Escucha Formation
Stratigraphic range: Late Aptian- mid Albian ~117–103  Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
View of Escucha and surrounding rocks
Type	Geological formation
Sub-units	E1 to E3
Underlies	Utrillas Formation
Overlies	Castrillo de la Reina, Benassal & Oliete Formations
Thickness	~70 m (230 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Siltstone, mudstone (E1, E3) sandstone (E2)
Other	Coal (E1) siltstone (E2), amber
Location
Coordinates	42°36′N 2°42′W / 42.6°N 2.7°W / 42.6; -2.7
Approximate paleocoordinates	30°24′N 1°24′E / 30.4°N 1.4°E / 30.4; 1.4
Region	Teruel, Aragón La Rioja
Country	Spain
Extent	Cameros, Maestrazgo & Oliete Basins
Type section
Named for	Escucha, Teruel
Escucha Formation (Spain)

The Escucha Formation is a geological formation in La Rioja and Teruel provinces of northeastern Spain whose strata date back to the late Aptian to middle Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. ^[1]

The approximately 70 m (230 ft) thick formation underlies the Utrillas Formation and overlies Castrillo de la Reina, Benassal & Oliete Formations. The Escucha Formation comprises siltstones, mudstones, sandstones, coal, siltstones and amber, in which several fossil insects were found. The formation was deposited in a variety of continental to paralic ( deltaic) environments. ^[2]

Fossil content

The Escucha Formation has provided the following fossils, among others: ^[3]

Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs
Taxa	Location	Notes	Images
Europelta carbonensis	La Rioja	[4]
Proa valdearinnoensis	La Rioja	[5]

Other dinosaurs

• Allosauroidea indet.
• Iguanodontia indet.
• Titanosauriformes indet.

Reptiles

• Aragochersis lignitesta ^[6]
• Toremys cassiopeia
• Trachydermochelys sp.
• Testudines indet.
• Anteophthalmosuchus escuchae
• Goniopholididae indet.
• Hulkepholis plotos

Fish

• Chondrichthyes indet.
• Osteichthyes indet.

Insects

Insects
Taxa	Location/site	Notes	Images
Alavaraphidia	Peñacerrada I amber	[7]
Amarantoraphidia	Peñacerrada I amber	[7]
Microcostaphron parvus	Peñacerrada I amber	[8]
Radiophron ibericus	Peñacerrada I amber	[9]
Styporaphidia? hispanica	Peñacerrada I amber	[7]

Other arthropods

Invertebrates

• Ostracoda indet.
• Bivalvia indet.
• Gastropoda indet.

Flora

• Pinophyta
• Angiospermae indet.

Correlation

Early Cretaceous stratigraphy of Iberia

Ma	Age	Paleomap \ Basins	Cantabrian	Olanyà	Cameros	Maestrazgo	Oliete	Galve	Morella	South Iberian	Pre-betic	Lusitanian
100	Cenomanian		La Cabana	Sopeira	Utrillas		Mosquerela					Caranguejeira
			Altamira		Utrillas
			Eguino
125	Albian		Ullaga - Balmaseda	Lluçà						Traiguera
			Monte Grande		Escucha		Escucha			Jijona
			Itxina - Miono
	Aptian		Valmaseda - Tellamendi		Ol Gp. - Castrillo	Benassal		Benassal				Olhos
				Font	En Gp. - Leza	Morella/ Oliete	Oliete	Villaroya	Morella	Capas Rojas		Almargem
			Patrocinio - Ernaga	Senyús	En Gp. - Jubela	Forcall				Villaroya	Upper Bedoulian	Figueira
	Barremian		Vega de Pas	Cabó	Abejar	Xert	Alacón	Xert		Huérguina		Assises
				Prada		Artoles				Collado	Moutonianum	Papo Seco
				Rúbies	Tera Gp. - Golmayo	Alacón/ Blesa	Blesa	Camarillas	Mirambel
150	Hauterivian				Ur Gp. - Pinilla	Llacova		Castellar	Tera Gp. - Pinilla	Villares		Porto da Calada
							hiatus
						Huerva			Gaita
	Valanginian		Villaro		Ur Gp. - Larriba				Ped Gp. - Hortigüela
					Ped Gp. - Hortigüela				Ped Gp. - Piedrahita
					Peñacoba			Galve		Miravetes
	Berriasian		Cab Gp. - Arcera		Valdeprado	hiatus		Alfambra
					TdL Gp. - Rupelo			Arzobispo	hiatus	Tollo
					On Gp. - Huérteles Sierra Matute
	Tithonian		Lastres		Tera Gp. - Magaña		Higuereles			Tera Gp. - Magaña		Lourinhã
									Arzobispo
					Ágreda
Legend		Major fossiliferous, oofossiliferous, ichnofossiliferous, coproliferous, minor formation
Sources

See also

• List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
• Monte Grande Formation, Albian formation of the Cantabrian Basin
• Caranguejeira Conglomerate, Aptian to Cenomanian formation of the Lusitanian Basin
• Baltic, Burmese, Dominican and Mexican amber

References

Bibliography

• Kirkland, J.I.; Alcalá, L.; Loewen, M.A.; Espílez, E.; Mampel, L.; Wiersma, J.P. (2013). "The Basal Nodosaurid Ankylosaur Europelta carbonensis n. gen., n. sp. From the Lower Cretaceous (Lower Albian) Escucha Formation of Northeastern Spain". PLoS ONE. 8 (12): e80405. Bibcode: 2013PLoSO...880405K. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080405. PMC  3847141. PMID  24312471.
• Ortega Blanco, J.; Rasnitsyn, A.P.; Delclòs, X. (2010). "A new family of ceraphronoid wasps from Early Cretaceous Álava Amber, Spain". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 55 (2): 265–276. doi: 10.4202/app.2009.0014. S2CID  58934033. Retrieved 2019-10-09.
• Pérez de la Fuente, R.; Peñalver, E.; Delclòs, X.; Engel, M.S. (2012). "Snakefly diversity in Early Cretaceous amber from Spain (Neuropterida, Raphidioptera)". ZooKeys (204): 1–40. Bibcode: 2012ZooK..204....1P. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.204.2740. PMC  3391719. PMID  22787417.
• Pérez García, A.; Espílez, E.; Mampel, L.; Alcalá, L. (2020). "A new basal turtle represented by the two most complete skeletons of Helochelydridae in Europe". Cretaceous Research. 107: Article 104291. Bibcode: 2020CrRes.10704291P. doi: 10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104291. S2CID  210279023.
• Peyrot, Daniel; Rodríguez López, Juan Pedro; Lassaletta, Luis; Meléndez, Nieves; Barrón, Eduardo (2007). "Contributions to the palaeoenvironmental knowledge of the Escucha Formation in the Lower Cretaceous Oliete Sub-basin, Teruel, Spain". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 6 (6–7): 469–481. Bibcode: 2007CRPal...6..469P. doi: 10.1016/j.crpv.2007.09.014.
• Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; Osmólska, Halszka, eds. (2004). The Dinosauria, 2nd edition. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 1–880. ISBN  9780520941434. Retrieved 2019-02-21.

Further reading

• L. Alcalá, E. Espílez, L. Mampel, J. I. Kirkland, M. Ortiga, D. Rubio, A. González, D. Ayala, A. Cobos, R. Royo-Torres, F. Gascó and M. D. Pesquero. 2012. A new Lower Cretaceous vertebrate bonebed near Arino (Tereul, Aragon, Spain); found and managed in a joint collaboration between a mining company and a palaeontological park. Geoheritage 4:275-286
• J. I. Canudo, A. Cobos, C. Martín-Closas, X. Murelaga, X. Pereda-Suberbiola, R. Royo-Torres, J. I. Ruiz-Omeñaca and L. M. Sender. 2005. Sobre la presencia de dinosaurios ornitópodos en la Formación Escucha (Cretácico Inferior, Albiense): redescubierto “Iguanodon” en Utrillas (Teruel) [On the presence of ornithopod dinosaurs in the Escucha Formation (Lower Cretaceous, Albian): redescribing “Iguanodon” in Utrillas (Teruel)]. Fundamental 6:51-56
• E. Peñalver, D. A. Grimaldi, and X. Delclos. 2006. Early Cretaceous spider web with its prey. Science 312:1761