From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Heliocybe
Heliocybe sulcata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Division:
Class:
Order:
Family:
Genus:
Heliocybe

Redhead & Ginns (1985)
Type species
Heliocybe sulcata
( Berk.) Redhead & Ginns (1985)

Heliocybe is an agaric genus [1] closely allied to Neolentinus and the bracket fungus, Gloeophyllum, all of which cause brown rot of wood. [2] [3] Heliocybe sulcata, the type and sole species, is characterized by thumb-sized, tough, revivable, often dried, mushroom fruitbodies, with a tanned symmetric pileus that is radially cracked into a cartoon sun-like pattern of arranged scales and ridges, distant serrated lamellae, and a scaly central stipe. Microscopically it differs from Neolentinus by the absence of clamp connections. Like Neolentinus, it produces abundant, conspicuous pleurocystidia. Heliocybe sulcata typically fruits on decorticated, sun-dried and cracked wood, such as fence posts and rails, vineyard trellises in Europe, branches in slash areas, and semi-arid areas such on sagebrush or on naio branches in rain shadow areas of Hawaii, or in open pine forests. [4] [5] [6] [7]

Etymology

Heliocybe derives from the Greek helios (= the sun) and cybe (=head), and means "the sun-head". It was coined in reference to its sun-like pattern on its pileus together with its affinity to sun-baked habitats.[ citation needed]

Classification

In older classifications, H. sulcata [1] was known as Lentinus sulcatus or Panus fulvidus. However, there is strong phylogenetic evidence for the segregation of a group of brown rot causing fungi at the level of order, including Neolentinus and Heliocybe and Gloeophyllum, from the Polyporales where Lentinus and Panus are classified. [2] [3] [8] [9] [10] Heliocybe has also been placed into synonymy with Neolentinus, but anatomically they differ by the absence versus the presence of clamp connections [1] and phylogenetically Heliocybe is distinct, being either a sister group to Neolentinus or to a Neolentinus-Gloeophyllum-clade, or allied to Gloeophyllum odoratum. [2] [3] [9] [10]

References

  1. ^ a b Redhead, S.A.; Ginns, J.H. (1985). "A reappraisal of agaric genera associated with brown rots of wood". Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan. 26: 349–381.
  2. ^ a b c Thorn, R.G.; et al. (2000). "Phylogenetic analyses and the distribution of nematophagy support monophyletic Pleurotaceae within the polyphyletic pleurotoid-lentinoid fungi". Mycologia. 92 (2). Mycologia, Vol. 92, No. 2: 241–252. doi: 10.2307/3761557. JSTOR  3761557.
  3. ^ a b c Hibbett, D.S.; Donoghue, M.J. (2001). "Analysis of character correlations among wood decay mechanisms, mating systems, and substrate ranges in Homobasidiomycetes". Syst. Biol. 50 (2): 215–242. doi: 10.1080/10635150151125879. PMID  12116929.
  4. ^ Redhead, S.A. (1989). "A biogeographical overview of the Canadian mushroom flora". Can. J. Bot. 67 (10): 3003–3062. doi: 10.1139/b89-384.
  5. ^ Schalkwijk-Barendsen, H.M.E. (1991). "Mushrooms of western Canada". {{ cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= ( help)
  6. ^ Evenson, V.S. (1997). "Mushrooms of Colorado and the southern Rocky Mountains". {{ cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= ( help)
  7. ^ Hemmes, D.E.; Desjardin, D.E. (2002). "An identification guide – mushrooms of Hawai'i". {{ cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= ( help)
  8. ^ Hibbett, D.S.; Binder, M. (2002). "Evolution of complex fruiting-body morphologies in homobasidiomycetes". Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 269 (1504): 1963–1969. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2002.2123. PMC  1691125. PMID  12396494.
  9. ^ a b Binder, M.; et al. (2005). "The phylogenetic distribution of resupinate forms across the major clades of mushroom-forming fungi (Homobasidiomycetes)". Syst. Biodivers. 3 (2): 113–157. doi: 10.1017/S1477200005001623. S2CID  13102957.
  10. ^ a b García-Sandoval R; Wang Z; Binder M; Hibbett DS. (2011). "Molecular phylogenetics of the Gloeophyllales and relative ages of clades of Agaricomycotina producing a brown rot". Mycologia. 103 (3): 510–524. doi: 10.3852/10-209. PMID  21186327. S2CID  9801943.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Heliocybe
Heliocybe sulcata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Division:
Class:
Order:
Family:
Genus:
Heliocybe

Redhead & Ginns (1985)
Type species
Heliocybe sulcata
( Berk.) Redhead & Ginns (1985)

Heliocybe is an agaric genus [1] closely allied to Neolentinus and the bracket fungus, Gloeophyllum, all of which cause brown rot of wood. [2] [3] Heliocybe sulcata, the type and sole species, is characterized by thumb-sized, tough, revivable, often dried, mushroom fruitbodies, with a tanned symmetric pileus that is radially cracked into a cartoon sun-like pattern of arranged scales and ridges, distant serrated lamellae, and a scaly central stipe. Microscopically it differs from Neolentinus by the absence of clamp connections. Like Neolentinus, it produces abundant, conspicuous pleurocystidia. Heliocybe sulcata typically fruits on decorticated, sun-dried and cracked wood, such as fence posts and rails, vineyard trellises in Europe, branches in slash areas, and semi-arid areas such on sagebrush or on naio branches in rain shadow areas of Hawaii, or in open pine forests. [4] [5] [6] [7]

Etymology

Heliocybe derives from the Greek helios (= the sun) and cybe (=head), and means "the sun-head". It was coined in reference to its sun-like pattern on its pileus together with its affinity to sun-baked habitats.[ citation needed]

Classification

In older classifications, H. sulcata [1] was known as Lentinus sulcatus or Panus fulvidus. However, there is strong phylogenetic evidence for the segregation of a group of brown rot causing fungi at the level of order, including Neolentinus and Heliocybe and Gloeophyllum, from the Polyporales where Lentinus and Panus are classified. [2] [3] [8] [9] [10] Heliocybe has also been placed into synonymy with Neolentinus, but anatomically they differ by the absence versus the presence of clamp connections [1] and phylogenetically Heliocybe is distinct, being either a sister group to Neolentinus or to a Neolentinus-Gloeophyllum-clade, or allied to Gloeophyllum odoratum. [2] [3] [9] [10]

References

  1. ^ a b Redhead, S.A.; Ginns, J.H. (1985). "A reappraisal of agaric genera associated with brown rots of wood". Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan. 26: 349–381.
  2. ^ a b c Thorn, R.G.; et al. (2000). "Phylogenetic analyses and the distribution of nematophagy support monophyletic Pleurotaceae within the polyphyletic pleurotoid-lentinoid fungi". Mycologia. 92 (2). Mycologia, Vol. 92, No. 2: 241–252. doi: 10.2307/3761557. JSTOR  3761557.
  3. ^ a b c Hibbett, D.S.; Donoghue, M.J. (2001). "Analysis of character correlations among wood decay mechanisms, mating systems, and substrate ranges in Homobasidiomycetes". Syst. Biol. 50 (2): 215–242. doi: 10.1080/10635150151125879. PMID  12116929.
  4. ^ Redhead, S.A. (1989). "A biogeographical overview of the Canadian mushroom flora". Can. J. Bot. 67 (10): 3003–3062. doi: 10.1139/b89-384.
  5. ^ Schalkwijk-Barendsen, H.M.E. (1991). "Mushrooms of western Canada". {{ cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= ( help)
  6. ^ Evenson, V.S. (1997). "Mushrooms of Colorado and the southern Rocky Mountains". {{ cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= ( help)
  7. ^ Hemmes, D.E.; Desjardin, D.E. (2002). "An identification guide – mushrooms of Hawai'i". {{ cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= ( help)
  8. ^ Hibbett, D.S.; Binder, M. (2002). "Evolution of complex fruiting-body morphologies in homobasidiomycetes". Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 269 (1504): 1963–1969. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2002.2123. PMC  1691125. PMID  12396494.
  9. ^ a b Binder, M.; et al. (2005). "The phylogenetic distribution of resupinate forms across the major clades of mushroom-forming fungi (Homobasidiomycetes)". Syst. Biodivers. 3 (2): 113–157. doi: 10.1017/S1477200005001623. S2CID  13102957.
  10. ^ a b García-Sandoval R; Wang Z; Binder M; Hibbett DS. (2011). "Molecular phylogenetics of the Gloeophyllales and relative ages of clades of Agaricomycotina producing a brown rot". Mycologia. 103 (3): 510–524. doi: 10.3852/10-209. PMID  21186327. S2CID  9801943.

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