The Helwan retouch was a bifacial microlithic flint-tool fabrication technology characteristic of the Early Natufian culture in the Levant, a region in the Eastern Mediterranean (12,500 BP – 11,000 BP) such as the Harifian culture. [1]: 172–3 The decline of the Helwan Retouch was largely replaced by the "backing" technique and coincided with the emergence of microburin methods, which involved snapping bladelets on an anvil. [2] [1]: 172–3 Natufian lithic technology throughout the usage of the Helwan Retouch was dominated by lunate-shaped lithics, such as picks and axes [1]: 167 and especially sickles (which were predominantly—at least 80% of the time—used for harvesting wild cereals). [3]
References
- ^ a b c Belfer-Cohen, Anna (1991). "The Natufian in the Levant". Annual Review of Anthropology. 20 (1): 167–186. doi: 10.1146/annurev.an.20.100191.001123. ISSN 0084-6570.
- ^ Ofer Bar-Yosef, ASIA, WEST | Palaeolithic Cultures. In: Deborah M. Pearsall, Editor(s)-in-Chief, Encyclopedia of Archaeology, Academic Press, New York, 2008, pp. 873, 978012
- ^ Unger-Hamilton, Romana. The Epi-Palaeolithic Southern Levant and the Origins of Cultivation. Current Anthropology, Vol. 30, No. 1 (Feb., 1989), pp. 95, 96
The Helwan retouch was a bifacial microlithic flint-tool fabrication technology characteristic of the Early Natufian culture in the Levant, a region in the Eastern Mediterranean (12,500 BP – 11,000 BP) such as the Harifian culture. [1]: 172–3 The decline of the Helwan Retouch was largely replaced by the "backing" technique and coincided with the emergence of microburin methods, which involved snapping bladelets on an anvil. [2] [1]: 172–3 Natufian lithic technology throughout the usage of the Helwan Retouch was dominated by lunate-shaped lithics, such as picks and axes [1]: 167 and especially sickles (which were predominantly—at least 80% of the time—used for harvesting wild cereals). [3]
References
- ^ a b c Belfer-Cohen, Anna (1991). "The Natufian in the Levant". Annual Review of Anthropology. 20 (1): 167–186. doi: 10.1146/annurev.an.20.100191.001123. ISSN 0084-6570.
- ^ Ofer Bar-Yosef, ASIA, WEST | Palaeolithic Cultures. In: Deborah M. Pearsall, Editor(s)-in-Chief, Encyclopedia of Archaeology, Academic Press, New York, 2008, pp. 873, 978012
- ^ Unger-Hamilton, Romana. The Epi-Palaeolithic Southern Levant and the Origins of Cultivation. Current Anthropology, Vol. 30, No. 1 (Feb., 1989), pp. 95, 96