HLG is an
HDR format that uses the HLG transfer function,
BT.2020color primaries and a
bitdepth of 10-bit.[8] HLG was designed to be
backward compatible with
SDRUHDTV. However, HLG is not intended to be fully backward compatible with traditional SDR displays that cannot interpret BT.2020 colorimetry.[8][9]
Both HLG transfer function and the HLG format are
royalty-free.[2] The backward compatibility allows them to be used with existing transmission standards when the receiver is compatible with the BT.2020 colour container, reducing complexity and cost for both equipment manufacturers and content distributors.[1][10][9] They are supported by
HDMI 2.0b,
HEVC,
VP9, and
H.264/MPEG-4 AVC,[11][12][13][14] and are used by video services such as
BBC iPlayer,
DirecTV,
Freeview Play, and
YouTube.[15][16][17][18][19]
Description
HLG is designed to be better-suited for
television broadcasting, where the metadata required for other HDR formats is not
backward compatible with non-HDR displays, consumes additional
bandwidth, and may also become out-of-sync or damaged in transmission. HLG defines a non-linear
optical-electro transfer function, in which the lower half of the signal values use a
gamma curve and the upper half of the signal values use a
logarithmic curve.[20][21] In practice, the signal is interpreted as normal by
standard-dynamic-range displays (albeit capable of displaying more detail in highlights), but HLG-compatible displays can correctly interpret the logarithmic portion of the signal curve to provide a wider dynamic range.[22][23][24] In contrast with the other HDR formats it does not use metadata.[25]
The HLG
transfer function is backward compatible with
SDR's
gamma curve. However, HLG is commonly used with
Rec. 2020color primaries which produce a de-
saturated image with visible
hue shifts on non-compatible devices.[26] HLG is therefore backward compatible with SDR-
UHDTV and will show color distortion on common SDR devices that only support
Rec. 709 color primaries.[26]
r is the reference white level and has a signal value of 0.5
and the constants a, b, and c are defined as a = 0.17883277, b = 1 - 4a = 0.28466892, and c = 0.5 - a ln(4a) = 0.55991073
The signal value is 0.5 for the reference white level while the signal value for 1 has a
relative luminance that is 12 times higher than the reference white level.[27] ARIB STD-B67 has a nominal range of 0 to 12.[28] HLG uses a logarithmic curve for the upper half of the signal values due to
Weber's law.[27]
is the luminance of a displayed linear component in cd/m2.
is the non-linear electrical signal in the range .
is the variable for user black level lift.
is nominal peak luminance of the display in cd/m2 for achromatic pixels.
is the display luminance for black in cd/m2.
HLG does not need to use
metadata since it is compatible with both
SDR displays and
HDR displays.[1][3] HLG can be used with displays of different
brightness in a wide range of viewing environments.[3]
The
dynamic range that can be perceived by the
human eye in a single image is around 14
stops.[27] An
SDR video display with a 2.4
gamma curve and a
bit depth of 8-bits per sample can display a range of about 6 stops without visible
banding.[27] Professional SDR video displays with a bit depth of 10-bits per sample extend that range to about 10 stops.[27] When HLG is displayed on a 2,000 cd/m2 display with a bit depth of 10-bits per sample it can display a range of 200,000:1 or 17.6 stops without visible banding.[27]
HLG increases the
dynamic range of the video compared to a conventional gamma curve by using a logarithmic curve for the upper half of the signal values.[27] HLG also increases the dynamic range by not including the linear part of the conventional gamma curve used by
Rec. 601 and
Rec. 709.[29] The linear part of the conventional gamma curve was used to limit camera noise in low light video but is no longer needed with
HDR cameras.[29]
HLG is supported in
Rec. 2100 with a nominal peak luminance of 1,000 cd/m2 and a system gamma value that can be adjusted depending on background luminance.[5][30]
HLG is supported in
HEVC with a formula that is mathematically equivalent to ARIB STD-B67 but has a nominal range of 0 to 1 instead of 0 to 12:[28]
where
Lc has a nominal range of 0 to 1 and V is the resulting nonlinear signal
the constants a, b, and c are defined as a = 0.17883277, b = 1 - 4a = 0.28466892, and c = 0.5 - a ln(4a) = 0.55991073
History
Inception
On May 15, 2015, the BBC announced that they had begun work with the NHK to develop a joint HDR proposal that would be proposed to the
International Telecommunication Union (ITU).[31] On June 9, 2015, HLG was proposed to the JCT-VC for
High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) and added to the June 2015 draft of the screen content coding extensions.[32][12]
Later that year,
Sony showed HLG video on a modified HDR display at the
SMPTE 2015 conference.[33][34]Colorfront announced that their Transkoder 2016 software would support HDR output using HLG.[35]LG announced that their 2015 4K
OLED TVs would support HDR from HLG and
perceptual quantizer (PQ).[36]Blackmagic Design released an update for
DaVinci Resolve that added support for HLG.
The
Ultra HD Forum announced their guidelines for UHD Phase A which includes support for HLG.[41][42] The Ultra HD Forum also defined HLG with a bit depth of 10-bits, and the Rec. 2020 color space.[42]
The ITU announced
Rec. 2100 which defines two HDR transfer functions which are HLG and PQ.[5][30]
Digital UK published their 2017 specification for
Freeview Play which includes support for HDR using HLG.[16]
The
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Steering Board approved UHD-1 Phase 2 with an HDR solution that supports HLG and PQ.[6][43] The specification has been published as DVB Bluebook A157 and will be published by the
ETSI as TS 101 154 v2.3.1.[6][43]
HDMI announced that HLG support had been added to the HDMI 2.0b standard.[11][44][45]
Harmonic Inc. released an update for the ViBE 4K UHD encoder that added support for HLG.[47]
Canon Inc. announced that they will release firmware updates for the DP-V2410 and DP-V3010 reference displays to add support for HLG.[48]
Sony announced the PVM-X550 OLED monitor with support for HLG.[49] Sony also announced a firmware update for the BVM-X300 OLED monitor to add support for HLG.[49]
Sony announced that in October they would release a firmware update to add HLG to their BVM-X300 OLED monitor.[50]
Sony announced that their VPL-VW675ES projector would support HLG.[51]
The Trusted Reviews website reported that
Samsung had told them that all of their 2016 HDR TVs could support HLG with a firmware update.[52]
Atomos updated their
Shogun Inferno product to include HLG input and output for recording, monitoring, editing and layout from cameras and computers as well as to HLG compatible TVs.[53]
Dome Productions announced that they will begin trials of HLG to deliver HDR content.[57]
SKY Perfect JSAT Group announced that on October 4 they will start the world's first 4K HDR broadcasts using HLG.[58]
Eutelsat announced that it will launch a new channel using HLG.[59]
Google announced that
YouTube will start streaming HDR videos which can be encoded with HLG or PQ.[60][15]
The
BBC announced that it was adding a 4-minute HLG edit from their
Planet Earth II series to its
BBC iPlayer IPTV platform for public UHD testing.[61]
Mediapro/Overon announced that they will transmit the Spanish Football League (LFP) worldwide using 4K HDR broadcasts based in HLG
2017
Industry bodies:
ATSC released the video standard for
ATSC 3.0 which includes support for HLG.[7]
Hardware:
LG Corporation announced that their 2017 Super UHD TVs will support HLG.[62]
Panasonic announced that their 2017 OLED TV will support HLG.[63]
Sony announced that their 2017 OLED TVs will support HLG.[64]
JVC announced that their 2017 4K projectors will support HLG.[65]
LG Corporation announced that they will add support for HLG to their 2016 OLED TVs and their 2016 Super UHD TVs with a firmware update.[66]
Sony announced that they will add support for HLG to their 2017 4K TVs with a firmware update.[67]
Panasonic announced that they will add support for HLG to several models of their 2016 4K TVs with a firmware update.[68]
Philips announced that their 2017 4K TVs will support HLG and that they will add support for HLG to several models of their 2016 4K TVs with a firmware update.[69]
Sony began releasing firmware updates for several of their 2016 and 2017 Android TV models which adds support for HLG.[70]
Panasonic released firmware update 2.0 for the
Panasonic Lumix DC-GH5 which added support for HLG recording.[71]
Panasonic began releasing firmware updates for several of their 2016 TV models which adds support for HLG.[72]
The BBC announced that
Blue Planet II would be available in 4K HDR on the
BBC iPlayer using HLG.[17] Blue Planet II will be available on the BBC iPlayer service from December 10, 2017 to January 16, 2018.[77] The BBC states that almost 400 TV models have support for HLG which includes TV models from
Finlux,
Hisense, Hitachi, LG, Panasonic, Philips, Samsung, Sony, and Toshiba.[17][77]
DirecTV began broadcasting HLG HDR on their 4K Channels 104 and 106.[18][19]
2018
Vizio announced HLG support for their 2018 models.[78]
2019
Panasonic announced HLG support in their S1 and S1R full frame mirrorless cameras which will be released in March 2019.[79]
2020
Sky UK announced that their popular
Sky Q box will get HLG support from May 27, 2020.[80]
Apple released the
iPhone 12 series with HLG video recording support via
Dolby Vision profile 8.4, which adds a Dolby Vision metadata layer on top of HLG footage.[81]
HLG is an
HDR format that uses the HLG transfer function,
BT.2020color primaries and a
bitdepth of 10-bit.[8] HLG was designed to be
backward compatible with
SDRUHDTV. However, HLG is not intended to be fully backward compatible with traditional SDR displays that cannot interpret BT.2020 colorimetry.[8][9]
Both HLG transfer function and the HLG format are
royalty-free.[2] The backward compatibility allows them to be used with existing transmission standards when the receiver is compatible with the BT.2020 colour container, reducing complexity and cost for both equipment manufacturers and content distributors.[1][10][9] They are supported by
HDMI 2.0b,
HEVC,
VP9, and
H.264/MPEG-4 AVC,[11][12][13][14] and are used by video services such as
BBC iPlayer,
DirecTV,
Freeview Play, and
YouTube.[15][16][17][18][19]
Description
HLG is designed to be better-suited for
television broadcasting, where the metadata required for other HDR formats is not
backward compatible with non-HDR displays, consumes additional
bandwidth, and may also become out-of-sync or damaged in transmission. HLG defines a non-linear
optical-electro transfer function, in which the lower half of the signal values use a
gamma curve and the upper half of the signal values use a
logarithmic curve.[20][21] In practice, the signal is interpreted as normal by
standard-dynamic-range displays (albeit capable of displaying more detail in highlights), but HLG-compatible displays can correctly interpret the logarithmic portion of the signal curve to provide a wider dynamic range.[22][23][24] In contrast with the other HDR formats it does not use metadata.[25]
The HLG
transfer function is backward compatible with
SDR's
gamma curve. However, HLG is commonly used with
Rec. 2020color primaries which produce a de-
saturated image with visible
hue shifts on non-compatible devices.[26] HLG is therefore backward compatible with SDR-
UHDTV and will show color distortion on common SDR devices that only support
Rec. 709 color primaries.[26]
r is the reference white level and has a signal value of 0.5
and the constants a, b, and c are defined as a = 0.17883277, b = 1 - 4a = 0.28466892, and c = 0.5 - a ln(4a) = 0.55991073
The signal value is 0.5 for the reference white level while the signal value for 1 has a
relative luminance that is 12 times higher than the reference white level.[27] ARIB STD-B67 has a nominal range of 0 to 12.[28] HLG uses a logarithmic curve for the upper half of the signal values due to
Weber's law.[27]
is the luminance of a displayed linear component in cd/m2.
is the non-linear electrical signal in the range .
is the variable for user black level lift.
is nominal peak luminance of the display in cd/m2 for achromatic pixels.
is the display luminance for black in cd/m2.
HLG does not need to use
metadata since it is compatible with both
SDR displays and
HDR displays.[1][3] HLG can be used with displays of different
brightness in a wide range of viewing environments.[3]
The
dynamic range that can be perceived by the
human eye in a single image is around 14
stops.[27] An
SDR video display with a 2.4
gamma curve and a
bit depth of 8-bits per sample can display a range of about 6 stops without visible
banding.[27] Professional SDR video displays with a bit depth of 10-bits per sample extend that range to about 10 stops.[27] When HLG is displayed on a 2,000 cd/m2 display with a bit depth of 10-bits per sample it can display a range of 200,000:1 or 17.6 stops without visible banding.[27]
HLG increases the
dynamic range of the video compared to a conventional gamma curve by using a logarithmic curve for the upper half of the signal values.[27] HLG also increases the dynamic range by not including the linear part of the conventional gamma curve used by
Rec. 601 and
Rec. 709.[29] The linear part of the conventional gamma curve was used to limit camera noise in low light video but is no longer needed with
HDR cameras.[29]
HLG is supported in
Rec. 2100 with a nominal peak luminance of 1,000 cd/m2 and a system gamma value that can be adjusted depending on background luminance.[5][30]
HLG is supported in
HEVC with a formula that is mathematically equivalent to ARIB STD-B67 but has a nominal range of 0 to 1 instead of 0 to 12:[28]
where
Lc has a nominal range of 0 to 1 and V is the resulting nonlinear signal
the constants a, b, and c are defined as a = 0.17883277, b = 1 - 4a = 0.28466892, and c = 0.5 - a ln(4a) = 0.55991073
History
Inception
On May 15, 2015, the BBC announced that they had begun work with the NHK to develop a joint HDR proposal that would be proposed to the
International Telecommunication Union (ITU).[31] On June 9, 2015, HLG was proposed to the JCT-VC for
High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) and added to the June 2015 draft of the screen content coding extensions.[32][12]
Later that year,
Sony showed HLG video on a modified HDR display at the
SMPTE 2015 conference.[33][34]Colorfront announced that their Transkoder 2016 software would support HDR output using HLG.[35]LG announced that their 2015 4K
OLED TVs would support HDR from HLG and
perceptual quantizer (PQ).[36]Blackmagic Design released an update for
DaVinci Resolve that added support for HLG.
The
Ultra HD Forum announced their guidelines for UHD Phase A which includes support for HLG.[41][42] The Ultra HD Forum also defined HLG with a bit depth of 10-bits, and the Rec. 2020 color space.[42]
The ITU announced
Rec. 2100 which defines two HDR transfer functions which are HLG and PQ.[5][30]
Digital UK published their 2017 specification for
Freeview Play which includes support for HDR using HLG.[16]
The
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Steering Board approved UHD-1 Phase 2 with an HDR solution that supports HLG and PQ.[6][43] The specification has been published as DVB Bluebook A157 and will be published by the
ETSI as TS 101 154 v2.3.1.[6][43]
HDMI announced that HLG support had been added to the HDMI 2.0b standard.[11][44][45]
Harmonic Inc. released an update for the ViBE 4K UHD encoder that added support for HLG.[47]
Canon Inc. announced that they will release firmware updates for the DP-V2410 and DP-V3010 reference displays to add support for HLG.[48]
Sony announced the PVM-X550 OLED monitor with support for HLG.[49] Sony also announced a firmware update for the BVM-X300 OLED monitor to add support for HLG.[49]
Sony announced that in October they would release a firmware update to add HLG to their BVM-X300 OLED monitor.[50]
Sony announced that their VPL-VW675ES projector would support HLG.[51]
The Trusted Reviews website reported that
Samsung had told them that all of their 2016 HDR TVs could support HLG with a firmware update.[52]
Atomos updated their
Shogun Inferno product to include HLG input and output for recording, monitoring, editing and layout from cameras and computers as well as to HLG compatible TVs.[53]
Dome Productions announced that they will begin trials of HLG to deliver HDR content.[57]
SKY Perfect JSAT Group announced that on October 4 they will start the world's first 4K HDR broadcasts using HLG.[58]
Eutelsat announced that it will launch a new channel using HLG.[59]
Google announced that
YouTube will start streaming HDR videos which can be encoded with HLG or PQ.[60][15]
The
BBC announced that it was adding a 4-minute HLG edit from their
Planet Earth II series to its
BBC iPlayer IPTV platform for public UHD testing.[61]
Mediapro/Overon announced that they will transmit the Spanish Football League (LFP) worldwide using 4K HDR broadcasts based in HLG
2017
Industry bodies:
ATSC released the video standard for
ATSC 3.0 which includes support for HLG.[7]
Hardware:
LG Corporation announced that their 2017 Super UHD TVs will support HLG.[62]
Panasonic announced that their 2017 OLED TV will support HLG.[63]
Sony announced that their 2017 OLED TVs will support HLG.[64]
JVC announced that their 2017 4K projectors will support HLG.[65]
LG Corporation announced that they will add support for HLG to their 2016 OLED TVs and their 2016 Super UHD TVs with a firmware update.[66]
Sony announced that they will add support for HLG to their 2017 4K TVs with a firmware update.[67]
Panasonic announced that they will add support for HLG to several models of their 2016 4K TVs with a firmware update.[68]
Philips announced that their 2017 4K TVs will support HLG and that they will add support for HLG to several models of their 2016 4K TVs with a firmware update.[69]
Sony began releasing firmware updates for several of their 2016 and 2017 Android TV models which adds support for HLG.[70]
Panasonic released firmware update 2.0 for the
Panasonic Lumix DC-GH5 which added support for HLG recording.[71]
Panasonic began releasing firmware updates for several of their 2016 TV models which adds support for HLG.[72]
The BBC announced that
Blue Planet II would be available in 4K HDR on the
BBC iPlayer using HLG.[17] Blue Planet II will be available on the BBC iPlayer service from December 10, 2017 to January 16, 2018.[77] The BBC states that almost 400 TV models have support for HLG which includes TV models from
Finlux,
Hisense, Hitachi, LG, Panasonic, Philips, Samsung, Sony, and Toshiba.[17][77]
DirecTV began broadcasting HLG HDR on their 4K Channels 104 and 106.[18][19]
2018
Vizio announced HLG support for their 2018 models.[78]
2019
Panasonic announced HLG support in their S1 and S1R full frame mirrorless cameras which will be released in March 2019.[79]
2020
Sky UK announced that their popular
Sky Q box will get HLG support from May 27, 2020.[80]
Apple released the
iPhone 12 series with HLG video recording support via
Dolby Vision profile 8.4, which adds a Dolby Vision metadata layer on top of HLG footage.[81]