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The Fermilab bison herd was established in 1969 [1] at the U.S. national laboratory in Batavia, Illinois, about 34 mi (55 km) west of Chicago, under the leadership of physicist, amateur architect and Wyoming native Robert R. Wilson. [2] The herd grazes an 800-acre (320 ha; 3.2 km2) pasture [3] adjacent to the Fermilab prairie, which sits atop the accelerator's underground Main Ring and Tevatron. [4] [5] The herd usually averages around 25 individuals; [6] as of spring 2022, the head count of the herd was 32 individuals. [7]
A bull and four cows [8] were first brought to the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory as a visual reminder of the idea science is a frontier. [9] [10] In 1971, the Illinois Department of Natural Resources added 21 head. [8] The bison herd added a utopian dimension to a physics lab that was associated in the mind of the general public with the terror of the Bomb. [11] The herd was also explicitly a tourist attraction. [11] The bison were meant to be classic symbol of Americana, familiar from Western-genre stories and films, for visitors from overseas; [8] for domestic visitors, the opportunity to visit the bison marked the lab as an accessible populist space, rather than as a secretive quasi-military government installation. [11] The historian Edward Tenner suggested in Wilson Quarterly that the curved towers of the Alan H. Rider-designed Fermilab admin building represent a cathedral of science and innovation that, in combination with the bison herd and the prairie restoration, projected "exuberant hope for the future [bound with] profound respect for human and natural heritage." [12] Utopia or not, the animals are contained by two layers of fencing, 12 ft (3.7 m) apart and with one ring tall enough to block a potentially 6 ft (1.8 m) vertical leap. [8] The fences are further marked with warning signs designating the grounds as a dangerous high radiation area. [8] (There is no radiation danger to civilians at Fermilab, [8] but the signs work as an added layer of discouragement to anyone contemplating messing with a bison.)
The Fermilab herd is one of 12 federally managed "buffalo" herds in the United States. [13] Most of the federal herds are managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and partners; Fermilab's herd is solely managed by the Department of Energy. [13] All of the government-owned herds are considered conservation herds; there were about 50 conservation herds in North America circa 2006. [13] (Hundreds of thousands of other bison are owned by commercial ranching operations.) [13] [8]
Both the bison herd and the prairie are part of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Environmental Research Park. [14] The Fermilab herd of DuPage County, and two other herds established during the 21st century at Nachusa Grasslands ( Ogle County– Lee County) and Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie ( Will County) represent the first bison to live in Illinois since the early 1800s. [15] Testing has found that the Fermilab display herd of indigenous Bison bison does not have any introgression of either mitochondrial or nuclear DNA [16] from domestic cattle ( Bos taurus). [3]
Twitter-suggested names for a bison calf born at the lab in 2016 included Higgs Bison, Bison Tennial, Niels Bohrson and Neil DeGrass Bison. [17]
The herd got up to 160 head in the 1990s [8] but is now kept to about 20 to 25 animals. [6] The herd's bulls are changed out from time to time in order to prevent inbreeding depression. [18] The bison get annual veterinary checkups but are otherwise left to their own devices. [7] There is a bison cemetery on the laboratory grounds where they bury animals that die of old age; other animals are auctioned off to ranchers in order to maintain a herd size appropriate for the carrying capacity of the site. [8] The Fermi herdsmen responsible for the bison, in cooperation with the lab's Roads and Grounds Department, [7] work out of a converted dairy building that dates to around 1900. [8]
According to one site caretaker, the most important thing to know about bison is "leave them alone." [6]
Fans can observe the herd via a webcam. [1] Visitors to the site must show valid ID; U.S. state driver's licenses must be Real ID-compliant after May 3, 2023. [19] Entrance gates are located at Pine Street Entrance in Batavia or Batavia Road in Warrenville. Summer hours are 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. [8] The Lederman Science Center opens at 9 a.m. Monday through Saturday. [19]
- ^ a b "Bison at Fermilab". Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (fnal.gov). Retrieved 2023-02-03.
- ^ Jogalekar, Ashutosh S. (2011). "Lost in translation". Current Science. 101 (12): 1529–1530. ISSN 0011-3891. JSTOR 24080689.
- ^ a b Shivni, Rashmi (January 27, 2016). "The genetic purity and diversity of the Fermilab bison herd". Fermilab News. Retrieved 2023-02-03.
- ^ Marburger, John H. (June 2014). "The Superconducting Supercollider and US Science Policy". Physics in Perspective. 16 (2): 218–249. Bibcode: 2014PhP....16..218M. doi: 10.1007/s00016-014-0133-9. ISSN 1422-6944. S2CID 253592082.
- ^ Collision course. By: Merrion, Paul, Crain's Chicago Business, 01496956, 11/10/2003, Vol. 26, Issue 45
- ^ a b c West, Rick (May 11, 2013). "Suburban man cares for Fermilab bison". The Times. Munster, Indiana. Arlington Heights Daily Herald. p. A5. Retrieved 2023-02-05 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c Marks, Tracy (April 14, 2022). "Fermilab is home to a new baby bison". Fermilab News (news.fnal.gov). Retrieved 2023-02-03.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Stephenson, Lynda (September 23, 1988). "Fermi Buffalo They Roam on a Home Where Particles Collide All Day". Chicago Tribune. p. 2-1. Retrieved 2023-02-05 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Jacobs, Tom (November–December 2008). "The Enduring Mystery of the Higgs Boson". Miller-McCune.com. Vol. 1, no. 6. pp. 84–85.
- ^ Fliege, Stu (March–April 2009). "Book Review: Quantum physics on the prairie". Illinois Heritage. 12 (2): 35.
- ^ a b c Ploeger, Joanna S. (January 2002). "The art of science at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory: The rhetoric of aesthetics and humanism in the national laboratory system in the late 1960s". History and Technology. 18 (1): 23–49. doi: 10.1080/07341510290028765. ISSN 0734-1512. S2CID 145564689.
- ^ Tenner, Edward (2006). "The Future Is a Foreign Country". The Wilson Quarterly. 30 (1): 62–66. ISSN 0363-3276. JSTOR 40261356.
- ^ a b c d Boyd, Delaney P.; Gates, C. Cormack (Spring 2006). "A Brief Review of the Status of Plains Bison in North America". Journal of the West. 45 (2): 15–21.
- ^ Sluis, William (September 2020). "Dark Diversity in Restorations: What's missing?". Ecological Restoration. 38 (3): 180–192. doi: 10.3368/er.38.3.180. ISSN 1543-4060. S2CID 221142243 – via Ebscohost.
- ^ Morrissey, Robert Michael (November 1, 2019). "Climate, Ecology and History in North America's Tallgrass Prairie Borderlands*". Past & Present (245): 39–77. doi: 10.1093/pastj/gtz018. ISSN 0031-2746.
- ^ "Mammals at Fermilab". Fermilab Nature and Ecology (ecology.fnal.gov). Retrieved 2023-02-05.
- ^ Woolston, Chris (May 12, 2016). "Higgs Bison or Niels Bohrson? Twitter offers names for Fermilab's baby bison". Nature. 533 (7602): 149. Bibcode: 2016Natur.533..149W. doi: 10.1038/533149f. ISSN 0028-0836.
- ^ "Fermilab welcomes its first baby bison of the year". Chicago Tribune. May 17, 2022. p. I17. Retrieved 2023-02-05 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Fermilab Hours, Maps and Directions". Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (fnal.gov). Retrieved 2023-02-05.
- Hoddeson, Lillian; Kolb, Adrienne W.; Westfall, Catherine (2008). Fermilab : physics, the frontier, and megascience. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-34625-0. OCLC 434595805.
The Fermilab bison herd was established in 1969 [1] at the U.S. national laboratory in Batavia, Illinois, about 34 mi (55 km) west of Chicago, under the leadership of physicist, amateur architect and Wyoming native Robert R. Wilson. [2] The herd grazes an 800-acre (320 ha; 3.2 km2) pasture [3] adjacent to the Fermilab prairie, which sits atop the accelerator's underground Main Ring and Tevatron. [4] [5] The herd usually averages around 25 individuals; [6] as of spring 2022, the head count of the herd was 32 individuals. [7]
A bull and four cows [8] were first brought to the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory as a visual reminder of the idea science is a frontier. [9] [10] In 1971, the Illinois Department of Natural Resources added 21 head. [8] The bison herd added a utopian dimension to a physics lab that was associated in the mind of the general public with the terror of the Bomb. [11] The herd was also explicitly a tourist attraction. [11] The bison were meant to be classic symbol of Americana, familiar from Western-genre stories and films, for visitors from overseas; [8] for domestic visitors, the opportunity to visit the bison marked the lab as an accessible populist space, rather than as a secretive quasi-military government installation. [11] The historian Edward Tenner suggested in Wilson Quarterly that the curved towers of the Alan H. Rider-designed Fermilab admin building represent a cathedral of science and innovation that, in combination with the bison herd and the prairie restoration, projected "exuberant hope for the future [bound with] profound respect for human and natural heritage." [12] Utopia or not, the animals are contained by two layers of fencing, 12 ft (3.7 m) apart and with one ring tall enough to block a potentially 6 ft (1.8 m) vertical leap. [8] The fences are further marked with warning signs designating the grounds as a dangerous high radiation area. [8] (There is no radiation danger to civilians at Fermilab, [8] but the signs work as an added layer of discouragement to anyone contemplating messing with a bison.)
The Fermilab herd is one of 12 federally managed "buffalo" herds in the United States. [13] Most of the federal herds are managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and partners; Fermilab's herd is solely managed by the Department of Energy. [13] All of the government-owned herds are considered conservation herds; there were about 50 conservation herds in North America circa 2006. [13] (Hundreds of thousands of other bison are owned by commercial ranching operations.) [13] [8]
Both the bison herd and the prairie are part of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Environmental Research Park. [14] The Fermilab herd of DuPage County, and two other herds established during the 21st century at Nachusa Grasslands ( Ogle County– Lee County) and Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie ( Will County) represent the first bison to live in Illinois since the early 1800s. [15] Testing has found that the Fermilab display herd of indigenous Bison bison does not have any introgression of either mitochondrial or nuclear DNA [16] from domestic cattle ( Bos taurus). [3]
Twitter-suggested names for a bison calf born at the lab in 2016 included Higgs Bison, Bison Tennial, Niels Bohrson and Neil DeGrass Bison. [17]
The herd got up to 160 head in the 1990s [8] but is now kept to about 20 to 25 animals. [6] The herd's bulls are changed out from time to time in order to prevent inbreeding depression. [18] The bison get annual veterinary checkups but are otherwise left to their own devices. [7] There is a bison cemetery on the laboratory grounds where they bury animals that die of old age; other animals are auctioned off to ranchers in order to maintain a herd size appropriate for the carrying capacity of the site. [8] The Fermi herdsmen responsible for the bison, in cooperation with the lab's Roads and Grounds Department, [7] work out of a converted dairy building that dates to around 1900. [8]
According to one site caretaker, the most important thing to know about bison is "leave them alone." [6]
Fans can observe the herd via a webcam. [1] Visitors to the site must show valid ID; U.S. state driver's licenses must be Real ID-compliant after May 3, 2023. [19] Entrance gates are located at Pine Street Entrance in Batavia or Batavia Road in Warrenville. Summer hours are 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. [8] The Lederman Science Center opens at 9 a.m. Monday through Saturday. [19]
- ^ a b "Bison at Fermilab". Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (fnal.gov). Retrieved 2023-02-03.
- ^ Jogalekar, Ashutosh S. (2011). "Lost in translation". Current Science. 101 (12): 1529–1530. ISSN 0011-3891. JSTOR 24080689.
- ^ a b Shivni, Rashmi (January 27, 2016). "The genetic purity and diversity of the Fermilab bison herd". Fermilab News. Retrieved 2023-02-03.
- ^ Marburger, John H. (June 2014). "The Superconducting Supercollider and US Science Policy". Physics in Perspective. 16 (2): 218–249. Bibcode: 2014PhP....16..218M. doi: 10.1007/s00016-014-0133-9. ISSN 1422-6944. S2CID 253592082.
- ^ Collision course. By: Merrion, Paul, Crain's Chicago Business, 01496956, 11/10/2003, Vol. 26, Issue 45
- ^ a b c West, Rick (May 11, 2013). "Suburban man cares for Fermilab bison". The Times. Munster, Indiana. Arlington Heights Daily Herald. p. A5. Retrieved 2023-02-05 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c Marks, Tracy (April 14, 2022). "Fermilab is home to a new baby bison". Fermilab News (news.fnal.gov). Retrieved 2023-02-03.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Stephenson, Lynda (September 23, 1988). "Fermi Buffalo They Roam on a Home Where Particles Collide All Day". Chicago Tribune. p. 2-1. Retrieved 2023-02-05 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Jacobs, Tom (November–December 2008). "The Enduring Mystery of the Higgs Boson". Miller-McCune.com. Vol. 1, no. 6. pp. 84–85.
- ^ Fliege, Stu (March–April 2009). "Book Review: Quantum physics on the prairie". Illinois Heritage. 12 (2): 35.
- ^ a b c Ploeger, Joanna S. (January 2002). "The art of science at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory: The rhetoric of aesthetics and humanism in the national laboratory system in the late 1960s". History and Technology. 18 (1): 23–49. doi: 10.1080/07341510290028765. ISSN 0734-1512. S2CID 145564689.
- ^ Tenner, Edward (2006). "The Future Is a Foreign Country". The Wilson Quarterly. 30 (1): 62–66. ISSN 0363-3276. JSTOR 40261356.
- ^ a b c d Boyd, Delaney P.; Gates, C. Cormack (Spring 2006). "A Brief Review of the Status of Plains Bison in North America". Journal of the West. 45 (2): 15–21.
- ^ Sluis, William (September 2020). "Dark Diversity in Restorations: What's missing?". Ecological Restoration. 38 (3): 180–192. doi: 10.3368/er.38.3.180. ISSN 1543-4060. S2CID 221142243 – via Ebscohost.
- ^ Morrissey, Robert Michael (November 1, 2019). "Climate, Ecology and History in North America's Tallgrass Prairie Borderlands*". Past & Present (245): 39–77. doi: 10.1093/pastj/gtz018. ISSN 0031-2746.
- ^ "Mammals at Fermilab". Fermilab Nature and Ecology (ecology.fnal.gov). Retrieved 2023-02-05.
- ^ Woolston, Chris (May 12, 2016). "Higgs Bison or Niels Bohrson? Twitter offers names for Fermilab's baby bison". Nature. 533 (7602): 149. Bibcode: 2016Natur.533..149W. doi: 10.1038/533149f. ISSN 0028-0836.
- ^ "Fermilab welcomes its first baby bison of the year". Chicago Tribune. May 17, 2022. p. I17. Retrieved 2023-02-05 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Fermilab Hours, Maps and Directions". Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (fnal.gov). Retrieved 2023-02-05.
- Hoddeson, Lillian; Kolb, Adrienne W.; Westfall, Catherine (2008). Fermilab : physics, the frontier, and megascience. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-34625-0. OCLC 434595805.