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'''Hiroshi Motoyama''' (born December 15 1925) is a [[Japan|Japanese]] [[parapsychologist]], scientist, spiritual instructor and author whose primary topic is spiritual self-cultivation and the relationship between the mind and body therein. In doing so, he emphasizes the [[meditation|meditative]] practices of [[Samkhya]]/[[Yoga]], [[karma]], [[reincarnation]] and Hindu theories of [[chakra|the chakras]]. Dr. Motoyama is also the founder of the [[ California Institute for Human Science]]. He holds Ph.D. degrees in Philosophy and [[Physiological psychology]] from the [[Tokyo University of Literature and Science]].

==Theory and Method==

Dr. Motoyama's philosophical system is based directly upon his experiences of meditation and feels that no individual philosophical system is without its faults. Because of this, his philosophy appears to be an eclectic blend of seemingly disparate philosophies, but this is far from the case. His system is centralized upon Samkhya philosophy due to its explanatory efficacy, but primarily because of its utilization by [[Patañjali]]<ref>Awakening of the Chakras and Emancipation, p. 27.</ref>. Because of the attention to detail found in the [[Yoga Sutras of Patanjali]], Dr. Motoyama emphasizes yoga's eight eight steps of yogic training<ref>Toward a Superconsciousness: Meditational Theory and Practice.</ref>. However, he broadens the scope of samkhya here, extending the ultimate (the isolated [[Purusha]]) beyond the limitations of being. Borrowing from Nishida, Dr. Motoyama uses the term "[[Kitaro Nishida#Philosophy | ''basho'']] to define the field that sustains being itself<ref>Being and the Logic of Interactive Function</ref>. This ''basho'' is beyond the categories of being/non-being and birth/death. One who abandons individuality itself becomes a ''basho-being'' by completely annihilating themselves. This is very much in line with the Buddhist [[Jhāna]]s and the [[Mahayana]] notion of [[Śūnyatā]]. Thus, ''basho-being'' is roughly synonomoys with "buddha." The ''basho'' is the limit of and that which sustains our universe, beyond which, Dr. Motoyama states, is God. In brief, Dr. Motoyama's system is a synthesis of Samkhya (atheistic), Buddhism (non-theistic) and Shinto (theism) that incorporates yogic cultivation, the energy systems of the body-mind as well as faith in God.

==Selected English Publications==

*Science and the Evolution of Religion: The Way to World Religion. Translated by Arthur H. Thornhill III. (2009)

*Karma and Reincarnation: The key to Spiritual Evolution & Enlightenment. Translated by Rande Brown Ouch. (2009)

*Being and the Logic of Interactive Function. Translated by Shigenori Nagatomo & John W. M. Krummel. (2009)

*Motoyama Meridian Exercises for Ki Practice with Kiyomi Kuratani. (2009)

*Varieties of Mystical Experience I: Path to Self-Realization (Volume 1). (2006)

*What Is Religion?; Religion for a Global Society. Translated by Lee Seaman. (2006)

*Awakening of the Chakras and Emancipation. (2003)

*Religion and Humanity for a Global Society. Translated by Shigenori Nagatomo & David E. Shaner. (2001)

*Comparisons of Diagnostic Methods in Western & Eastern Medicine: A Correlation Between KI Energy And Environmental Conditions. Translated by? (1999)

*Measurements of Ki Energy Diagnoses & Treatments: Treatment principles of Oriental Medicine from an Electrophysiological Viewpoint. (1997)

*A Study of Yoga from Eastern & Western Medical Viewpoints. (1993)

*Toward a Superconsciousness: Meditational Theory and Practice. Translated by Shigenori Nagatomo & Cliffor R. Ames. (1990)

*Theories of the Chakras: Bridge to Higher Consciousness. (1988)

*Science and the evolution of consciousness: Chakras, ki, and psi. Translated by Rande Brown. (1978)

*Hypnosis and Religious Super-Consciousness. (1971)

*The Correlation Between Psi Energy and Ki: Unification of Religion and Science. (1971)

==References==

* [http://www.cihs.edu/cihs/Dr_Motoyama_bio.htm California Institute of Human Science Website - Biography]

* [http://www.sciandmed.com/sm/journalviewer.aspx?issue=1043&article=587 Science & Medicine: Volume 6 Number 4: Page 48 (August 1999). Article on application of AMI.]

* [http://www.spiritual.com.au/articles/healing/energeticmedicine_share.htm A short interview with Dr. Motoyama from ''Spiritual.com'']

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[[Category:Living people]]

[[Category:yoga]]

[[Category:samkhya]]

[[Category:shinto]]

[[Category:qi]]

[[Category:parapsychology]]

[[Category:psychic]]

[[Category:Patañjali]]

[[Category:chakras]]

[[Category:meditation]]

[[Category:Indologists]]

[[Category:Buddhist writers]]