The Hasandong Formation (
Korean: 하산동층;
Hanja: 霞山洞層;
RR: Hasandong-cheung) is an
Early Cretaceous (
Aptian to
Albian) geologic
formation in
South Korea. It has been dated to the late Aptian and earliest Albian, between 118.0 ± 2.6 Ma and 112.4 ± 1.3 Ma.[1]Dinosaur remains have been discovered from this formation, though no genus is considered valid as of 2016.[2] Other reptiles from the formation include the
adocid turtle Proadocus and possibly the
pterosaurDsungaripterus.[3][4][5]
Fossil content
Invertebrate fossils
Few fragments of
insects have been discovered from the formation.[6]
Consists of 6 genera and 9 species. The assemblage of plant fossils from the Hasandong represents the 'mixed' type of Tetori-type and Ryoseki-type flora.
^Lee, Tae-Ho; Park, Kye-Hun; Yi, Keewook (October 2018). "Nature and evolution of the Cretaceous basins in the eastern margin of Eurasia: A case study of the Gyeongsang Basin, SE Korea". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 166: 19–31.
Bibcode:
2018JAESc.166...19L.
doi:
10.1016/j.jseaes.2018.07.004.
S2CID135061525.
^
abKim, D. H.; Lee, Y.-N.; Ko, H.; Park, J.-Y.; Kim, S.-H.; Lee, S.; Jung, S.-H.; Kong, D.-Y. (2023). "The first adocid turtle in South Korea (Lower Cretaceous) and the early evolution of the Adocidae". Cretaceous Research. 151. 105665.
Bibcode:
2023CrRes.15105665K.
doi:
10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105665.
^
abYang, S.Y. (2015). "Study history and research ethics of the dinosaur, pterosaur and bird tracks from Korea". Journal of the Geological Society of Korea. 51 (2): 127–140.
doi:
10.14770/jgsk.2015.51.2.127.
^Isaji, S. (2023). "Molluscan Faunal Changes from Brackish to Freshwater Deposits in the Lower Cretaceous Itsuki Formation of the Tetori Group, Japan". Paleontological Research. 28 (1): 1–25.
doi:
10.2517/PR220022.
S2CID257962930.
^Hayashi, K. (2006). "Nonmarine ostracode zonation and long-distance correlation based on analysis of regional ostracode successions in China, Korea, Japan, and Mongolia". Cretaceous Research. 27 (2): 168–188.
Bibcode:
2006CrRes..27..168H.
doi:
10.1016/j.cretres.2005.11.007.
^Qin, Z.-H.; Xi, D.-P.; Choi, B.-D.; Ye, Y.-Q.; Wan, X.-Q. (2021). "Lowermost occurrence of ostracod Cypridea species in East Asia and implications for the non-marine Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary". Palaeoworld. 30 (1): 148–168.
doi:
10.1016/j.palwor.2020.04.003.
^Yun, Cheol-Soo; Baek, Kwang-Seok; Jeong, Young-Hyeon (2007). "Cretaceous reptilian teeth from the Gyeongsang Basin". Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea. 23 (1): 27–47.
^Lee, Hang-Jae. A New Protosuchian (Archosauria: Crocodyliformes) Skull from the Hasandong Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of Hadong, Korea. Master's thesis, Chungnam National University, 2005.
^Yun, Chan-Gyu (2021). "Boreopterid pterosaur fossils from South Korea reconsidered". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 82: 567–568.
^Lee, Yuong-Nam (2007). "New theropod teeth from the Juji Island (Hasandong Formation), Daedo-ri, Hadong County, South Gyeongsang Province". Journal of the Geological Society of Korea. 43 (2): 151–166.
^Lee, Yuong-Nam; Lee, Hang-Jae (2007). "The first ornithopod tooth in Korea". Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea. 23 (213–225).
^Lee, Yuong-Nam; Yang, Seong-Young; Park, Eun-Ju (1997). "Sauropod dinosaur remains from the Gyeongsang Supergroup, Korea". Paleontological Society of Korea Special Publication. 2: 103–114.
^Park, Eun-Ju; Yang, Seong-Young; Currie, Phillip J. (2000). "Early Cretaceous dinosaur teeth of Korea". Paleontological Society of Korea Special Publication. 4: 85–98.
^Z. Dong, I. S. Paik, and H. J. Kim. 2001. A preliminary report on a sauropod from the Hasandong Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Korea. In T. Deng, Y. Wang (eds.), Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Chinese Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 41-53.
^Yun, Cheol-Soo; Yang, Seong-Young (1997). "Dinosaur eggshells from the Hasandong Formation, Gyeongsang Supergroup, Korea". Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea. 13 (1): 21~36.
^
abcdefghijklKim, J.Y.; Pickerill, R. (2002). "Cretaceous Nonmarine Trace Fossils from the Hasandong and Jinju Formations of the Namhae Area, Kyongsangnamdo, Southeast Korea". Ichnos. 9 (1–2): 41–60.
doi:
10.1080/10420940190034076.
The Hasandong Formation (
Korean: 하산동층;
Hanja: 霞山洞層;
RR: Hasandong-cheung) is an
Early Cretaceous (
Aptian to
Albian) geologic
formation in
South Korea. It has been dated to the late Aptian and earliest Albian, between 118.0 ± 2.6 Ma and 112.4 ± 1.3 Ma.[1]Dinosaur remains have been discovered from this formation, though no genus is considered valid as of 2016.[2] Other reptiles from the formation include the
adocid turtle Proadocus and possibly the
pterosaurDsungaripterus.[3][4][5]
Fossil content
Invertebrate fossils
Few fragments of
insects have been discovered from the formation.[6]
Consists of 6 genera and 9 species. The assemblage of plant fossils from the Hasandong represents the 'mixed' type of Tetori-type and Ryoseki-type flora.
^Lee, Tae-Ho; Park, Kye-Hun; Yi, Keewook (October 2018). "Nature and evolution of the Cretaceous basins in the eastern margin of Eurasia: A case study of the Gyeongsang Basin, SE Korea". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 166: 19–31.
Bibcode:
2018JAESc.166...19L.
doi:
10.1016/j.jseaes.2018.07.004.
S2CID135061525.
^
abKim, D. H.; Lee, Y.-N.; Ko, H.; Park, J.-Y.; Kim, S.-H.; Lee, S.; Jung, S.-H.; Kong, D.-Y. (2023). "The first adocid turtle in South Korea (Lower Cretaceous) and the early evolution of the Adocidae". Cretaceous Research. 151. 105665.
Bibcode:
2023CrRes.15105665K.
doi:
10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105665.
^
abYang, S.Y. (2015). "Study history and research ethics of the dinosaur, pterosaur and bird tracks from Korea". Journal of the Geological Society of Korea. 51 (2): 127–140.
doi:
10.14770/jgsk.2015.51.2.127.
^Isaji, S. (2023). "Molluscan Faunal Changes from Brackish to Freshwater Deposits in the Lower Cretaceous Itsuki Formation of the Tetori Group, Japan". Paleontological Research. 28 (1): 1–25.
doi:
10.2517/PR220022.
S2CID257962930.
^Hayashi, K. (2006). "Nonmarine ostracode zonation and long-distance correlation based on analysis of regional ostracode successions in China, Korea, Japan, and Mongolia". Cretaceous Research. 27 (2): 168–188.
Bibcode:
2006CrRes..27..168H.
doi:
10.1016/j.cretres.2005.11.007.
^Qin, Z.-H.; Xi, D.-P.; Choi, B.-D.; Ye, Y.-Q.; Wan, X.-Q. (2021). "Lowermost occurrence of ostracod Cypridea species in East Asia and implications for the non-marine Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary". Palaeoworld. 30 (1): 148–168.
doi:
10.1016/j.palwor.2020.04.003.
^Yun, Cheol-Soo; Baek, Kwang-Seok; Jeong, Young-Hyeon (2007). "Cretaceous reptilian teeth from the Gyeongsang Basin". Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea. 23 (1): 27–47.
^Lee, Hang-Jae. A New Protosuchian (Archosauria: Crocodyliformes) Skull from the Hasandong Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of Hadong, Korea. Master's thesis, Chungnam National University, 2005.
^Yun, Chan-Gyu (2021). "Boreopterid pterosaur fossils from South Korea reconsidered". New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 82: 567–568.
^Lee, Yuong-Nam (2007). "New theropod teeth from the Juji Island (Hasandong Formation), Daedo-ri, Hadong County, South Gyeongsang Province". Journal of the Geological Society of Korea. 43 (2): 151–166.
^Lee, Yuong-Nam; Lee, Hang-Jae (2007). "The first ornithopod tooth in Korea". Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea. 23 (213–225).
^Lee, Yuong-Nam; Yang, Seong-Young; Park, Eun-Ju (1997). "Sauropod dinosaur remains from the Gyeongsang Supergroup, Korea". Paleontological Society of Korea Special Publication. 2: 103–114.
^Park, Eun-Ju; Yang, Seong-Young; Currie, Phillip J. (2000). "Early Cretaceous dinosaur teeth of Korea". Paleontological Society of Korea Special Publication. 4: 85–98.
^Z. Dong, I. S. Paik, and H. J. Kim. 2001. A preliminary report on a sauropod from the Hasandong Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Korea. In T. Deng, Y. Wang (eds.), Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Chinese Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 41-53.
^Yun, Cheol-Soo; Yang, Seong-Young (1997). "Dinosaur eggshells from the Hasandong Formation, Gyeongsang Supergroup, Korea". Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea. 13 (1): 21~36.
^
abcdefghijklKim, J.Y.; Pickerill, R. (2002). "Cretaceous Nonmarine Trace Fossils from the Hasandong and Jinju Formations of the Namhae Area, Kyongsangnamdo, Southeast Korea". Ichnos. 9 (1–2): 41–60.
doi:
10.1080/10420940190034076.