| Observation data Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0 | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Orion |
| Right ascension | 05h 53m 00.285s [1] |
| Declination | −05° 59′ 41.44″ [1] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 9.70 [2] |
| Characteristics | |
| Spectral type | K7V/M0V [3] |
| B−V color index | 1.321±0.001 [2] |
| Astrometry | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | +22.9±0.4 [1] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) |
RA: −1.170
mas/
yr
[1] Dec.: −346.762 mas/ yr [1] |
| Parallax (π) | 49.2485 ± 0.0185 mas [1] |
| Distance | 66.23 ± 0.02
ly (20.305 ± 0.008 pc) |
| Absolute magnitude (MV) | 8.154±0.077 [4] |
| Details | |
| Mass | 0.72±0.21 [5] M☉ |
| Radius | 0.613±0.064 [4] R☉ |
| Luminosity | 0.095±0.01 [5] L☉ |
| Surface gravity (log g) | 4.74±0.02 [5] cgs |
| Temperature | 4,324±100 [5] K |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | −0.34±0.08 [5] dex |
| Age | 4.4±4 [5] Gyr |
| Other designations | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
| Exoplanet Archive | data |
Gliese 221 (GJ 221), also known as BD-06 1339, is a star with an exoplanetary companion in the equatorial constellation of Orion. It is too faint to be visible to the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 9.70 [2] and an absolute magnitude of 8.15. [4] Using parallax measurements, the distance to this system can be estimated as 66.2 light-years. It is receding from the Sun with a radial velocity of +23 km/s. [1] This is a high proper motion star, traversing the celestial sphere at an angular rate of 0.333 ″·yr−1. [7]
This is a late K-type or early M-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of K7V/M0V. [3] It has 72% of the mass and 61% of the radius of the Sun. [5] The star is roughly 4.4 [5] billion years old and is depleted in heavy elements, containing just 46% of solar abundance of iron. [5] It is an active star and the level of chromospheric activity has been found to vary significantly over time. [3] The star is radiating 10% [5] of the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,324 K. [5]
Planetary system
From 2003 to 2012, the star was under observance from the High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher ( HARPS). It is becoming less active and this reduced activity allowed for lower-mass planetary measurements to be made.
A super-Venus planet, and an eccentric Neptune / Saturn in the habitable zone, were deduced by radial velocity in January 2013. [8] They were confirmed in May 2013. [9] In January 2014, a candidate planet d was proposed. [10]
The planet Gliese 221b ( BD-06 1339 b) is not transiting the disk of the parent star, [11] and its existence was disputed in 2022. [12]
| Companion (in order from star) |
Mass |
Semimajor axis ( AU) |
Orbital period ( days) |
Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b (disputed [12]) | >8.5806 ± 1.2712 M🜨 | 0.0428 ± 0.0007 | 3.8728 ± 0.0004 | — | — | — |
| c | >54.026 ± 9.534 M🜨 | 0.435 ± 0.007 | 125.94 ± 0.44 | 0.31 ± 0.11 | — | — |
| d (unconfirmed) | 22.246 M🜨 | 1.0947 | 500 | — | — | — |
References
- ^ a b c d e f Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv: 2012.01533. Bibcode: 2021A&A...649A...1G. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
- ^ a b c Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012), "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation", Astronomy Letters, 38 (5): 331, arXiv: 1108.4971, Bibcode: 2012AstL...38..331A, doi: 10.1134/S1063773712050015, S2CID 119257644.
- ^ a b c Lo Curto, G.; et al. (March 2013), "The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XXXII. New multi-planet systems in the HARPS volume limited sample: a super-Earth and a Neptune in the habitable zone", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 551: 7, arXiv: 1301.2741, Bibcode: 2013A&A...551A..59L, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201220415, S2CID 116916728, A59.
- ^ a b c Houdebine, E. R.; et al. (2016). "Rotation-Activity Correlations in K and M Dwarfs. I. Stellar Parameters and Compilations of v sin I and P/Sin I for a Large Sample of Late-K and M Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 822 (2): 97. arXiv: 1604.07920. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...822...97H. doi: 10.3847/0004-637X/822/2/97. S2CID 119118088.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Sousa, S. G.; et al. (2018), "SWEET-Cat updated", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 620: A58, arXiv: 1810.08108, Bibcode: 2018A&A...620A..58S, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201833350, S2CID 119374557.
- ^ "BD-06 1339". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2021-11-18.
- ^ Luyten, W. J. (June 1995), "NLTT Catalogue", VizieR On-line Data Catalog: I/98A. Originally published in: 1979nltt.book.....L, Bibcode: 1995yCat.1098....0L.
- ^ a b Lo Curto, G.; et al. (2013), "The HARPS search for southern extrasolar planets: XXXVI. New multi-planet systems in the HARPS volume limited sample: a super-Earth and a Neptune in the habitable zone", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 551: A59, arXiv: 1301.2741, Bibcode: 2013A&A...551A..59L, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201220415, S2CID 116916728.
- ^ Arriagada, Pamela; et al. (2013), "Two Planetary Companions Around the K7 Dwarf Gj 221: A Hot Super-Earth and a Candidate in the Sub-Saturn Desert Range", The Astrophysical Journal, 771 (1): 42, arXiv: 1305.2203, Bibcode: 2013ApJ...771...42A, doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/771/1/42, S2CID 119212312.
- ^ Tuomi, Mikko (2014), "A new cold sub-Saturnian candidate planet orbiting GJ 221", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 440: L1–L5, arXiv: 1401.4000, doi: 10.1093/mnrasl/slu014
- ^ Gillon, M.; et al. (2017), "The Spitzer search for the transits of HARPS low-mass planets", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 601: A117, arXiv: 1701.01303, Bibcode: 2017A&A...601A.117G, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201629270, S2CID 86862862.
- ^ a b Simpson, Emilie R.; Fetherolf, Tara; Kane, Stephen R.; Li, Zhexing; Pepper, Joshua; Močnik, Teo (2022). "Revisiting BD-06 1339b: A Likely False Positive Caused by Stellar Activity". The Astronomical Journal. 163 (5): 215. arXiv: 2203.06191. Bibcode: 2022AJ....163..215S. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ac5d41. S2CID 247446960.
- ^ "Planet BD-06 1339 c", Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia, 2019, archived from the original on 2023-12-22, retrieved 2023-12-22.
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| Observation data Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0 | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Orion |
| Right ascension | 05h 53m 00.285s [1] |
| Declination | −05° 59′ 41.44″ [1] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 9.70 [2] |
| Characteristics | |
| Spectral type | K7V/M0V [3] |
| B−V color index | 1.321±0.001 [2] |
| Astrometry | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | +22.9±0.4 [1] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) |
RA: −1.170
mas/
yr
[1] Dec.: −346.762 mas/ yr [1] |
| Parallax (π) | 49.2485 ± 0.0185 mas [1] |
| Distance | 66.23 ± 0.02
ly (20.305 ± 0.008 pc) |
| Absolute magnitude (MV) | 8.154±0.077 [4] |
| Details | |
| Mass | 0.72±0.21 [5] M☉ |
| Radius | 0.613±0.064 [4] R☉ |
| Luminosity | 0.095±0.01 [5] L☉ |
| Surface gravity (log g) | 4.74±0.02 [5] cgs |
| Temperature | 4,324±100 [5] K |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | −0.34±0.08 [5] dex |
| Age | 4.4±4 [5] Gyr |
| Other designations | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
| Exoplanet Archive | data |
Gliese 221 (GJ 221), also known as BD-06 1339, is a star with an exoplanetary companion in the equatorial constellation of Orion. It is too faint to be visible to the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 9.70 [2] and an absolute magnitude of 8.15. [4] Using parallax measurements, the distance to this system can be estimated as 66.2 light-years. It is receding from the Sun with a radial velocity of +23 km/s. [1] This is a high proper motion star, traversing the celestial sphere at an angular rate of 0.333 ″·yr−1. [7]
This is a late K-type or early M-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of K7V/M0V. [3] It has 72% of the mass and 61% of the radius of the Sun. [5] The star is roughly 4.4 [5] billion years old and is depleted in heavy elements, containing just 46% of solar abundance of iron. [5] It is an active star and the level of chromospheric activity has been found to vary significantly over time. [3] The star is radiating 10% [5] of the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,324 K. [5]
Planetary system
From 2003 to 2012, the star was under observance from the High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher ( HARPS). It is becoming less active and this reduced activity allowed for lower-mass planetary measurements to be made.
A super-Venus planet, and an eccentric Neptune / Saturn in the habitable zone, were deduced by radial velocity in January 2013. [8] They were confirmed in May 2013. [9] In January 2014, a candidate planet d was proposed. [10]
The planet Gliese 221b ( BD-06 1339 b) is not transiting the disk of the parent star, [11] and its existence was disputed in 2022. [12]
| Companion (in order from star) |
Mass |
Semimajor axis ( AU) |
Orbital period ( days) |
Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b (disputed [12]) | >8.5806 ± 1.2712 M🜨 | 0.0428 ± 0.0007 | 3.8728 ± 0.0004 | — | — | — |
| c | >54.026 ± 9.534 M🜨 | 0.435 ± 0.007 | 125.94 ± 0.44 | 0.31 ± 0.11 | — | — |
| d (unconfirmed) | 22.246 M🜨 | 1.0947 | 500 | — | — | — |
References
- ^ a b c d e f Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv: 2012.01533. Bibcode: 2021A&A...649A...1G. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
- ^ a b c Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012), "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation", Astronomy Letters, 38 (5): 331, arXiv: 1108.4971, Bibcode: 2012AstL...38..331A, doi: 10.1134/S1063773712050015, S2CID 119257644.
- ^ a b c Lo Curto, G.; et al. (March 2013), "The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XXXII. New multi-planet systems in the HARPS volume limited sample: a super-Earth and a Neptune in the habitable zone", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 551: 7, arXiv: 1301.2741, Bibcode: 2013A&A...551A..59L, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201220415, S2CID 116916728, A59.
- ^ a b c Houdebine, E. R.; et al. (2016). "Rotation-Activity Correlations in K and M Dwarfs. I. Stellar Parameters and Compilations of v sin I and P/Sin I for a Large Sample of Late-K and M Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 822 (2): 97. arXiv: 1604.07920. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...822...97H. doi: 10.3847/0004-637X/822/2/97. S2CID 119118088.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Sousa, S. G.; et al. (2018), "SWEET-Cat updated", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 620: A58, arXiv: 1810.08108, Bibcode: 2018A&A...620A..58S, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201833350, S2CID 119374557.
- ^ "BD-06 1339". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2021-11-18.
- ^ Luyten, W. J. (June 1995), "NLTT Catalogue", VizieR On-line Data Catalog: I/98A. Originally published in: 1979nltt.book.....L, Bibcode: 1995yCat.1098....0L.
- ^ a b Lo Curto, G.; et al. (2013), "The HARPS search for southern extrasolar planets: XXXVI. New multi-planet systems in the HARPS volume limited sample: a super-Earth and a Neptune in the habitable zone", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 551: A59, arXiv: 1301.2741, Bibcode: 2013A&A...551A..59L, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201220415, S2CID 116916728.
- ^ Arriagada, Pamela; et al. (2013), "Two Planetary Companions Around the K7 Dwarf Gj 221: A Hot Super-Earth and a Candidate in the Sub-Saturn Desert Range", The Astrophysical Journal, 771 (1): 42, arXiv: 1305.2203, Bibcode: 2013ApJ...771...42A, doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/771/1/42, S2CID 119212312.
- ^ Tuomi, Mikko (2014), "A new cold sub-Saturnian candidate planet orbiting GJ 221", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 440: L1–L5, arXiv: 1401.4000, doi: 10.1093/mnrasl/slu014
- ^ Gillon, M.; et al. (2017), "The Spitzer search for the transits of HARPS low-mass planets", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 601: A117, arXiv: 1701.01303, Bibcode: 2017A&A...601A.117G, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201629270, S2CID 86862862.
- ^ a b Simpson, Emilie R.; Fetherolf, Tara; Kane, Stephen R.; Li, Zhexing; Pepper, Joshua; Močnik, Teo (2022). "Revisiting BD-06 1339b: A Likely False Positive Caused by Stellar Activity". The Astronomical Journal. 163 (5): 215. arXiv: 2203.06191. Bibcode: 2022AJ....163..215S. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ac5d41. S2CID 247446960.
- ^ "Planet BD-06 1339 c", Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia, 2019, archived from the original on 2023-12-22, retrieved 2023-12-22.
| Stars |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Star clusters |
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| Nebulae |
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| Galaxies |
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