| Idun | |
|---|---|
| Dũya | |
| Idṹ | |
| Native to | Nigeria |
| Region | Kaduna State |
Native speakers | 78,000 (2012) [1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
ldb |
| Glottolog |
idun1241 |
| Dṹ [2] | |
|---|---|
| Person | Udṹ |
| People | Adṹ |
| Language | Idṹ |
Idun (Idũ), or Dũya (Dunya, Adong, Lungu, Ungu), is a poorly attested Plateau language of Nigeria. Its classification is uncertain, but it may be closest to Ashe.
Villages
Speakers live in Ramindop B, Ùndofã̀, Udou, Táymɛ̀̃, Adar, Igbà, Mɛ̀mdɔr, Hùrtɔ̀̃, Àgbàŋànɔr, Ùmbùmbàŋ, Jàja, Ǹdam, Kùkaŋ, Ùkare, Ùnwĩĩ, Igbayinɔr, Ìdɛ̀zìnì, and Ugɛrɛ villages of Kaduna State. Hausa village names are Shinkafa, Yèlwa, Jabe Panda, and Gunduma. [3]
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Labial-palatal | Velar | Labial-velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | p b | t d | c ɟ | k ɡ | k͡p ɡ͡b | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||||
| Tap | ɾ | ɽ | ||||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||||
| Fricative | f v | s z | ʃ ʒ | x ɣ | h | |||||
| Affricate | p̪͡f b̪͡v | t͡s d͡z | ||||||||
| Approximant | j | ɥ | w | |||||||
| Lateral | (l)1 |
1. Only in recent loanwords, mostly from Hausa
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Near-Close | ɪ | ʊ | |
| Close-Mid | e | o | |
| Open-Mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | a |
All vowels except the near-close vowels /ɪ/ and /ʊ/ can appear long, nasalised or both; the vowels /ɪ/ and /ʊ/ are being lost for young speakers. [6]
Tone
There are three level tones in Idun, as well as a rising tone and falling tone arising from adjacent level tones.
References
- ^ Idun at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
- ^ Blench, Roger. 2010. The Idũ language of Central Nigeria: Phonology, wordlist and suggestions for orthography changes.
- ^ Roger Blench, The Idũ language of Central Nigeria: Phonology, wordlist and suggestions for orthography changes. (2010:6).
- ^ Roger Blench (2010:1-2).
- ^ Roger Blench (2010:1)
External links
| Idun | |
|---|---|
| Dũya | |
| Idṹ | |
| Native to | Nigeria |
| Region | Kaduna State |
Native speakers | 78,000 (2012) [1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
ldb |
| Glottolog |
idun1241 |
| Dṹ [2] | |
|---|---|
| Person | Udṹ |
| People | Adṹ |
| Language | Idṹ |
Idun (Idũ), or Dũya (Dunya, Adong, Lungu, Ungu), is a poorly attested Plateau language of Nigeria. Its classification is uncertain, but it may be closest to Ashe.
Villages
Speakers live in Ramindop B, Ùndofã̀, Udou, Táymɛ̀̃, Adar, Igbà, Mɛ̀mdɔr, Hùrtɔ̀̃, Àgbàŋànɔr, Ùmbùmbàŋ, Jàja, Ǹdam, Kùkaŋ, Ùkare, Ùnwĩĩ, Igbayinɔr, Ìdɛ̀zìnì, and Ugɛrɛ villages of Kaduna State. Hausa village names are Shinkafa, Yèlwa, Jabe Panda, and Gunduma. [3]
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Labial-palatal | Velar | Labial-velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | p b | t d | c ɟ | k ɡ | k͡p ɡ͡b | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||||
| Tap | ɾ | ɽ | ||||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||||
| Fricative | f v | s z | ʃ ʒ | x ɣ | h | |||||
| Affricate | p̪͡f b̪͡v | t͡s d͡z | ||||||||
| Approximant | j | ɥ | w | |||||||
| Lateral | (l)1 |
1. Only in recent loanwords, mostly from Hausa
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Near-Close | ɪ | ʊ | |
| Close-Mid | e | o | |
| Open-Mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | a |
All vowels except the near-close vowels /ɪ/ and /ʊ/ can appear long, nasalised or both; the vowels /ɪ/ and /ʊ/ are being lost for young speakers. [6]
Tone
There are three level tones in Idun, as well as a rising tone and falling tone arising from adjacent level tones.
References
- ^ Idun at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
- ^ Blench, Roger. 2010. The Idũ language of Central Nigeria: Phonology, wordlist and suggestions for orthography changes.
- ^ Roger Blench, The Idũ language of Central Nigeria: Phonology, wordlist and suggestions for orthography changes. (2010:6).
- ^ Roger Blench (2010:1-2).
- ^ Roger Blench (2010:1)