The phrase "guns, goons, and gold," sometimes referred to as the "Three Gs of Philippine Politics" [1] was a catchphrase coined by media to describe the violence and vote-buying that characterized the political campaign period in the Philippines, [2] beginning with the presidential reelection campaign of 1969, [3] [4] [5] declining only with the advent of electronic voting machines during the elections of 2010. [6] [7]
The phrase "guns, goons, and gold," sometimes referred to as the "Three Gs of Philippine Politics" [1] was a catchphrase coined by media to describe the violence and vote-buying that characterized the political campaign period in the Philippines, [2] beginning with the presidential reelection campaign of 1969, [3] [4] [5] declining only with the advent of electronic voting machines during the elections of 2010. [6] [7]