The genus Halictus is a large assemblage of bee species in the family
Halictidae. The genus is divided into 15 subgenera, some of dubious monophyly, containing over 200 species, primarily in the
Northern Hemisphere (a few species occur in
South America,
Asia and
Africa). Most species are black or dark brown, sometimes metallic greenish-tinted, with
apical whitish
abdominal bands on the terga (the related genus Lasioglossum, which is otherwise often similar in appearance, has the abdominal hair bands located basally, not apically).
Many species in the genus are
eusocial, with
colony sizes ranging from very small (two to four bees) to large (>200). Nests are typically burrows in the soil, with several
ovoid "cells" in which
pollen mixed with
nectar is provided as food for the developing larvae; a single egg is laid on a pollen mass, and the cell is sealed. In a few species, the cells are arranged in clusters resembling a
honeycomb, but constructed of soil rather than
beeswax. Like most ground-nesting bees, the brood cells are lined internally with a waterproofing secretion.
A few species in the genus have extensive geographic distribution, such as Halictus rubicundus, which spans virtually the entire
Holarctic region. Previously, Halictus ligatus was considered to range from
Canada to
Venezuela, including the Caribbean. However, genetic data show that there are at least three species previously considered within this one. One of them is restricted to Southeastern USA and the Caribbean, one is Central American, and true H. ligatus is found in northern and western North America.[1] Common
European species include Halictus quadricinctus and Halictus sexcinctus, as well as H. rubicundus. H. rubicundus is solitary at high altitudes and latitudes but has eusocial colonies in warmer areas.
^Carman, Geoffrey M. & Packer, Laurence (1996). "A cryptic species allied to Halictus ligatus Say (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) detected by allozyme electrophoresis". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 69 (4): 168–176.
JSTOR25085714.
The genus Halictus is a large assemblage of bee species in the family
Halictidae. The genus is divided into 15 subgenera, some of dubious monophyly, containing over 200 species, primarily in the
Northern Hemisphere (a few species occur in
South America,
Asia and
Africa). Most species are black or dark brown, sometimes metallic greenish-tinted, with
apical whitish
abdominal bands on the terga (the related genus Lasioglossum, which is otherwise often similar in appearance, has the abdominal hair bands located basally, not apically).
Many species in the genus are
eusocial, with
colony sizes ranging from very small (two to four bees) to large (>200). Nests are typically burrows in the soil, with several
ovoid "cells" in which
pollen mixed with
nectar is provided as food for the developing larvae; a single egg is laid on a pollen mass, and the cell is sealed. In a few species, the cells are arranged in clusters resembling a
honeycomb, but constructed of soil rather than
beeswax. Like most ground-nesting bees, the brood cells are lined internally with a waterproofing secretion.
A few species in the genus have extensive geographic distribution, such as Halictus rubicundus, which spans virtually the entire
Holarctic region. Previously, Halictus ligatus was considered to range from
Canada to
Venezuela, including the Caribbean. However, genetic data show that there are at least three species previously considered within this one. One of them is restricted to Southeastern USA and the Caribbean, one is Central American, and true H. ligatus is found in northern and western North America.[1] Common
European species include Halictus quadricinctus and Halictus sexcinctus, as well as H. rubicundus. H. rubicundus is solitary at high altitudes and latitudes but has eusocial colonies in warmer areas.
^Carman, Geoffrey M. & Packer, Laurence (1996). "A cryptic species allied to Halictus ligatus Say (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) detected by allozyme electrophoresis". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 69 (4): 168–176.
JSTOR25085714.