Gyöngyös | |
---|---|
Town | |
![]()
Saint Bartholomew Church | |
Coordinates: 47°47′07″N 19°55′32″E / 47.78528°N 19.92556°E | |
Country | ![]() |
County | Heves |
District | Gyöngyös |
First mentioned | 1261 |
Government | |
• Mayor | György Hiesz ( MSZP) |
Area | |
• Total | 54.69 km2 (21.12 sq mi) |
Population (2022) | |
• Total | 27,957 |
• Density | 510/km2 (1,300/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+1 ( CET) |
• Summer ( DST) | UTC+2 ( CEST) |
Postal code | 3200, 3221, 3232, 3233 |
Area code | 37 |
Website | www.gyongyos.hu |
Gyöngyös is a town in
Heves County,
Hungary, beside of the Gyöngyös creek, under the
Mátra mountain ranges. As of 2022 census, it has a population of 27,957 (see Demographics). The town located 8.4 km from the
M3 motorway and 80.8 km far from
Budapest. Gyöngyös is terminus of the (Nr. 85)
Vámosgyörk–Gyöngyös railway line and the
main road 3 lead across the town. Gyöngyös have a train station and a stop on the
standard gauge railway line and two
narrow gauge railways also start from here to the mountains for tourist purposes.
The settlement got its name from the stream that crosses the town, which may refer to the
mistletoe that often occurs on the waterfront, or to the
pearly water. According to one theory, one of
Árpád's daughters was Gyöngyös, who was buried here. From the 11th to the 14th century, the area belonged to the
Aba family. It is mentioned for the first time in documents in 1261 as Gyngus.
King Charles I donated the town and its countryside to
Thomas Szécsényi in 1327, and raised it to the rank of
market town in 1334. The city is located at the junction of
trade routes, on the border of the lowlands and the uplands, so trade and industry also played an important role in addition to
viticulture. The first church in the town is the
Romanesque
St. Bartholomew's Church, which was rebuilt in the
Gothic style in the 15th century. The
Franciscans arrived in Gyöngyös in the 14th century, and their church was also built in the Gothic style. After the
Ottoman conquest in the 16th century, the town became
khas town . The
Jesuits established a
gymnasium in 1634 with the permission of the Bey of Hatvan. Due to the increase in the number of Balkan merchants settling in the 17th century, the proportion of
Orthodox people increased.
Duke Francis Rákóczi negotiated about peace with
Pál Széchényi , Archbishop of Kalocsa in Gyöngyös in 1704, summarizing his demands in 25 points. The general of the insurgents,
János Bottyán, was buried in the Franciscan church in 1709.
The
Baroque style became dominant in the 18th century: the
St. Bartholomew Church, the Franciscan Church and Monastery were rebuilt, the
St. Urban Church, the Orthodox
St. Nicholas Church and, the
St. John of Nepomuk Chapel with its triangular layout on the banks of the Gyöngyös creek were built in 1736. The building of the Jesuit gymnasium was built next to the church of St. Bartholomew in 1751-52, which was taken over by the
Franciscans in 1773. The castle of the
Orczy family was rebuilt in
classicist style by Lőrinc Orczy in 1824, and the new building of the state
gymnasium was built opposite it in 1899, and a
music school operates in the old one. Financial institutions became important in addition to handicrafts and grape production in the 19th century. The economic role of the
Jews was strengthened, and they built several
synagogues. At the same time, the
phylloxera epidemic dealt a significant blow to grape production.
Gyöngyös was destroyed by fire on May 21, 1917. 580 houses burned down, 40% of the population became homeless. Two days later,
King Charles IV and
Queen Zita visited the city. Due to changes in the
country's border after 1920, the
Mátra's tourist importance increased. The mayor of the town at the time, Árpád Puky, primarily supported the development of
Mátrafüred, so in 1926 the town built a
narrow-gauge railway line to Mátrafüred for tourist purposes, which was classified as a resort in 1935. On the Pipis hill created a grass airport (
ICAO: LHGY) for
gliding in 1931, what is the highest airport (350 m) in Hungary. A
new synagogue built up in 1930, but in the summer of 1944, the town's Jewish population of 2,000 was
deported and most of them murdered. After 1945, several
housing estates and a 20-story residential tower were built, and the town's population doubled. The narrow-gauge railway also started passenger transport in the direction of
Gyöngyössolymos. The Mátra Museum was opened in the former castle of the
Orczy family , with a
natural science and
hunting exhibition. An other exhibition was opened in the former house of the
Almásy family from the treasury of the St. Bartholomew church, which also includes 43 pieces of
goldsmith's work from the 15th and 16th centuries. The
Gyöngyösi KK handball team founded in 1975. The local campus of
Agricultural University was built after 1980. The
industrial park established in 2000 provides the largest number of jobs nowadays. It is home to many food factory, including dairy and sausage factories.
[1]
[2]
According the 2022 census, 88.3% of the population were of Hungarian ethnicity, 2.9% were Gypsies, 0.7% were Ukrainians, and 10.9% were did not wish to answer. The religious distribution was as follows: 34.7% Roman Catholic, 3.4% Calvinist, 14.2% non-denominational, and 43.9% did not wish to answer. The Gypsies and the Ruthenians have a local nationality government. 844 people live in Mátrafüred, 80 live in Mátraháza and 14 live in Kékestető other inner areas, furthermore 56 people live in 6 other outskirts. Mátrafüred (3232), Mátraháza (3233) and Kékestető (3221) have an postal code. [3]
Population by years: [4]
Year | 1870 | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 | 1920 | 1930 | 1941 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population | 16,622 | 16,843 | 16,950 | 17,301 | 19,422 | 19,647 | 21,213 | 24,053 |
Year | 1949 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2001 | 2011 | 2022 |
Population | 21,969 | 28,573 | 30,306 | 36,282 | 36,404 | 32,975 | 30,728 | 27,957 |
Mayors since 1990:
Gyöngyös is twinned with: [13]
Gyöngyös | |
---|---|
Town | |
![]()
Saint Bartholomew Church | |
Coordinates: 47°47′07″N 19°55′32″E / 47.78528°N 19.92556°E | |
Country | ![]() |
County | Heves |
District | Gyöngyös |
First mentioned | 1261 |
Government | |
• Mayor | György Hiesz ( MSZP) |
Area | |
• Total | 54.69 km2 (21.12 sq mi) |
Population (2022) | |
• Total | 27,957 |
• Density | 510/km2 (1,300/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+1 ( CET) |
• Summer ( DST) | UTC+2 ( CEST) |
Postal code | 3200, 3221, 3232, 3233 |
Area code | 37 |
Website | www.gyongyos.hu |
Gyöngyös is a town in
Heves County,
Hungary, beside of the Gyöngyös creek, under the
Mátra mountain ranges. As of 2022 census, it has a population of 27,957 (see Demographics). The town located 8.4 km from the
M3 motorway and 80.8 km far from
Budapest. Gyöngyös is terminus of the (Nr. 85)
Vámosgyörk–Gyöngyös railway line and the
main road 3 lead across the town. Gyöngyös have a train station and a stop on the
standard gauge railway line and two
narrow gauge railways also start from here to the mountains for tourist purposes.
The settlement got its name from the stream that crosses the town, which may refer to the
mistletoe that often occurs on the waterfront, or to the
pearly water. According to one theory, one of
Árpád's daughters was Gyöngyös, who was buried here. From the 11th to the 14th century, the area belonged to the
Aba family. It is mentioned for the first time in documents in 1261 as Gyngus.
King Charles I donated the town and its countryside to
Thomas Szécsényi in 1327, and raised it to the rank of
market town in 1334. The city is located at the junction of
trade routes, on the border of the lowlands and the uplands, so trade and industry also played an important role in addition to
viticulture. The first church in the town is the
Romanesque
St. Bartholomew's Church, which was rebuilt in the
Gothic style in the 15th century. The
Franciscans arrived in Gyöngyös in the 14th century, and their church was also built in the Gothic style. After the
Ottoman conquest in the 16th century, the town became
khas town . The
Jesuits established a
gymnasium in 1634 with the permission of the Bey of Hatvan. Due to the increase in the number of Balkan merchants settling in the 17th century, the proportion of
Orthodox people increased.
Duke Francis Rákóczi negotiated about peace with
Pál Széchényi , Archbishop of Kalocsa in Gyöngyös in 1704, summarizing his demands in 25 points. The general of the insurgents,
János Bottyán, was buried in the Franciscan church in 1709.
The
Baroque style became dominant in the 18th century: the
St. Bartholomew Church, the Franciscan Church and Monastery were rebuilt, the
St. Urban Church, the Orthodox
St. Nicholas Church and, the
St. John of Nepomuk Chapel with its triangular layout on the banks of the Gyöngyös creek were built in 1736. The building of the Jesuit gymnasium was built next to the church of St. Bartholomew in 1751-52, which was taken over by the
Franciscans in 1773. The castle of the
Orczy family was rebuilt in
classicist style by Lőrinc Orczy in 1824, and the new building of the state
gymnasium was built opposite it in 1899, and a
music school operates in the old one. Financial institutions became important in addition to handicrafts and grape production in the 19th century. The economic role of the
Jews was strengthened, and they built several
synagogues. At the same time, the
phylloxera epidemic dealt a significant blow to grape production.
Gyöngyös was destroyed by fire on May 21, 1917. 580 houses burned down, 40% of the population became homeless. Two days later,
King Charles IV and
Queen Zita visited the city. Due to changes in the
country's border after 1920, the
Mátra's tourist importance increased. The mayor of the town at the time, Árpád Puky, primarily supported the development of
Mátrafüred, so in 1926 the town built a
narrow-gauge railway line to Mátrafüred for tourist purposes, which was classified as a resort in 1935. On the Pipis hill created a grass airport (
ICAO: LHGY) for
gliding in 1931, what is the highest airport (350 m) in Hungary. A
new synagogue built up in 1930, but in the summer of 1944, the town's Jewish population of 2,000 was
deported and most of them murdered. After 1945, several
housing estates and a 20-story residential tower were built, and the town's population doubled. The narrow-gauge railway also started passenger transport in the direction of
Gyöngyössolymos. The Mátra Museum was opened in the former castle of the
Orczy family , with a
natural science and
hunting exhibition. An other exhibition was opened in the former house of the
Almásy family from the treasury of the St. Bartholomew church, which also includes 43 pieces of
goldsmith's work from the 15th and 16th centuries. The
Gyöngyösi KK handball team founded in 1975. The local campus of
Agricultural University was built after 1980. The
industrial park established in 2000 provides the largest number of jobs nowadays. It is home to many food factory, including dairy and sausage factories.
[1]
[2]
According the 2022 census, 88.3% of the population were of Hungarian ethnicity, 2.9% were Gypsies, 0.7% were Ukrainians, and 10.9% were did not wish to answer. The religious distribution was as follows: 34.7% Roman Catholic, 3.4% Calvinist, 14.2% non-denominational, and 43.9% did not wish to answer. The Gypsies and the Ruthenians have a local nationality government. 844 people live in Mátrafüred, 80 live in Mátraháza and 14 live in Kékestető other inner areas, furthermore 56 people live in 6 other outskirts. Mátrafüred (3232), Mátraháza (3233) and Kékestető (3221) have an postal code. [3]
Population by years: [4]
Year | 1870 | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 | 1920 | 1930 | 1941 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population | 16,622 | 16,843 | 16,950 | 17,301 | 19,422 | 19,647 | 21,213 | 24,053 |
Year | 1949 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2001 | 2011 | 2022 |
Population | 21,969 | 28,573 | 30,306 | 36,282 | 36,404 | 32,975 | 30,728 | 27,957 |
Mayors since 1990:
Gyöngyös is twinned with: [13]