^Stubbs, A.; Drake, M. (2001). British Soldierflies and Their Allies: A Field Guide to the Larger British Brachycera. British Entomological & Natural History Society. pp. 512 pp.
ISBN1-899935-04-5.
^Fairchild, G.B.; Burger, J.F. (1994). "A catalog of the Tabanidae (Diptera) of the Americas south of the United States". Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. 55: vii + 249.
Arnett, Ross H. Jr. (2000). American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico. Vol. 2nd Edition. CRC Press.
ISBN0-8493-0212-9.
Burger, J.F. (1995). Catalog of Tabanidae (Diptera) in North America north of Mexico. Associated Publishers.
ISBN156665064X.
Charles, H. Curran (1934). The families and genera of North American Diptera. New York: Ballou Press.
doi:10.5962/bhl.title.6825.
Goodwin, J.T.; Drees, B.M. (1996). "The horse and deer flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of Texas". Southwestern Entomologist. Supplement (20). Southwestern Entomological Society.
McAlpine, J.F.; Petersen, B.V.; Shewell, G.E.; Teskey, H.J.; et al. (1987). Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Research Branch Agriculture Canada.
ISBN978-0660121253.
Teskey, H.J. (1990). "The horse flies and deer flies of Canada and Alaska (Diptera: Tabanidae)". The insects and arachnids of Canada, Pt. 16. Ottawa. Agriculture Canada.
ISBN978-0660132822.
^Stubbs, A.; Drake, M. (2001). British Soldierflies and Their Allies: A Field Guide to the Larger British Brachycera. British Entomological & Natural History Society. pp. 512 pp.
ISBN1-899935-04-5.
^Fairchild, G.B.; Burger, J.F. (1994). "A catalog of the Tabanidae (Diptera) of the Americas south of the United States". Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. 55: vii + 249.
Arnett, Ross H. Jr. (2000). American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico. Vol. 2nd Edition. CRC Press.
ISBN0-8493-0212-9.
Burger, J.F. (1995). Catalog of Tabanidae (Diptera) in North America north of Mexico. Associated Publishers.
ISBN156665064X.
Charles, H. Curran (1934). The families and genera of North American Diptera. New York: Ballou Press.
doi:10.5962/bhl.title.6825.
Goodwin, J.T.; Drees, B.M. (1996). "The horse and deer flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) of Texas". Southwestern Entomologist. Supplement (20). Southwestern Entomological Society.
McAlpine, J.F.; Petersen, B.V.; Shewell, G.E.; Teskey, H.J.; et al. (1987). Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Research Branch Agriculture Canada.
ISBN978-0660121253.
Teskey, H.J. (1990). "The horse flies and deer flies of Canada and Alaska (Diptera: Tabanidae)". The insects and arachnids of Canada, Pt. 16. Ottawa. Agriculture Canada.
ISBN978-0660132822.