Endometrioid tumor | |
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Histopathology of a well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma in the ovary | |
Specialty | Oncology, gynecology |
Endometrioid tumors are a class of tumors that arise in the uterus or ovaries that resemble endometrial glands on histology. [1] They account for 80% of endometrial carcinomas [1]: 724 and 20% of malignant ovarian tumors. [1]: 728
Ovarian endometrioid tumors are part of the surface epithelial tumor group of ovarian neoplasms (10–20% of which are the endometrioid type). Benign and borderline variants are rare, as the majority are malignant. There is an association with endometriosis and concurrent primary endometrial carcinoma ( endometrial cancer).
On gross pathological examination, the tumor is cystic and may be solid and some arise in cystic endometriosis. In 40% of cases, endometrioid tumors are found bilaterally. [3]
Endometrioid carcinoma can also arise in the endometrium. [4] [5]
Grades 1 and 2 are considered "type 1" endometrial cancer, while grade 3 is considered "type 2". [6]
Light microscopy shows tubular glands, resembling endometrium. [8]
Ovarian and endometrial endometrioid carcinomas have distinct CTNNB1 and PTEN gene mutation profiles. PTEN mutations are more frequent in low-grade endometrial endometrioid carcinomas (67%) compared with low-grade ovarian endometrioid carcinomas (17%). By contrast, CTNNB1 mutations are significantly different in low-grade ovarian endometrioid carcinomas (53%) compared with low-grade endometrial endometrioid carcinomas (28%). This difference in CTNNB1 mutation frequency may be reflective of the distinct tumoral microenvironments; the epithelial cells lining an endometriotic cyst within the ovary are exposed to a highly oxidative environment that promotes tumorigenesis. [9]
Endometrioid tumor | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Histopathology of a well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma in the ovary | |
Specialty | Oncology, gynecology |
Endometrioid tumors are a class of tumors that arise in the uterus or ovaries that resemble endometrial glands on histology. [1] They account for 80% of endometrial carcinomas [1]: 724 and 20% of malignant ovarian tumors. [1]: 728
Ovarian endometrioid tumors are part of the surface epithelial tumor group of ovarian neoplasms (10–20% of which are the endometrioid type). Benign and borderline variants are rare, as the majority are malignant. There is an association with endometriosis and concurrent primary endometrial carcinoma ( endometrial cancer).
On gross pathological examination, the tumor is cystic and may be solid and some arise in cystic endometriosis. In 40% of cases, endometrioid tumors are found bilaterally. [3]
Endometrioid carcinoma can also arise in the endometrium. [4] [5]
Grades 1 and 2 are considered "type 1" endometrial cancer, while grade 3 is considered "type 2". [6]
Light microscopy shows tubular glands, resembling endometrium. [8]
Ovarian and endometrial endometrioid carcinomas have distinct CTNNB1 and PTEN gene mutation profiles. PTEN mutations are more frequent in low-grade endometrial endometrioid carcinomas (67%) compared with low-grade ovarian endometrioid carcinomas (17%). By contrast, CTNNB1 mutations are significantly different in low-grade ovarian endometrioid carcinomas (53%) compared with low-grade endometrial endometrioid carcinomas (28%). This difference in CTNNB1 mutation frequency may be reflective of the distinct tumoral microenvironments; the epithelial cells lining an endometriotic cyst within the ovary are exposed to a highly oxidative environment that promotes tumorigenesis. [9]