Inns are generally establishments or buildings where travelers can seek
lodging, and usually, food and drink. Inns are typically located in the country or along a highway. Before the advent of motorized transportation, they also provided accommodation for
horses.
An innkeeper is the name of a person who runs an inn.
History
Inns in Europe were possibly first established when the Romans built their system of
Roman roads 2,000 years ago. Many inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition to providing for the needs of travelers, inns traditionally acted as community gathering places.
Historically, inns provided not only food and lodging, but stabling and
fodder for the travelers' horses, as well. Famous London examples of inns include
The George and
The Tabard. However, there is no longer a formal distinction between an inn and several other kinds of establishments: many
pubs use the name "inn", either because they are long established and may have been formerly
coaching inns, or to summon up a particular kind of image.
Inns were like
bed and breakfasts, with a community dining room which was also used for town meetings or rented for wedding parties. The front, facing the road, was ornamental and welcoming for travelers. The back also usually had at least one livery barn for travelers to keep their horses. There were no lobbies as in modern inns; rather, the innkeeper would answer the door for each visitor and judge the people whom he decided to accommodate, it was up to the visitors to convince the innkeeper for accommodation. In some English towns, bye-laws would require innkeepers to offer all visitors a bed.[1] Many inns were simply large houses that had extra rooms for renting.
In 14th century England, the courtyards of the inns were often not paved or cobbled but rather flattened earth or mud. These inns would be made of two-storey timber framed buildings with steep shingle roofs. Stableboys were in charge of stabling horses at the rear yard of the inn where they are watered and fed. Usual foods served included pottage, bread and cheese with ale for drinking. In some towns, innkeepers are only allowed to offer food and drinks to guests. The better managed inns would place fresh rushes on the floor, mixed with rose petals, lavender and herbs. Lighting would be dim, as candles were made of tallow. For toilet facilities, inns would simply provide a seat and a barrel which were emptied every morning. Beds would accommodate more than one man, sometimes even a dozen.[1]
During the 19th century, the inn played a major role in the growing transportation system of England. Industry was on the rise, and people were traveling more in order to keep and maintain business. The English inn was considered an important part of English infrastructure, as it helped maintain a smooth flow of travel throughout the country.[2]
As modes of transport have evolved, tourist lodging has adapted to serve each generation of traveller. A
stagecoach made frequent stops at roadside coaching inns for water, food, and horses. A passenger train stopped only at designated stations in the city centre, around which were built
grand railway hotels. Motorcar traffic on old-style two-lane highways might have paused at any camp, cabin court, or
motel along the way, while freeway traffic was restricted to access from designated off-ramps to side roads which quickly become crowded with
hotel chain operators.
The original functions of an inn are now usually split among separate establishments. For example, hotels,
lodges and
motels might provide the traditional functions of an inn but focus more on lodging customers than on other services;
public houses (pubs) are primarily alcohol-serving establishments; and restaurants and
taverns serve food and drink. (Hotels often contain restaurants serving full breakfasts and meals, thus providing all of the functions of traditional inns.
Economy, limited service properties, however, lack a kitchen and bar, and therefore claim at most an included
continental breakfast.)
The lodging aspect of the word inn lives on in some hotel brand names, like
Holiday Inn, and the
Inns of Court in London were once accommodations for members of the legal profession. Some laws refer to lodging operators as innkeepers.
Other forms of inns exist throughout the world. Among them are the
honjin and
ryokan of
Japan,
caravanserai of Central Asia and the Middle East, and Jiuguan in ancient China.
In
Asia Minor, during the periods of rule by the
Seljuq and
Ottoman Turks, impressive structures functioning as inns (
Turkish: han) were built because inns were considered socially significant. These inns provided accommodations for people and either their vehicles or animals, and served as a resting place to those travelling on foot or by other means.
These inns were built between towns if the distance between municipalities was too far for one day's travel. These structures, called
caravansarais, were inns with large courtyards and ample supplies of water for drinking and other uses. They typically contained a café, in addition to supplies of food and fodder. After the
caravans traveled a while they would take a break at these caravansarais, and often spend the night to rest the human travellers and their animals.
Usage of the term
The term "inn" historically characterized a rural hotel which provided lodging, food and refreshments, and accommodations for travelers' horses. To capitalize on this nostalgic image many typically lower end and middling modern motor hotel operators seek to distance themselves from similar
motels by styling themselves "inns", regardless of services and accommodations provided. Examples are
Comfort Inn,
Days Inn,
Holiday Inn,
Knights Inn, and
Premier Inn.
The term "inn" is also retained in its historic use in many laws governing motels and hotels, often known as "innkeeper's acts",[3] or refer to hôteliers and motel operators as "innkeepers" in the body of the legislation[4][5] These laws typically define the innkeepers' liability for valuables entrusted to them by clients and determine whether an innkeeper holds any lien against such goods. In some jurisdictions, an offence named as "
defrauding an innkeeper" prohibits fraudulently obtaining "food, lodging, or other accommodation at any hotel, inn, boarding house, or eating house";[6] in this context, the term is often an anachronism as the majority of modern restaurants are free-standing and not attached to coaching inns or tourist lodging.
Gallery
The
Cott Inn at Cott, Dartington, Devon, UK dates from 1320
^Chartres, John (2002). The Eighteenth-Century English Inn: A Transient "Golden Age"?. Ashgate. p. 211.
ISBN0-7546-0341-5.
^Innkeepers Act, RSA 2000, c I-2, Consolidated Statutes of Alberta; Innkeepers Act, RSNL 1990, c I-7, Consolidated Statutes of Newfoundland and Labrador; Innkeepers Act, RSO 1990, c I.7
Consolidated Statutes of Ontario
^Hotel Keepers Act, RSBC 1996, c 206, Consolidated Statutes of British Columbia
^Civil Code of Québec, LRQ, c C-1991, Division III: Deposit with an Innkeeper
Burke, Thomas (1927) The Book of the Inn: being two hundred pictures of the English inn from the earliest times to the coming of the railway hotel; selected and edited by Thomas Burke. London: Constable
Burke, Thomas (1930) The English Inn. (English Heritage.) London: Herbert Jenkins
(1947) Revised. (The Country Books.) London: Herbert Jenkins
Everitt, Alan (1985) "The English Urban Inn", in his: Landscape and Community in England. London: Hambledon Press
ISBN0907628427 (The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (ed. David Hey), 1996, describes this as "the starting point for modern studies [of inns]"; Everitt described most of the previous literature on the topic as "a wretched farrago of romantic legends, facetious humour and irritating errors")
Douch, H. L. (1966) Old Cornish Inns and their place in the social history of the County. Truro: D. Bradford Barton
Monson-Fitzjohn, G. J. (1926) Quaint Signs of Olde Inns. London: Herbert Jenkins (reissued by Senate, London, 1994
ISBN1-85958-028-9)
Richardson, A. E. (1934) The Old Inns of England. London: B. T. Batsford
Sherry, John (1972) The Laws of Innkeepers; for hotels, motels, restaurants and clubs. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press
ISBN0801407028
Inns are generally establishments or buildings where travelers can seek
lodging, and usually, food and drink. Inns are typically located in the country or along a highway. Before the advent of motorized transportation, they also provided accommodation for
horses.
An innkeeper is the name of a person who runs an inn.
History
Inns in Europe were possibly first established when the Romans built their system of
Roman roads 2,000 years ago. Many inns in Europe are several centuries old. In addition to providing for the needs of travelers, inns traditionally acted as community gathering places.
Historically, inns provided not only food and lodging, but stabling and
fodder for the travelers' horses, as well. Famous London examples of inns include
The George and
The Tabard. However, there is no longer a formal distinction between an inn and several other kinds of establishments: many
pubs use the name "inn", either because they are long established and may have been formerly
coaching inns, or to summon up a particular kind of image.
Inns were like
bed and breakfasts, with a community dining room which was also used for town meetings or rented for wedding parties. The front, facing the road, was ornamental and welcoming for travelers. The back also usually had at least one livery barn for travelers to keep their horses. There were no lobbies as in modern inns; rather, the innkeeper would answer the door for each visitor and judge the people whom he decided to accommodate, it was up to the visitors to convince the innkeeper for accommodation. In some English towns, bye-laws would require innkeepers to offer all visitors a bed.[1] Many inns were simply large houses that had extra rooms for renting.
In 14th century England, the courtyards of the inns were often not paved or cobbled but rather flattened earth or mud. These inns would be made of two-storey timber framed buildings with steep shingle roofs. Stableboys were in charge of stabling horses at the rear yard of the inn where they are watered and fed. Usual foods served included pottage, bread and cheese with ale for drinking. In some towns, innkeepers are only allowed to offer food and drinks to guests. The better managed inns would place fresh rushes on the floor, mixed with rose petals, lavender and herbs. Lighting would be dim, as candles were made of tallow. For toilet facilities, inns would simply provide a seat and a barrel which were emptied every morning. Beds would accommodate more than one man, sometimes even a dozen.[1]
During the 19th century, the inn played a major role in the growing transportation system of England. Industry was on the rise, and people were traveling more in order to keep and maintain business. The English inn was considered an important part of English infrastructure, as it helped maintain a smooth flow of travel throughout the country.[2]
As modes of transport have evolved, tourist lodging has adapted to serve each generation of traveller. A
stagecoach made frequent stops at roadside coaching inns for water, food, and horses. A passenger train stopped only at designated stations in the city centre, around which were built
grand railway hotels. Motorcar traffic on old-style two-lane highways might have paused at any camp, cabin court, or
motel along the way, while freeway traffic was restricted to access from designated off-ramps to side roads which quickly become crowded with
hotel chain operators.
The original functions of an inn are now usually split among separate establishments. For example, hotels,
lodges and
motels might provide the traditional functions of an inn but focus more on lodging customers than on other services;
public houses (pubs) are primarily alcohol-serving establishments; and restaurants and
taverns serve food and drink. (Hotels often contain restaurants serving full breakfasts and meals, thus providing all of the functions of traditional inns.
Economy, limited service properties, however, lack a kitchen and bar, and therefore claim at most an included
continental breakfast.)
The lodging aspect of the word inn lives on in some hotel brand names, like
Holiday Inn, and the
Inns of Court in London were once accommodations for members of the legal profession. Some laws refer to lodging operators as innkeepers.
Other forms of inns exist throughout the world. Among them are the
honjin and
ryokan of
Japan,
caravanserai of Central Asia and the Middle East, and Jiuguan in ancient China.
In
Asia Minor, during the periods of rule by the
Seljuq and
Ottoman Turks, impressive structures functioning as inns (
Turkish: han) were built because inns were considered socially significant. These inns provided accommodations for people and either their vehicles or animals, and served as a resting place to those travelling on foot or by other means.
These inns were built between towns if the distance between municipalities was too far for one day's travel. These structures, called
caravansarais, were inns with large courtyards and ample supplies of water for drinking and other uses. They typically contained a café, in addition to supplies of food and fodder. After the
caravans traveled a while they would take a break at these caravansarais, and often spend the night to rest the human travellers and their animals.
Usage of the term
The term "inn" historically characterized a rural hotel which provided lodging, food and refreshments, and accommodations for travelers' horses. To capitalize on this nostalgic image many typically lower end and middling modern motor hotel operators seek to distance themselves from similar
motels by styling themselves "inns", regardless of services and accommodations provided. Examples are
Comfort Inn,
Days Inn,
Holiday Inn,
Knights Inn, and
Premier Inn.
The term "inn" is also retained in its historic use in many laws governing motels and hotels, often known as "innkeeper's acts",[3] or refer to hôteliers and motel operators as "innkeepers" in the body of the legislation[4][5] These laws typically define the innkeepers' liability for valuables entrusted to them by clients and determine whether an innkeeper holds any lien against such goods. In some jurisdictions, an offence named as "
defrauding an innkeeper" prohibits fraudulently obtaining "food, lodging, or other accommodation at any hotel, inn, boarding house, or eating house";[6] in this context, the term is often an anachronism as the majority of modern restaurants are free-standing and not attached to coaching inns or tourist lodging.
Gallery
The
Cott Inn at Cott, Dartington, Devon, UK dates from 1320
^Chartres, John (2002). The Eighteenth-Century English Inn: A Transient "Golden Age"?. Ashgate. p. 211.
ISBN0-7546-0341-5.
^Innkeepers Act, RSA 2000, c I-2, Consolidated Statutes of Alberta; Innkeepers Act, RSNL 1990, c I-7, Consolidated Statutes of Newfoundland and Labrador; Innkeepers Act, RSO 1990, c I.7
Consolidated Statutes of Ontario
^Hotel Keepers Act, RSBC 1996, c 206, Consolidated Statutes of British Columbia
^Civil Code of Québec, LRQ, c C-1991, Division III: Deposit with an Innkeeper
Burke, Thomas (1927) The Book of the Inn: being two hundred pictures of the English inn from the earliest times to the coming of the railway hotel; selected and edited by Thomas Burke. London: Constable
Burke, Thomas (1930) The English Inn. (English Heritage.) London: Herbert Jenkins
(1947) Revised. (The Country Books.) London: Herbert Jenkins
Everitt, Alan (1985) "The English Urban Inn", in his: Landscape and Community in England. London: Hambledon Press
ISBN0907628427 (The Oxford Companion to Local and Family History (ed. David Hey), 1996, describes this as "the starting point for modern studies [of inns]"; Everitt described most of the previous literature on the topic as "a wretched farrago of romantic legends, facetious humour and irritating errors")
Douch, H. L. (1966) Old Cornish Inns and their place in the social history of the County. Truro: D. Bradford Barton
Monson-Fitzjohn, G. J. (1926) Quaint Signs of Olde Inns. London: Herbert Jenkins (reissued by Senate, London, 1994
ISBN1-85958-028-9)
Richardson, A. E. (1934) The Old Inns of England. London: B. T. Batsford
Sherry, John (1972) The Laws of Innkeepers; for hotels, motels, restaurants and clubs. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press
ISBN0801407028