| Fallopia convolvulus | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Polygonaceae |
| Genus: | Fallopia |
| Species: | F. convolvulus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Fallopia convolvulus | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
|
Synonymy
| |
Fallopia convolvulus, the black-bindweed or wild buckwheat, is a fast-growing annual flowering plant in the family Polygonaceae native throughout Europe, Asia and northern Africa. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
Synonyms include Polygonum convolvulus L. ( basionym), Bilderdykia convolvulus (L.) Dumort, Fagopyrum convolvulus (L.) H.Gross, Fagopyrum carinatum Moench, Helxine convolvulus (L.) Raf., Reynoutria convolvulus (L.) Shinners, and Tiniaria convolvulus (L.) Webb & Moq. [3] [4] Other old folk names include bear-bind, bind-corn, climbing bindweed, climbing buckwheat, corn-bind, corn bindweed, devil's tether, and wild buckwheat.[ citation needed]
Description
Black-bindweed is a herbaceous vine growing to 1–1.5 m (39–59 in) long, with stems that twine clockwise round other plant stems. The alternate triangular leaves are 1.5–6 cm long and 0.7–3 cm broad with a 6–15 (–50) mm petiole; the basal lobes of the leaves are pointed at the petiole. The flowers are small, and greenish-pink to greenish white, clustered on short racemes. These clusters give way to small triangular achenes, with one seed in each achene. [2] [3] [4] [7] The flowers have 5 sepals, the 3 outer ones are larger and show a keel. It has 5 stamens and the fruit grows to 4 mm long. [8]
While it superficially resemble bindweeds in the genus Convolvulus there are many notable differences; it has ocrea (stipule-sheath at nodes), which Convolvulus does not; and Convolvulus has conspicuous trumpet-shaped flowers while Black-bindweed has flowers that are unobtrusive and only about 4 mm long. [5]
Distribution and habitat
Fallopia convolvulus grows most commonly on disturbed or cultivated land, in northern Europe typically on warm, sunny, well-drained sandy or limestone soil types, [5] [7] but in hotter, drier areas like Pakistan, on moist shady sites. [4] It ranges from sea level in the north of its range, up to 3600 m altitude in the south in the Himalaya. [3] [4] [5]
Cultivation and uses
The seeds are edible, and were used in the past as a food crop, with remains found in Bronze Age middens. [5] The seeds are too small and low-yielding to make a commercial crop, and it is now more widely considered a weed, occurring in crops, waste areas and roadsides. It can be a damaging weed when it is growing in a garden or crop, as it can not only damage the plants around which it twines, but also clog the machinery used to harvest a given crop. It is also an invasive species in North America. [6]
References
- ^ The Plant List, Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á.Löve
- ^ a b Flora of NW Europe: Fallopia convolvulus[ permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c d Flora of China: Fallopia convolvulus
- ^ a b c d e Flora of Pakistan: Fallopia convolvulus
- ^ a b c d e Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C., 1989. Flora of Britain and Northern Europe. ISBN 0-340-40170-2.
- ^ a b "Fallopia convolvulus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
- ^ a b Phil Wilson & Miles King, Arable Plants – a field guide: Black-bindweed
- ^ Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012. Webb's An Irish Flora. Cork University Press. ISBN 978-185918-4783
| Fallopia convolvulus | |
|---|---|
|
| |
|
Scientific classification
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Polygonaceae |
| Genus: | Fallopia |
| Species: | F. convolvulus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Fallopia convolvulus | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
|
Synonymy
| |
Fallopia convolvulus, the black-bindweed or wild buckwheat, is a fast-growing annual flowering plant in the family Polygonaceae native throughout Europe, Asia and northern Africa. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
Synonyms include Polygonum convolvulus L. ( basionym), Bilderdykia convolvulus (L.) Dumort, Fagopyrum convolvulus (L.) H.Gross, Fagopyrum carinatum Moench, Helxine convolvulus (L.) Raf., Reynoutria convolvulus (L.) Shinners, and Tiniaria convolvulus (L.) Webb & Moq. [3] [4] Other old folk names include bear-bind, bind-corn, climbing bindweed, climbing buckwheat, corn-bind, corn bindweed, devil's tether, and wild buckwheat.[ citation needed]
Description
Black-bindweed is a herbaceous vine growing to 1–1.5 m (39–59 in) long, with stems that twine clockwise round other plant stems. The alternate triangular leaves are 1.5–6 cm long and 0.7–3 cm broad with a 6–15 (–50) mm petiole; the basal lobes of the leaves are pointed at the petiole. The flowers are small, and greenish-pink to greenish white, clustered on short racemes. These clusters give way to small triangular achenes, with one seed in each achene. [2] [3] [4] [7] The flowers have 5 sepals, the 3 outer ones are larger and show a keel. It has 5 stamens and the fruit grows to 4 mm long. [8]
While it superficially resemble bindweeds in the genus Convolvulus there are many notable differences; it has ocrea (stipule-sheath at nodes), which Convolvulus does not; and Convolvulus has conspicuous trumpet-shaped flowers while Black-bindweed has flowers that are unobtrusive and only about 4 mm long. [5]
Distribution and habitat
Fallopia convolvulus grows most commonly on disturbed or cultivated land, in northern Europe typically on warm, sunny, well-drained sandy or limestone soil types, [5] [7] but in hotter, drier areas like Pakistan, on moist shady sites. [4] It ranges from sea level in the north of its range, up to 3600 m altitude in the south in the Himalaya. [3] [4] [5]
Cultivation and uses
The seeds are edible, and were used in the past as a food crop, with remains found in Bronze Age middens. [5] The seeds are too small and low-yielding to make a commercial crop, and it is now more widely considered a weed, occurring in crops, waste areas and roadsides. It can be a damaging weed when it is growing in a garden or crop, as it can not only damage the plants around which it twines, but also clog the machinery used to harvest a given crop. It is also an invasive species in North America. [6]
References
- ^ The Plant List, Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á.Löve
- ^ a b Flora of NW Europe: Fallopia convolvulus[ permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c d Flora of China: Fallopia convolvulus
- ^ a b c d e Flora of Pakistan: Fallopia convolvulus
- ^ a b c d e Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C., 1989. Flora of Britain and Northern Europe. ISBN 0-340-40170-2.
- ^ a b "Fallopia convolvulus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
- ^ a b Phil Wilson & Miles King, Arable Plants – a field guide: Black-bindweed
- ^ Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012. Webb's An Irish Flora. Cork University Press. ISBN 978-185918-4783