Haplogroup L4 | |
---|---|
Possible time of origin | 90–80 kya |
Possible place of origin | East Africa, West Asia |
Ancestor | L3'4 |
Descendants | L4a, L4b |
Defining mutations | 5460, 16362 [1] |
Haplogroup L4 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is a somewhat uncommon maternal clade primarily found in East Africa, and West Asia. [2]
L4 is important in East Africa. The highest frequencies are in Tanzania among the Hadza at 60-83% and Sandawe at 48%. [3]
It has two branches, L4a and L4b. Subgroup L4a was formerly called L7 and considered a separate subclade of L3'4'7. It has been recognized as a subclade of L4, with L3 as its outgroup by Behar et al. (2008). [4] The parent clade L3'4 is to have emerged at 106–66 kya. [5] L4 is not much later than this, estimated at 87 kya by Fernandes et al. (2015). [6]
The following phylogeny is based on van Oven and Kayser (2008). [1]
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Phylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mitochondrial Eve ( L) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
L0 | L1–6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
M | N | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CZ | D | E | G | Q | O | A | S | R | I | W | X | Y | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
C | Z | B | F | R0 | pre-JT | P | U | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HV | JT | K | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
H | V | J | T |
Haplogroup L4 | |
---|---|
Possible time of origin | 90–80 kya |
Possible place of origin | East Africa, West Asia |
Ancestor | L3'4 |
Descendants | L4a, L4b |
Defining mutations | 5460, 16362 [1] |
Haplogroup L4 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is a somewhat uncommon maternal clade primarily found in East Africa, and West Asia. [2]
L4 is important in East Africa. The highest frequencies are in Tanzania among the Hadza at 60-83% and Sandawe at 48%. [3]
It has two branches, L4a and L4b. Subgroup L4a was formerly called L7 and considered a separate subclade of L3'4'7. It has been recognized as a subclade of L4, with L3 as its outgroup by Behar et al. (2008). [4] The parent clade L3'4 is to have emerged at 106–66 kya. [5] L4 is not much later than this, estimated at 87 kya by Fernandes et al. (2015). [6]
The following phylogeny is based on van Oven and Kayser (2008). [1]
{{
cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires |journal=
(
help)
Phylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mitochondrial Eve ( L) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
L0 | L1–6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
M | N | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CZ | D | E | G | Q | O | A | S | R | I | W | X | Y | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
C | Z | B | F | R0 | pre-JT | P | U | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HV | JT | K | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
H | V | J | T |