The governors of pre-independence Sudan were the colonial administrators responsible for the territory of Turco-Egyptian Sudan and Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, an area equivalent to modern-day Sudan and South Sudan.
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
Tenure | Portrait | Incumbent | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Turco-Egyptian Sudan | |||
November 1820 to 1821 |
Isma'il Kamil Pasha, Commander |
||
April 1821 to September 1824 |
Muhammad Bey Defterdar, Commander |
||
September 1824 to May 1825 |
Osman Bey Jarkas, Commander |
||
May 1825 to March 1826 |
Mahu Bey Urfali, Commander |
||
March 1826 to 1835 |
Ali Khurshid Agha, Governor |
||
1835 to June 1838 |
Ali Khurshid Pasha, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
June 1838 to 6 October 1843 |
Ahmad Pasha abu Widan, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
1843 to 1845 |
Ahmad Pasha Manikli (Manliki), Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
1845 to 1850 |
Khalid Khusraw Pasha, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
1850 to January 1851 |
'Abd al-Latif Pasha, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
January 1851 to May 1852 |
Rustum Pasha Jarkas, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
May 1852 to 1853 |
Isma'il Haqqi Pasha abu Jabal, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
1853 to 1854 |
Salim Pasha Sa'ib al-Jaza'irli, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
July 1854 to November 1854 |
Ali Pasha Sirri al-Arna'ut, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
1854 to 1855 |
Ali Pasha Jarkas, Governor |
||
1856 to 1858 |
Arakil Bey al-Armani, Governor |
||
1859 to 1861 |
Hasan Bey Salama Jarkas, Governor |
||
1861 to 1862 |
Muhammad Rasikh Bey, Governor |
||
1862 to 1865 |
Mūsā Pasha Ḥamdī, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
1865 to November 1865 |
'Umar Bey Fakhri, acting Hakimdar |
acting Governor-General | |
November 1865 to 1866 |
Ja'afar Pasha Sadiq, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
1866 to 5 February 1871 |
Ja'afar Pasha Mazhar, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
5 February 1871 to October 1872 |
Ahmad Mumtaz Pasha, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
October 1872 to 1872 |
Edhem Pasha al-Arifi at-Atqalawi, acting Hakimdar |
acting Governor-General | |
1872 to 18 May 1877 |
Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
May 1877 to December 1879 |
Charles George Gordon ("Gordon Pasha"), Hakimdar |
Governor-General, 1st time | |
December 1879 to February 1882 |
Muhammad Rauf Pasha, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
4 March 1882 to 11 May 1882 |
Carl Christian Giegler ("Giegler Pasha"), acting Hakimdar |
acting Governor-General | |
May 1882 to March 1883 |
'Abd al-Qadir Pasha Hilmi, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
March 1883 to 5 November 1883 |
'Ala al-Din Pasha Siddiq, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
February 1884 to 18 February 1884 |
Henry Watts Russell de Coetlogon, acting Hakimdar |
acting Governor-General | |
18 February 1884 to 26 January 1885 |
Charles George Gordon ("Gordon Pasha"), Hakimdar |
Governor-General, 2nd time; Killed at the end of the Siege of Khartoum | |
26 January 1885 to 2 October 1898 | Territory of Turkish Sudan under complete control of Mahdiyah (Mahdist State) | ||
Mahdist State | |||
29 June 1881 to 22 June 1885 |
Muhammad Ahmad, Mahdi |
Self-proclaimed Mahdi, Islamic Messiah | |
22 June 1885 to 2 September 1898 |
Abdallahi ibn Muhammad, Khalifa |
Self-proclaimed Caliph, successor to Muhammad Ahmad; Defeated in the Battle of Omdurman, and later killed in the Battle of Umm Diwaykarat | |
British Military Administration | |||
2 September 1898 to 19 January 1899 |
Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, Military Governor |
Simultaneously served as Sirdar | |
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan ( condominium) | |||
19 January 1899 to 22 December 1899 |
Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, Governor-General |
Simultaneously served as Sirdar | |
22 December 1899 to 31 December 1916 |
Sir Francis Reginald Wingate, Governor-General |
Simultaneously served as Sirdar | |
1 January 1917 to 20 November 1924 |
Sir Lee Oliver Fitzmaurice Stack, Governor-General |
Simultaneously served as Sirdar; assassinated in Cairo [1] | |
21 November 1924 to 5 January 1925 |
Wasey Sterry , acting Governor-General |
||
5 January 1925 to 6 July 1926 |
Sir Geoffrey Francis Archer, Governor-General |
The first civilian Governor-General [2] | |
31 October 1926 to 10 January 1934 |
Sir John Loader Maffey, Governor-General |
||
10 January 1934 to 19 October 1940 |
Sir George Stewart Symes, Governor-General |
||
19 October 1940 to 8 April 1947 |
Sir Hubert Jervoise Huddleston, Governor-General |
||
8 April 1947 to 29 March 1954 |
Sir Robert George Howe, Governor-General |
||
29 March 1954 to 12 December 1955 |
Sir Alexander Knox Helm, Governor-General |
||
12 December 1955 to 1 January 1956 |
Muhammad Ahmad Abu Rannat, acting Governor-General |
Chief Justice of Sudan | |
1 January 1956 | Independence as Republic of the Sudan |
For continuation after independence, see: List of heads of state of Sudan
The governors of pre-independence Sudan were the colonial administrators responsible for the territory of Turco-Egyptian Sudan and Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, an area equivalent to modern-day Sudan and South Sudan.
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
Tenure | Portrait | Incumbent | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Turco-Egyptian Sudan | |||
November 1820 to 1821 |
Isma'il Kamil Pasha, Commander |
||
April 1821 to September 1824 |
Muhammad Bey Defterdar, Commander |
||
September 1824 to May 1825 |
Osman Bey Jarkas, Commander |
||
May 1825 to March 1826 |
Mahu Bey Urfali, Commander |
||
March 1826 to 1835 |
Ali Khurshid Agha, Governor |
||
1835 to June 1838 |
Ali Khurshid Pasha, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
June 1838 to 6 October 1843 |
Ahmad Pasha abu Widan, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
1843 to 1845 |
Ahmad Pasha Manikli (Manliki), Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
1845 to 1850 |
Khalid Khusraw Pasha, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
1850 to January 1851 |
'Abd al-Latif Pasha, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
January 1851 to May 1852 |
Rustum Pasha Jarkas, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
May 1852 to 1853 |
Isma'il Haqqi Pasha abu Jabal, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
1853 to 1854 |
Salim Pasha Sa'ib al-Jaza'irli, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
July 1854 to November 1854 |
Ali Pasha Sirri al-Arna'ut, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
1854 to 1855 |
Ali Pasha Jarkas, Governor |
||
1856 to 1858 |
Arakil Bey al-Armani, Governor |
||
1859 to 1861 |
Hasan Bey Salama Jarkas, Governor |
||
1861 to 1862 |
Muhammad Rasikh Bey, Governor |
||
1862 to 1865 |
Mūsā Pasha Ḥamdī, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
1865 to November 1865 |
'Umar Bey Fakhri, acting Hakimdar |
acting Governor-General | |
November 1865 to 1866 |
Ja'afar Pasha Sadiq, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
1866 to 5 February 1871 |
Ja'afar Pasha Mazhar, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
5 February 1871 to October 1872 |
Ahmad Mumtaz Pasha, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
October 1872 to 1872 |
Edhem Pasha al-Arifi at-Atqalawi, acting Hakimdar |
acting Governor-General | |
1872 to 18 May 1877 |
Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
May 1877 to December 1879 |
Charles George Gordon ("Gordon Pasha"), Hakimdar |
Governor-General, 1st time | |
December 1879 to February 1882 |
Muhammad Rauf Pasha, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
4 March 1882 to 11 May 1882 |
Carl Christian Giegler ("Giegler Pasha"), acting Hakimdar |
acting Governor-General | |
May 1882 to March 1883 |
'Abd al-Qadir Pasha Hilmi, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
March 1883 to 5 November 1883 |
'Ala al-Din Pasha Siddiq, Hakimdar |
Governor-General | |
February 1884 to 18 February 1884 |
Henry Watts Russell de Coetlogon, acting Hakimdar |
acting Governor-General | |
18 February 1884 to 26 January 1885 |
Charles George Gordon ("Gordon Pasha"), Hakimdar |
Governor-General, 2nd time; Killed at the end of the Siege of Khartoum | |
26 January 1885 to 2 October 1898 | Territory of Turkish Sudan under complete control of Mahdiyah (Mahdist State) | ||
Mahdist State | |||
29 June 1881 to 22 June 1885 |
Muhammad Ahmad, Mahdi |
Self-proclaimed Mahdi, Islamic Messiah | |
22 June 1885 to 2 September 1898 |
Abdallahi ibn Muhammad, Khalifa |
Self-proclaimed Caliph, successor to Muhammad Ahmad; Defeated in the Battle of Omdurman, and later killed in the Battle of Umm Diwaykarat | |
British Military Administration | |||
2 September 1898 to 19 January 1899 |
Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, Military Governor |
Simultaneously served as Sirdar | |
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan ( condominium) | |||
19 January 1899 to 22 December 1899 |
Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, Governor-General |
Simultaneously served as Sirdar | |
22 December 1899 to 31 December 1916 |
Sir Francis Reginald Wingate, Governor-General |
Simultaneously served as Sirdar | |
1 January 1917 to 20 November 1924 |
Sir Lee Oliver Fitzmaurice Stack, Governor-General |
Simultaneously served as Sirdar; assassinated in Cairo [1] | |
21 November 1924 to 5 January 1925 |
Wasey Sterry , acting Governor-General |
||
5 January 1925 to 6 July 1926 |
Sir Geoffrey Francis Archer, Governor-General |
The first civilian Governor-General [2] | |
31 October 1926 to 10 January 1934 |
Sir John Loader Maffey, Governor-General |
||
10 January 1934 to 19 October 1940 |
Sir George Stewart Symes, Governor-General |
||
19 October 1940 to 8 April 1947 |
Sir Hubert Jervoise Huddleston, Governor-General |
||
8 April 1947 to 29 March 1954 |
Sir Robert George Howe, Governor-General |
||
29 March 1954 to 12 December 1955 |
Sir Alexander Knox Helm, Governor-General |
||
12 December 1955 to 1 January 1956 |
Muhammad Ahmad Abu Rannat, acting Governor-General |
Chief Justice of Sudan | |
1 January 1956 | Independence as Republic of the Sudan |
For continuation after independence, see: List of heads of state of Sudan