A fluid restriction diet is a diet which limits the amount of daily fluid consumption. Besides beverages, many foods also include fluids which needs to be taken into consideration. A fluid-restrictive diet assists in preventing the build-up of fluids in the body. Reducing fluid intake can alleviate stress on the body and may reduce additional complications. A fluid restriction diet is generally medically advised for patients with "heart problems, renal disease, liver damage including cirrhosis, endocrine and adrenal gland issues, elevated stress hormones and hyponatremia". [1] Patients with heart failure are recommended to restrict fluid intake down to 2 quarts per day. [2]
Foods such as gelatin, ice cream, yogurt, soups, sauces and watery fruit need to be limited. It is recommended that patients on fluid restriction maintain a log to track daily fluid intake. [3] Symptoms of fluid build up due to underlying heart issues include, increased blood pressure, difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, bloating, swelling and nausea. [4]
Patients with terminal illness may refuse both nutrition and hydration. [5]
Effectiveness
Partial fluid restriction can be used as therapy, but has the disadvantages of being difficult to maintain, and it is often ineffective. [6] Drugs causing increased diuresis ( diuretics) is generally an alternative, and have less risk of causing decreased glomerular filtration rate through the kidneys and resultant decreased kidney function. Fluid restriction is occasionally a practice in management of heart failure. However, according to a scientific review in 2009, there is no evidence of benefit of fluid restriction in patients with clinically stable heart failure otherwise receiving optimal pharmacological treatment. [7] Rather, diuretics are preferred in heart failure, mainly ACE inhibitors, with substantial evidence of improving survival and quality of life in heart failure patients. [8] [9] Theoretically, fluid restriction could also correct the electrolyte imbalance in hyponatremia, but again, diuretics, mainly vasopressin receptor antagonists, show better efficiency. [6] Nevertheless, in hyponatremia secondary to SIADH, long-term fluid restriction (of 1,200–1,800 mL/day) in addition to diuretics is standard treatment. [10]
See also
References
- ^ "Fluid Restricted Diet". intermountainphysician.org. 2016. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
- ^ Debra K. Moser; Barbara Riegel (2001). Improving Outcomes in Heart Failure: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 310–. ISBN 978-0-8342-1644-0.
- ^ "Fluid Restricted Diet". Winchester Hospital. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
- ^ NEMO (2017). "Controlling fluid intake in heart failure" (PDF). health.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
- ^ Byock I (1995). "Patient refusal of nutrition and hydration: walking the ever-finer line". Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 12 (2): 8, 9–13. doi: 10.1177/104990919501200205. PMID 7605733. S2CID 46385519.
- ^ a b Gheorghiade, Mihai; Gottlieb, Stephen S.; Udelson, James E.; Konstam, Marvin A.; Czerwiec, Frank; Ouyang, John; Orlandi, Cesare (2006). "Vasopressin V2 Receptor Blockade With Tolvaptan Versus Fluid Restriction in the Treatment of Hyponatremia". The American Journal of Cardiology. 97 (7): 1064–1067. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.10.050. PMID 16563917.
- ^ Tai MK (2009). "Evidence-based practice of fluid restriction in patients with heart failure". Hu Li Za Zhi (in Chinese). 56 (5): 23–9. PMID 19760574.
- ^ The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. (1987). "Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS)". N Engl J Med. 316 (23): 1429–35. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198706043162301. PMID 2883575.
- ^ The SOLVD Investigators. (1991). "Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure". N Engl J Med. 325 (5): 293–302. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199108013250501. PMID 2057034.
- ^ Schürer, Ludwig; Wolf, Stefan; Lumenta, Christianto B. (2010). "Water and Electrolyte Regulation". Neurosurgery. pp. 611–615. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-79565-0_40. ISBN 978-3-540-79564-3.
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A fluid restriction diet is a diet which limits the amount of daily fluid consumption. Besides beverages, many foods also include fluids which needs to be taken into consideration. A fluid-restrictive diet assists in preventing the build-up of fluids in the body. Reducing fluid intake can alleviate stress on the body and may reduce additional complications. A fluid restriction diet is generally medically advised for patients with "heart problems, renal disease, liver damage including cirrhosis, endocrine and adrenal gland issues, elevated stress hormones and hyponatremia". [1] Patients with heart failure are recommended to restrict fluid intake down to 2 quarts per day. [2]
Foods such as gelatin, ice cream, yogurt, soups, sauces and watery fruit need to be limited. It is recommended that patients on fluid restriction maintain a log to track daily fluid intake. [3] Symptoms of fluid build up due to underlying heart issues include, increased blood pressure, difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, bloating, swelling and nausea. [4]
Patients with terminal illness may refuse both nutrition and hydration. [5]
Effectiveness
Partial fluid restriction can be used as therapy, but has the disadvantages of being difficult to maintain, and it is often ineffective. [6] Drugs causing increased diuresis ( diuretics) is generally an alternative, and have less risk of causing decreased glomerular filtration rate through the kidneys and resultant decreased kidney function. Fluid restriction is occasionally a practice in management of heart failure. However, according to a scientific review in 2009, there is no evidence of benefit of fluid restriction in patients with clinically stable heart failure otherwise receiving optimal pharmacological treatment. [7] Rather, diuretics are preferred in heart failure, mainly ACE inhibitors, with substantial evidence of improving survival and quality of life in heart failure patients. [8] [9] Theoretically, fluid restriction could also correct the electrolyte imbalance in hyponatremia, but again, diuretics, mainly vasopressin receptor antagonists, show better efficiency. [6] Nevertheless, in hyponatremia secondary to SIADH, long-term fluid restriction (of 1,200–1,800 mL/day) in addition to diuretics is standard treatment. [10]
See also
References
- ^ "Fluid Restricted Diet". intermountainphysician.org. 2016. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
- ^ Debra K. Moser; Barbara Riegel (2001). Improving Outcomes in Heart Failure: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 310–. ISBN 978-0-8342-1644-0.
- ^ "Fluid Restricted Diet". Winchester Hospital. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
- ^ NEMO (2017). "Controlling fluid intake in heart failure" (PDF). health.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
- ^ Byock I (1995). "Patient refusal of nutrition and hydration: walking the ever-finer line". Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 12 (2): 8, 9–13. doi: 10.1177/104990919501200205. PMID 7605733. S2CID 46385519.
- ^ a b Gheorghiade, Mihai; Gottlieb, Stephen S.; Udelson, James E.; Konstam, Marvin A.; Czerwiec, Frank; Ouyang, John; Orlandi, Cesare (2006). "Vasopressin V2 Receptor Blockade With Tolvaptan Versus Fluid Restriction in the Treatment of Hyponatremia". The American Journal of Cardiology. 97 (7): 1064–1067. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.10.050. PMID 16563917.
- ^ Tai MK (2009). "Evidence-based practice of fluid restriction in patients with heart failure". Hu Li Za Zhi (in Chinese). 56 (5): 23–9. PMID 19760574.
- ^ The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. (1987). "Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS)". N Engl J Med. 316 (23): 1429–35. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198706043162301. PMID 2883575.
- ^ The SOLVD Investigators. (1991). "Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure". N Engl J Med. 325 (5): 293–302. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199108013250501. PMID 2057034.
- ^ Schürer, Ludwig; Wolf, Stefan; Lumenta, Christianto B. (2010). "Water and Electrolyte Regulation". Neurosurgery. pp. 611–615. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-79565-0_40. ISBN 978-3-540-79564-3.
| Dieting |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutrition |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nutritional advice | |||||||||||||||||||||||||