Focal neurologic signs | |
---|---|
Differential diagnosis | Head trauma, Tumor, Stroke |
Focal neurologic signs also known as focal neurological deficits or focal CNS signs are impairments of nerve, spinal cord, or brain function that affects a specific region of the body, e.g. weakness in the left arm, the right leg, paresis, or plegia.[ citation needed]
Focal neurological deficits may be caused by a variety of medical conditions such as head trauma, [1] tumors or stroke; or by various diseases such as meningitis or encephalitis or as a side effect of certain medications such as those used in anesthesia. [2]
Neurological soft signs, are a group of non-focal neurologic signs. [3]
Frontal lobe signs usually involve the motor system and may include many special types of deficit, depending on which part of the frontal lobe is affected:[ citation needed]
Parietal lobe signs usually involve somatic sensation, and may include:[ citation needed]
Temporal lobe signs usually involve auditory sensation and memory, and may include:[ citation needed]
Occipital lobe signs usually involve visual sensation, and may include:[ citation needed]
Damage to the limbic system involves loss or damage to memory, and may include:[ citation needed]
Cerebellar signs usually involve balance and coordination, and may include:[ citation needed]
Brainstem signs can involve a host of specific sensory and motor abnormalities, depending on which fiber tracts and cranial nerve nuclei are affected.[ citation needed]
Spinal cord signs generally involve unilateral paralysis with contralateral loss of pain sensation.[ citation needed]
Neurological soft signs (NSS) are a group of minor non-focal neurological signs that include synkinesis. [3] Other soft signs including clumsiness, and loss of fine motor movement are also commonly found in schizophrenia. [4] NSS likely reflect impairments in sensory integration, motor coordination, and the carrying out of complex motor tasks. [3] When associated with schizophrenia the signs stop if clinical symptoms are effectively treated; and a consensus suggests that they may constitute a state marker for schizophrenia. [3]
Essentials of Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 5th Edition. Saunders Elsevier, UK. 2012. page 725
Focal neurologic signs | |
---|---|
Differential diagnosis | Head trauma, Tumor, Stroke |
Focal neurologic signs also known as focal neurological deficits or focal CNS signs are impairments of nerve, spinal cord, or brain function that affects a specific region of the body, e.g. weakness in the left arm, the right leg, paresis, or plegia.[ citation needed]
Focal neurological deficits may be caused by a variety of medical conditions such as head trauma, [1] tumors or stroke; or by various diseases such as meningitis or encephalitis or as a side effect of certain medications such as those used in anesthesia. [2]
Neurological soft signs, are a group of non-focal neurologic signs. [3]
Frontal lobe signs usually involve the motor system and may include many special types of deficit, depending on which part of the frontal lobe is affected:[ citation needed]
Parietal lobe signs usually involve somatic sensation, and may include:[ citation needed]
Temporal lobe signs usually involve auditory sensation and memory, and may include:[ citation needed]
Occipital lobe signs usually involve visual sensation, and may include:[ citation needed]
Damage to the limbic system involves loss or damage to memory, and may include:[ citation needed]
Cerebellar signs usually involve balance and coordination, and may include:[ citation needed]
Brainstem signs can involve a host of specific sensory and motor abnormalities, depending on which fiber tracts and cranial nerve nuclei are affected.[ citation needed]
Spinal cord signs generally involve unilateral paralysis with contralateral loss of pain sensation.[ citation needed]
Neurological soft signs (NSS) are a group of minor non-focal neurological signs that include synkinesis. [3] Other soft signs including clumsiness, and loss of fine motor movement are also commonly found in schizophrenia. [4] NSS likely reflect impairments in sensory integration, motor coordination, and the carrying out of complex motor tasks. [3] When associated with schizophrenia the signs stop if clinical symptoms are effectively treated; and a consensus suggests that they may constitute a state marker for schizophrenia. [3]
Essentials of Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine, 5th Edition. Saunders Elsevier, UK. 2012. page 725