Herzegovina Uprising (1852ā1862) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Location | Southeastern Herzegovina,
Bosnia Eyalet,
Ottoman Empire | ||
Resulted in | Ottoman victory | ||
Parties | |||
| |||
Lead figures | |||
Luka VukaloviÄ |
The Herzegovina uprising ( Serbian: Š„ŠµŃŃŠµŠ³Š¾Š²Š°ŃŠŗŠø ŃŃŃŠ°Š½Š°Šŗ), also known as VukaloviÄ's Uprising, was an uprising fought by ethnic Serbs in the Herzegovina region against the Ottoman Empire between 1852 and 1862. It was led by chieftain Luka VukaloviÄ. [1]
After the execution of Ali-paÅ”a RizvanbegoviÄ, who had made efforts to promote agriculture and recuperate the economy of the Herzegovina Eyalet under his rule, the eyalet was abolished and yet again merged into the Bosnia Eyalet.
In March 1852, Ottoman general Omar Pasha, decided to disarm the Herzegovinians, which sparked an outrage in the region. The chieftain of the Herzegovinians was Luka VukaloviÄ. The refusal of giving up arms resulted in minor fights between Herzegovians and Bosniak Muslims, which in turn resulted in an uprising, which VukaloviÄ would lead.
The uprising began in winter 1852/53, when the Grahovljani, Banjani and Drobnjaci refused to pay the Muslims debt (HaraÄ/Jizya). As the actions against Montenegro by the Ottomans began, the East Herzegovinian clans fought alongside Montenegrins. Although there weren't major actions in the period of 1853ā57, there wasnāt peace. Austria evidently interfered in the actions of VukaloviÄ, as it would help Montenegro, and the French consulates followed the uprising. The uprising was boosted in December 1857, after Knez Danilo started backing the rebels, bitter at the Porte because of its statements in the Paris Congress in 1856.
After the Battle of Grahovac on May 1, 1858, when Montenegrin and Herzegovinian rebels defeated the Turks, Knez Danilo titled VukaloviÄ the voivode of Zubac, KruÅ”evica, DraÄevica and Sutorina, giving him some autonomy.
The Porte agreed on appeasement, it carried out a border with Montenegro, thus recognizing the independence of Montenegro. As the great part of East Herzegovina, except Grahovo, part of Banjani, Drobnjaci, Župa and NikÅ”iÄ Rudina was left under Ottoman rule, VukaloviÄ continued the uprising. This strongly echoed in Bosnia, in particular the revolts in Bosanska Krajina and Posavina in 1858. Afraid that the uprising would spill over in its territory, Austria increased its tackling of VukaloviÄ, helping in different ways even the Turks.
VukaloviÄ in his requests didn't only deal with economical problems of Herzegovina, but marking the fight for national liberation, seeking for Herzegovina to join Montenegro. This character of uprising sparked the interest of the great powers of Europe, whom consulate representatives worked on giving VukaloviÄ to the Ottoman government. VukaloviÄ continued fighting against the Turks, and after the violent death of Knez Danilo in 1860, inspired by the unification of Italy which was led by Garibaldi.
Since 1861, Omer-paÅ”a tried in many ways to end the uprising, unsuccessfully. But when Montenegro, after a defeat to the Turk in August 1862, promised that it wouldn't help the rebel movement in Herzegovina, VukaloviÄ understood this as the people had been strained and then wrote to Omer-paÅ”a, who promised amnesty for all rebels.
Omer-paÅ”a promised VukaloviÄ that he would continue his office as voivode of Zubac, KruÅ”evica, DraÄevica and Sutorina, but this was not held, he instead appointed him bimbaÅ”a of 500 pandurs who would secure peace along the borders. When he saw that the Ottomans didn't give their promises of relief on feudal duties and tax cuts, he tried in 1865 to once again start an uprising, but without any help, was unsuccessful. VukaloviÄ left his birthplace and migrated to Russia, where he died in 1873.
This article includes a
list of references,
related reading, or
external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
inline citations. (January 2016) |
Herzegovina Uprising (1852ā1862) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Location | Southeastern Herzegovina,
Bosnia Eyalet,
Ottoman Empire | ||
Resulted in | Ottoman victory | ||
Parties | |||
| |||
Lead figures | |||
Luka VukaloviÄ |
The Herzegovina uprising ( Serbian: Š„ŠµŃŃŠµŠ³Š¾Š²Š°ŃŠŗŠø ŃŃŃŠ°Š½Š°Šŗ), also known as VukaloviÄ's Uprising, was an uprising fought by ethnic Serbs in the Herzegovina region against the Ottoman Empire between 1852 and 1862. It was led by chieftain Luka VukaloviÄ. [1]
After the execution of Ali-paÅ”a RizvanbegoviÄ, who had made efforts to promote agriculture and recuperate the economy of the Herzegovina Eyalet under his rule, the eyalet was abolished and yet again merged into the Bosnia Eyalet.
In March 1852, Ottoman general Omar Pasha, decided to disarm the Herzegovinians, which sparked an outrage in the region. The chieftain of the Herzegovinians was Luka VukaloviÄ. The refusal of giving up arms resulted in minor fights between Herzegovians and Bosniak Muslims, which in turn resulted in an uprising, which VukaloviÄ would lead.
The uprising began in winter 1852/53, when the Grahovljani, Banjani and Drobnjaci refused to pay the Muslims debt (HaraÄ/Jizya). As the actions against Montenegro by the Ottomans began, the East Herzegovinian clans fought alongside Montenegrins. Although there weren't major actions in the period of 1853ā57, there wasnāt peace. Austria evidently interfered in the actions of VukaloviÄ, as it would help Montenegro, and the French consulates followed the uprising. The uprising was boosted in December 1857, after Knez Danilo started backing the rebels, bitter at the Porte because of its statements in the Paris Congress in 1856.
After the Battle of Grahovac on May 1, 1858, when Montenegrin and Herzegovinian rebels defeated the Turks, Knez Danilo titled VukaloviÄ the voivode of Zubac, KruÅ”evica, DraÄevica and Sutorina, giving him some autonomy.
The Porte agreed on appeasement, it carried out a border with Montenegro, thus recognizing the independence of Montenegro. As the great part of East Herzegovina, except Grahovo, part of Banjani, Drobnjaci, Župa and NikÅ”iÄ Rudina was left under Ottoman rule, VukaloviÄ continued the uprising. This strongly echoed in Bosnia, in particular the revolts in Bosanska Krajina and Posavina in 1858. Afraid that the uprising would spill over in its territory, Austria increased its tackling of VukaloviÄ, helping in different ways even the Turks.
VukaloviÄ in his requests didn't only deal with economical problems of Herzegovina, but marking the fight for national liberation, seeking for Herzegovina to join Montenegro. This character of uprising sparked the interest of the great powers of Europe, whom consulate representatives worked on giving VukaloviÄ to the Ottoman government. VukaloviÄ continued fighting against the Turks, and after the violent death of Knez Danilo in 1860, inspired by the unification of Italy which was led by Garibaldi.
Since 1861, Omer-paÅ”a tried in many ways to end the uprising, unsuccessfully. But when Montenegro, after a defeat to the Turk in August 1862, promised that it wouldn't help the rebel movement in Herzegovina, VukaloviÄ understood this as the people had been strained and then wrote to Omer-paÅ”a, who promised amnesty for all rebels.
Omer-paÅ”a promised VukaloviÄ that he would continue his office as voivode of Zubac, KruÅ”evica, DraÄevica and Sutorina, but this was not held, he instead appointed him bimbaÅ”a of 500 pandurs who would secure peace along the borders. When he saw that the Ottomans didn't give their promises of relief on feudal duties and tax cuts, he tried in 1865 to once again start an uprising, but without any help, was unsuccessful. VukaloviÄ left his birthplace and migrated to Russia, where he died in 1873.
This article includes a
list of references,
related reading, or
external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
inline citations. (January 2016) |