggered seizure
Probable migraine
ICHD 2, ICD10 G44.2: Tension-type headache (TTH)
Infrequent episodic
tension-type headache
Frequent episodic tension-type headache
Chronic tension-type headache
Probable tension-type headache
ICHD 3, ICD10 G44.0: Cluster headache and other trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias
Cluster headache
Paroxysmal hemicrania
Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT)
Probable trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia
ICHD 4, ICD10 G44.80: Other primary headaches
Primary stabbing headache
Primary cough headache
Primary exertional headache
Primary
headache associated with sexual activity
Hypnic headache
Primary
thunderclap headache
Hemicrania continua
New daily persistent headache (NDPH)
Secondary headaches
ICHD 5, ICD10 G44.88: Headache attributed to head and/or neck trauma
Acute post-traumatic headache
Acute post-traumatic headache attributed to moderate or severe
head injury
Acute post-traumatic headache attributed to mild head injury
Chronic post-traumatic headache
Chronic post-traumatic headache attributed to moderate or severe head injury
Chronic post-traumatic headache attributed to mild head injury
Acute headache attributed to
whiplash injury
Chronic headache attributed to whiplash injury
Headache attributed to traumatic
intracranial haematoma
Headache attributed to epidural haematoma
Headache attributed to subdural haematoma
Headache attributed to other head and/or neck trauma
Acute headache attributed to other head and/or neck trauma
Chronic headache attributed to other head and/or neck trauma
Post-
craniotomy headache
Acute post-craniotomy headache
Chronic post-craniotomy headache
ICHD 6, ICD10 G44.81: Headache attributed to cranial or cervical vascular disorder
Headache attributed to ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack
Headache attributed to
ischaemic stroke (cerebral infarction)
Headache attributed to
transient ischaemic attack (TIA)
Headache attributed to non-traumatic
intracranial haemorrhage
Headache attributed to
intracerebral haemorrhage
Headache attributed to
subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)
Headache attributed to unruptured
vascular malformation
Headache attributed to
saccular aneurysm
Headache attributed to
arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
Headache attributed to
dural arteriovenous fistula
Headache attributed to
cavernous angioma
Headache attributed to encephalotrigeminal or leptomeningeal angiomatosis (
Sturge Weber syndrome )
Headache attributed to
arteritis
Headache attributed to
giant cell arteritis (GCA)
Headache attributed to primary
central nervous system (CNS) angiitis
Headache attributed to secondary central nervous system (CNS) angiitis
Carotid or vertebral artery pain
Headache or facial or neck pain attributed to arterial dissection
Post-
endarterectomy headache
Carotid
angioplasty headache
Headache attributed to intracranial
endovascular procedures
Angiography headache
Headache attributed to
cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT)
Headache attributed to other intracranial vascular disorder
CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy)
MELAS (eitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes)
Headache attributed to benign
angiopathy of the central nervous system
Headache attributed to
pituitary apoplexy
ICHD 7, ICD10 G44.82: Headache attributed to non-vascular intracranial disorder
Headache attributed to high
cerebrospinal fluid pressure
Headache attributed to
idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)
Headache attributed to intracranial hypertension secondary to metabolic, toxic or hormonal causes
Headache attributed to intracranial hypertension secondary to
hydrocephalus
Headache attributed to
low cerebrospinal fluid pressure
Post-dural puncture headache
CSF fistula headache
Headache attributed to
spontaneous (or idiopathic) low CSF pressure
Headache attributed to non-infectious
inflammatory disease
Headache attributed to
neurosarcoidosis
Headache attributed to
aseptic (non-infectious) meningitis
Headache attributed to other non-infectious inflammatory disease
Headache attributed to
lymphocytic hypophysitis
Headache attributed to
intracranial neoplasm
Headache attributed to
increased intracranial pressure or
hydrocephalus caused by neoplasm
Headache attributed directly to neoplasm
Headache attributed to
carcinomatous meningitis
Headache attributed to
hypothalamic or
pituitary hyper- or hyposecretion
Headache attributed to
intrathecal injection
Headache attributed to
epileptic seizure
Hemicrania epileptica
Post-seizure headache
Headache attributed to
Chiari malformation type I (CM1)
Syndrome of transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid
lymphocytosis (HaNDL)
Headache attributed to other non-vascular intracranial disorder
ICHD 8, ICD10 G44.4 or G44.83: Headache attributed to a substance or its withdrawal
Headache induced by acute substance use or exposure
Nitric oxide (NO) donor-induced headache
Immediate NO donor-induced headache
Delayed NO donor-headache
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor -induced headache
Carbon monoxide -induced headache
Alcohol -induced headache.
Immediate alcohol-induced headache
Delayed alcohol-induced headache
Headache induced by food components and additives
Monosodium glutamate -induced headache
Cocaine -induced headache
Cannabis -induced headache
Histamine -induced headache
Immediate histamine-induced headache
Delayed histamine-induced headache
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-induced headache
Immediate CGRP-induced headache
Delayed CGRP-induced headache
Headache as an acute
adverse event attributed to medication used for other indications
Headache attributed to other acute substance use or exposure
Medication-overuse headache (MOH)
Ergotamine -overuse headache
Triptan -overuse headache
Analgesic -overuse headache
Opioid -overuse headache
Combination analgesic-overuse headache
Medication-overuse headache attributed to combination of acute medications
Headache attributed to other medication overuse
Probable medication-overuse headache
Headache as an adverse event attributed to chronic medication
Exogenous
hormone -induced headache
Headache attributed to
substance withdrawal
caffeine-withdrawal headache
opioid-withdrawal headache
Oestrogen -withdrawal headache
Headache attributed to withdrawal from chronic use of other substances
ICHD 9, ICD10 G44.821 or G44.881: Headache attributed to
infection
Headache attributed to
intracranial infection
Headache attributed to
bacterial meningitis
Headache attributed to
lymphocytic meningitis
Headache attributed to
encephalitis
Headache attributed to
brain abscess
Headache attributed to
subdural empyema
Headache attributed to
systemic infection
Headache attributed to
systemic
bacterial infection
Headache attributed to systemic
viral infection
Headache attributed to other systemic infection
Headache attributed to
HIV/AIDS
Chronic post-infection headache
Chronic post-bacterial meningitis headache
ICHD 10, ICD10 G44.882: Headache attributed to disorder of
homeostasis
Headache attributed to
hypoxia and/or
hypercapnia
High-altitude headache
Diving headache
Sleep apnoea headache
Dialysis headache
Headache attributed to
arterial hypertension
Headache attributed to
phaeochromocytoma
Headache attributed to
hypertensive crisis without hypertensive encephalopathy
Headache attributed to
hypertensive encephalopathy
Headache attributed to
pre-eclampsia
Headache attributed to
eclampsia
Headache attributed to acute
pressor response to an exogenous agent
Headache attributed to
hypothyroidism
Headache attributed to
fasting
Cardiac cephalalgia
Headache attributed to other disorder of homoeostasis
ICHD 11, ICD10 G44.84: Headache or facial pain attributed to disorder of cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth or other facial or cranial structures
Headache attributed to disorder of
cranial bone
Headache attributed to disorder of
neck
Cervicogenic headache
Headache attributed to
retropharyngeal
tendonitis
Headache attributed to
craniocervical dystonia
Headache attributed to
disorder of eyes
Headache attributed to
acute glaucoma
Headache attributed to
refractive errors
Headache attributed to
heterophoria or
heterotropia (latent or manifest squint)
Headache attributed to ocular
inflammatory disorder
Headache attributed to disorder of
ears
Headache attributed to
rhinosinusitis
Headache attributed to disorder of teeth, jaws or related structures
Headache or facial pain attributed to
temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder
Headache attributed to other disorder of cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses,
teeth, mouth or other facial or cervical structures
ICHD 12, ICD10 R51: Headache attributed to psychiatric disorder
Headache attributed to
somatization disorder
Headache attributed to
psychotic disorder
Cranial neuralgias, central and primary facial pain and other headaches
ICHD 13, ICD10 G44.847, G44.848, or G44.85: Cranial neuralgias and central causes of facial pain
ICHD 13.1, ICD10 G44.847:
Trigeminal neuralgia
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
Nervus intermedius neuralgia
Superior laryngeal neuralgia
Nasociliary neuralgia
Supraorbital neuralgia
Other terminal branch neuralgias
Occipital neuralgia
Neck-tongue syndrome
External compression headache
Cold-stimulus headache
Constant pain caused by compression, irritation or distortion of cranial nerves or upper cervical roots by structural lesions
Optic neuritis
Ocular diabetic neuropathy
Head or facial pain attributed to
herpes zoster
Head or facial pain attributed to acute herpes zoster
Post-herpetic neuralgia
Tolosa–Hunt syndrome
Opthalamoplegic migraine
Central causes of facial pain
Anaesthesia dolorosa
Central post-stroke pain
Facial pain attributable to
multiple sclerosis
Persistent idiopathic facial pain (the IHS's preferred term for
atypical facial pain )
Burning mouth syndrome
Other cranial neuralgia or other centrally mediated facial pain
ICHD 14, ICD10 R51: Other headache, cranial neuralgia, central or primary facial pain
Headache not elsewhere classified
Headache unspecified
References
^ Headache Classification Subcommittee of the
International Headache Society (2004).
"The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd Edition" (PDF) . Cephalalgia . 24 (Supplement 1).
Oxford , England, UK:
Blackwell Publishing : 1–160.
ISSN
0333-1024 . Archived from
the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 June 2016 .
^
a
b Olesen, Jes; Goadsby, Peter J.; Ramadan, Nabih M.; Tfelt-Hansen, Peter; Welch, K. Michael A. (2006). The Headaches (3rd ed.).
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , United States:
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins . pp. 1–13.
ISBN
0-7817-5400-3 .
^
Website The International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition . Retrieved 15. July 2018.