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Radiometric Profiling (RP) is a non-contact, rapid, real-time non-destructive testing technique that can be applied to any material. This application measures changes in a beam of gamma-ray energy as it passes through the sample being tested. The beam source is positioned on one side of the sample with the detector on the other side of the sample, measuring everything between the source and detector.
This method is unique in that it can accurately test bare and insulated material, including in-process piping, as-is. The low-level gamma-ray allows for personnel to be present while testing; there is no radiation risk or required safe work area designations.
Radiometric Profiling is applied with the Lixi Profiler, a hand-held tool connected to a portable computer with proprietary technology for recording captured data. The subject is scanned with the arm (available in multiple sizes to accommodate different subject diameters) of the Lixi Profiler.
The operating technician can use different scanning techniques to achieve different desired outcomes. The two (2) most common techniques, slice scan and axial scan, are typically used to measure or find indications of degradation, abnormalities, liquid levels, blockages, or hidden pipe components.
A slice scan is perpendicular, it reads and collects data across the axis of the subject. An axial scan is parallel, it reads and collects data along the centerline of the subject.
Calibration of the equipment to a known material standard converts the amount of radiation (light) received into a meaningful density measurement.
Radiometric Profiling measures the attenuation of a highly collimated radiation beam, with a very small radioisotope of Gadolinium-153 as an energy source, directed at a specialized detector. It then converts gamma rays to visible light in the form of photons. The detection system measures the transmitted photons and compares the results against a calibration scale.
Material is introduced between the energy source and an energy detector. The detector measures the amount of energy passing through the material (displayed as counts) and a pre-defined calibration allows for the conversion of detector measurements into calibrated values typically expressed in units compatible with the material being tested. The more material being measured the lower the counts and the higher the calibrated value. There is an inverse relationship between detector readings and the calibrated values.
For example, if a corroded area is scanned over with the Lixi Profiler, then the scan will reflect a loss of density equivalent to the loss of steel. For example, if a pit 2.50mm deep is scanned over, the Profiler will show a reduction in the graph from 21.50 mm to 19.00mm Assuming that the insulation and product density have not changed over a short distance, the only cause for a reduction in the graph would be loss from the metal pipe.
Radiometric Profiling (RP) can be applied to any material, though is most commonly used to test the mechanical integrity of industrial steel piping [2]. Other current applications include locating and measuring defects in metal support structures, timber bridges [3], copper tubing, high density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic, and fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) piping.
RP can locate/detect the following on bare material or material under insulation: [4]
RP can measure the following on bare material or material under insulation:
Advantages [5]
Disadvantages
The Lixi Profiler, a hand-held portable device, utilizes the physics of Radiometric Profiling. The Profiler has proven to be an excellent tool for detecting CUI, High Temperature Sulfidation Corrosion (HTSC), moisture in insulation, liquid levels in piping, verifying if gate valves are fully open, and more.
The Lixi Profiler is configured for conventional or rope access use, light weight, and battery operated for complete portability. The tool is assembled, calibrated, and ready to use within minutes by a trained and skilled technician. The low-level gamma radiation source is approved for on-person air travel.
A Lixi Profiler system includes [6]:
Lixi, Inc. was incorporated April 18, 1978 as an Illinois corporation to manufacture, sell, distribute and service the LixiScope. The name LIXI is actually an acronym for Low Intensity X-ray Imaging. The LixiScope and its technology are based in U.S. Patent 4,142,101 which was assigned to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as a result of their initial investment in research and development activities to bring the LixiScope to market [7]. NASA grants Lixi Research Limited Partnership a partially exclusive license for the isotope version [8] of the LixiScope on November 29, 1982.
Lixi, Inc. receives approval from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in 1985 to distribute the LixiScope to licensed users in the industrial and medical markets. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration grants Lixi, Inc. permission to market the LixiScope for medical use. Lixi's industrial x-ray tube version is registered with the FDA in accordance with the Code of Federal Regulations.
The company establishes a domestic medical and industrial domestic network and operates internationally through distributors and original equipment manufacturers. Lixi’s customers include AT&T, RCA, Texas Instruments, Hughes, Xerox, General Motors, General Electric, Motorola, TRW, Intel, Ford and General Dynamics.
In February of 1986, Lixi, Inc. loans five instruments to the FDA to investigate the Tylenol (bottle tampering) poisonings.
August 1986, Lixi, Inc. introduces its Microfocus x-ray system for the surface mount device inspection market. Lixi, Inc. also begins to provide peripheral equipment and accessories due to customer demand for complete turnkey systems.
In 1989, the Swedish Mt. Everest Expedition Team brings the LixiScope on its expedition to render proper medical care previously unavailable in remote areas.
In 1996, the American Petroleum Institute (API), through the Petroleum Environmental Research Forum (PERF), funded a project via a grant to Lixi. The intent was to develop a device that was very portable and hand-held, with technology that could identify the presence of corrosion under insulation in real time. This project was completed with the production of the Lixi Profiler in 1998.
Lixi's real-time x-ray systems, which have been used in the United States and abroad for quality assurance inspection of small components and the mechanical integrity of piping and structures are rated superior to similar instruments made by other manufacturers.
Submission declined on 11 May 2024 by
Wikishovel (
talk). This submission appears to
read more like an advertisement than an entry in an encyclopedia. Encyclopedia articles need to be written from a
neutral point of view, and should refer to a range of
independent, reliable, published sources, not just to materials produced by the creator of the subject being discussed. This is important so that the article can meet Wikipedia's
verifiability policy and the
notability of the subject can be established. If you still feel that this subject is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, please rewrite your submission to comply with these policies.
Where to get help
How to improve a draft
You can also browse Wikipedia:Featured articles and Wikipedia:Good articles to find examples of Wikipedia's best writing on topics similar to your proposed article. Improving your odds of a speedy review To improve your odds of a faster review, tag your draft with relevant WikiProject tags using the button below. This will let reviewers know a new draft has been submitted in their area of interest. For instance, if you wrote about a female astronomer, you would want to add the Biography, Astronomy, and Women scientists tags. Editor resources
|
Radiometric Profiling (RP) is a non-contact, rapid, real-time non-destructive testing technique that can be applied to any material. This application measures changes in a beam of gamma-ray energy as it passes through the sample being tested. The beam source is positioned on one side of the sample with the detector on the other side of the sample, measuring everything between the source and detector.
This method is unique in that it can accurately test bare and insulated material, including in-process piping, as-is. The low-level gamma-ray allows for personnel to be present while testing; there is no radiation risk or required safe work area designations.
Radiometric Profiling is applied with the Lixi Profiler, a hand-held tool connected to a portable computer with proprietary technology for recording captured data. The subject is scanned with the arm (available in multiple sizes to accommodate different subject diameters) of the Lixi Profiler.
The operating technician can use different scanning techniques to achieve different desired outcomes. The two (2) most common techniques, slice scan and axial scan, are typically used to measure or find indications of degradation, abnormalities, liquid levels, blockages, or hidden pipe components.
A slice scan is perpendicular, it reads and collects data across the axis of the subject. An axial scan is parallel, it reads and collects data along the centerline of the subject.
Calibration of the equipment to a known material standard converts the amount of radiation (light) received into a meaningful density measurement.
Radiometric Profiling measures the attenuation of a highly collimated radiation beam, with a very small radioisotope of Gadolinium-153 as an energy source, directed at a specialized detector. It then converts gamma rays to visible light in the form of photons. The detection system measures the transmitted photons and compares the results against a calibration scale.
Material is introduced between the energy source and an energy detector. The detector measures the amount of energy passing through the material (displayed as counts) and a pre-defined calibration allows for the conversion of detector measurements into calibrated values typically expressed in units compatible with the material being tested. The more material being measured the lower the counts and the higher the calibrated value. There is an inverse relationship between detector readings and the calibrated values.
For example, if a corroded area is scanned over with the Lixi Profiler, then the scan will reflect a loss of density equivalent to the loss of steel. For example, if a pit 2.50mm deep is scanned over, the Profiler will show a reduction in the graph from 21.50 mm to 19.00mm Assuming that the insulation and product density have not changed over a short distance, the only cause for a reduction in the graph would be loss from the metal pipe.
Radiometric Profiling (RP) can be applied to any material, though is most commonly used to test the mechanical integrity of industrial steel piping [2]. Other current applications include locating and measuring defects in metal support structures, timber bridges [3], copper tubing, high density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic, and fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) piping.
RP can locate/detect the following on bare material or material under insulation: [4]
RP can measure the following on bare material or material under insulation:
Advantages [5]
Disadvantages
The Lixi Profiler, a hand-held portable device, utilizes the physics of Radiometric Profiling. The Profiler has proven to be an excellent tool for detecting CUI, High Temperature Sulfidation Corrosion (HTSC), moisture in insulation, liquid levels in piping, verifying if gate valves are fully open, and more.
The Lixi Profiler is configured for conventional or rope access use, light weight, and battery operated for complete portability. The tool is assembled, calibrated, and ready to use within minutes by a trained and skilled technician. The low-level gamma radiation source is approved for on-person air travel.
A Lixi Profiler system includes [6]:
Lixi, Inc. was incorporated April 18, 1978 as an Illinois corporation to manufacture, sell, distribute and service the LixiScope. The name LIXI is actually an acronym for Low Intensity X-ray Imaging. The LixiScope and its technology are based in U.S. Patent 4,142,101 which was assigned to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as a result of their initial investment in research and development activities to bring the LixiScope to market [7]. NASA grants Lixi Research Limited Partnership a partially exclusive license for the isotope version [8] of the LixiScope on November 29, 1982.
Lixi, Inc. receives approval from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in 1985 to distribute the LixiScope to licensed users in the industrial and medical markets. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration grants Lixi, Inc. permission to market the LixiScope for medical use. Lixi's industrial x-ray tube version is registered with the FDA in accordance with the Code of Federal Regulations.
The company establishes a domestic medical and industrial domestic network and operates internationally through distributors and original equipment manufacturers. Lixi’s customers include AT&T, RCA, Texas Instruments, Hughes, Xerox, General Motors, General Electric, Motorola, TRW, Intel, Ford and General Dynamics.
In February of 1986, Lixi, Inc. loans five instruments to the FDA to investigate the Tylenol (bottle tampering) poisonings.
August 1986, Lixi, Inc. introduces its Microfocus x-ray system for the surface mount device inspection market. Lixi, Inc. also begins to provide peripheral equipment and accessories due to customer demand for complete turnkey systems.
In 1989, the Swedish Mt. Everest Expedition Team brings the LixiScope on its expedition to render proper medical care previously unavailable in remote areas.
In 1996, the American Petroleum Institute (API), through the Petroleum Environmental Research Forum (PERF), funded a project via a grant to Lixi. The intent was to develop a device that was very portable and hand-held, with technology that could identify the presence of corrosion under insulation in real time. This project was completed with the production of the Lixi Profiler in 1998.
Lixi's real-time x-ray systems, which have been used in the United States and abroad for quality assurance inspection of small components and the mechanical integrity of piping and structures are rated superior to similar instruments made by other manufacturers.