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Submission declined on 17 June 2024 by
TechnoSquirrel69 (
talk). This submission's references do not show that the subject
qualifies for a Wikipedia article—that is, they do not show significant coverage (not just passing mentions) about the subject in published,
reliable,
secondary sources that are
independent of the subject (see the
guidelines on the notability of people). Before any resubmission, additional references meeting these criteria should be added (see
technical help and learn about
mistakes to avoid when addressing this issue). If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia. This submission does not appear to be written in
the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. Entries should be written from a
neutral point of view, and should refer to a range of
independent, reliable, published sources. Please rewrite your submission in a more encyclopedic format. Please make sure to avoid
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This draft has been resubmitted and is currently awaiting re-review. |
Mark Kotter | |
---|---|
Born | Mark Reinhard Kotter February 14, 1971
Calgary, Canada |
Nationality | Austrian, Canadian |
Alma mater | University of Graz, University of Cambridge |
Known for | cell programming, degenerative cervical myelopathy |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Biology, Neurosciences, Medicine |
Institutions | University of Cambridge, bit.bio, clock.bio, Myelopathy.org, Meatable |
Thesis | Macrophages and CNS Remyelination |
Doctoral advisor | Robin Franklin |
Website | https://www.stemcells.cam.ac.uk/people/affiliates/kotter |
Mark Kotter (born February 14, 1971) is a neurosurgeon, biologist, and entrepreneur.
Kotter made seminal contributions to the importance of macrophages for brain regeneration, [1] His work on cell programming includes the development of opti-ox (optimized inducible overexpression). [2] [3] It has become the scientific basis of bit.bio, and Meatable, which he co-founded. Kotter's scientific contributions to the field of Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) range from the diagnosis to the aetiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of DCM. [4]
Kotter is the founder and CEO of cell coding company bit.bio, [5] which is devoted to "democratising human cells" [6] and cell therapy. Additionally, he co-founded Meatable, a company focused on cultured meat production, and is the scientific founder of Clock.bio, a rejuvenation company. He also co-founded Myelopathy.org, a charity supporting individuals with Degenerative cervical myelopathy. [7]
Kotter was born in Canada and raised in Austria, Germany, and Australia. [8] He studied medicine in Graz and earned a PhD in stem cell biology from the University of Cambridge. He completed postgraduate medical training in Berlin and Vienna and later led a research group at the Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine. In 2009, he returned to Cambridge to complete his neurosurgery residency and joined the Stem Cell Institute as a principal investigator. Following sub-specialist training in complex spinal neurosurgery at the University of Toronto with Michael Fehlings, he established his neurosurgery practice and research laboratory at the University of Cambridge's Department of Clinical Neurosciences. [9]
Kotter was among the first to recognise the role of macrophages in brain regeneration, a discovery that spurred the first regenerative medicine trial for Degenerative cervical myelopathy. [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17]
Over the past decade, he has developed opti-ox, [18] a gene targeting approach that enables the faithful execution of genetic information in cells. His discoveries refute the theory that stochastically determined permissive states are required for cellular reprogramming [19] and have opened up the possibility of producing any human cell, within days, at purities approaching 100%. [20] Inspired by Marius Wernig [21]'s [21] and Thomas Südhof's work, he focussed on applying a synthetic biology [22] approach and developed a protocol for reprogramming pluripotent stem cells into oligodendrocytes. [23] In 2012, he succeeded in creating a batch of oligodendrocytes. He and his colleagues ultimately found a way to circumvent the gene silencing, by introducing the genetic instructions into "safe harbors" in the genome. [18] Their patented technique is known as opti-ox, [2] which stands for "optimised inducible over-expression [24]".
In 2016, Kotter founded it as Elpis Biomed, the company's name later changed to bit.bio to give a clearer indication of its function in cell coding: "bit" refers to the smallest building block in coding, while "bio" refers to the live cells that are being reprogrammed. [25] bit.bio leverages the opti-ox technology to program human cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). [26] [27]The company aims to transition biology into engineering [28], addressing significant medical needs. [29] Notable board members include Hermann Hauser and Sir Gregory Winter, with Dr. Roger Pedersen [30] serving as the chief scientific advisor. In 2023, bit.bio partnered with BlueRock Therapeutics, [31] a Bayer subsidiary, to develop regulatory T cell therapies.
In 2015, Kotter co-founded Myelopathy.org [7] with neurosurgeon Ben Davies [32] and patient Iwan Sadler. [33] The charity is dedicated to supporting individuals with Degenerative cervical myelopathy [10] by enhancing patient advocacy and clinical practices. Myelopathy.org received the Points of Light Award from the British Prime Minister in February 2020. [34] Dr. Kotter is also a member of the AOSpine Knowledge Forum Spinal Cord Injury [35] and leads several international initiatives, including the RECODE-DCM project. [36]
In 2018, Kotter co-founded Meatable with Krijn de Nood [37] and Daan Luining. [38] The company develops cultured meat using porcine and bovine pluripotent stem cells, addressing environmental concerns associated with traditional agriculture.
Kotter launched clock.bio [39] in 2023, a rejuvenation company [40] that aims to extend and improve quality of life by reversing the harmful effects of time in our cells, harnessing the regenerative capabilities of human pluripotent stem cells. The company is founded on the insight that hiPSCs can be force-aged to display the hallmarks of ageing. [41] This triggers self-rejuvenation mechanisms which can be interrogated for the identification of gene candidates that are causally relevant for cell rejuvenation. Comprehensive genome-wide CRISPR screens result in a comprehensive 'atlas of rejuvenation genes'. [41]
Review waiting, please be patient.
This may take 4 months or more, since drafts are reviewed in no specific order. There are 3,105 pending submissions waiting for review.
Where to get help
How to improve a draft
You can also browse Wikipedia:Featured articles and Wikipedia:Good articles to find examples of Wikipedia's best writing on topics similar to your proposed article. Improving your odds of a speedy review To improve your odds of a faster review, tag your draft with relevant WikiProject tags using the button below. This will let reviewers know a new draft has been submitted in their area of interest. For instance, if you wrote about a female astronomer, you would want to add the Biography, Astronomy, and Women scientists tags. Editor resources
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|
Submission declined on 17 June 2024 by
TechnoSquirrel69 (
talk). This submission's references do not show that the subject
qualifies for a Wikipedia article—that is, they do not show significant coverage (not just passing mentions) about the subject in published,
reliable,
secondary sources that are
independent of the subject (see the
guidelines on the notability of people). Before any resubmission, additional references meeting these criteria should be added (see
technical help and learn about
mistakes to avoid when addressing this issue). If no additional references exist, the subject is not suitable for Wikipedia. This submission does not appear to be written in
the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. Entries should be written from a
neutral point of view, and should refer to a range of
independent, reliable, published sources. Please rewrite your submission in a more encyclopedic format. Please make sure to avoid
peacock terms that promote the subject.
Where to get help
How to improve a draft
You can also browse Wikipedia:Featured articles and Wikipedia:Good articles to find examples of Wikipedia's best writing on topics similar to your proposed article. Improving your odds of a speedy review To improve your odds of a faster review, tag your draft with relevant WikiProject tags using the button below. This will let reviewers know a new draft has been submitted in their area of interest. For instance, if you wrote about a female astronomer, you would want to add the Biography, Astronomy, and Women scientists tags. Editor resources
This draft has been resubmitted and is currently awaiting re-review. |
Mark Kotter | |
---|---|
Born | Mark Reinhard Kotter February 14, 1971
Calgary, Canada |
Nationality | Austrian, Canadian |
Alma mater | University of Graz, University of Cambridge |
Known for | cell programming, degenerative cervical myelopathy |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Biology, Neurosciences, Medicine |
Institutions | University of Cambridge, bit.bio, clock.bio, Myelopathy.org, Meatable |
Thesis | Macrophages and CNS Remyelination |
Doctoral advisor | Robin Franklin |
Website | https://www.stemcells.cam.ac.uk/people/affiliates/kotter |
Mark Kotter (born February 14, 1971) is a neurosurgeon, biologist, and entrepreneur.
Kotter made seminal contributions to the importance of macrophages for brain regeneration, [1] His work on cell programming includes the development of opti-ox (optimized inducible overexpression). [2] [3] It has become the scientific basis of bit.bio, and Meatable, which he co-founded. Kotter's scientific contributions to the field of Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) range from the diagnosis to the aetiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of DCM. [4]
Kotter is the founder and CEO of cell coding company bit.bio, [5] which is devoted to "democratising human cells" [6] and cell therapy. Additionally, he co-founded Meatable, a company focused on cultured meat production, and is the scientific founder of Clock.bio, a rejuvenation company. He also co-founded Myelopathy.org, a charity supporting individuals with Degenerative cervical myelopathy. [7]
Kotter was born in Canada and raised in Austria, Germany, and Australia. [8] He studied medicine in Graz and earned a PhD in stem cell biology from the University of Cambridge. He completed postgraduate medical training in Berlin and Vienna and later led a research group at the Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine. In 2009, he returned to Cambridge to complete his neurosurgery residency and joined the Stem Cell Institute as a principal investigator. Following sub-specialist training in complex spinal neurosurgery at the University of Toronto with Michael Fehlings, he established his neurosurgery practice and research laboratory at the University of Cambridge's Department of Clinical Neurosciences. [9]
Kotter was among the first to recognise the role of macrophages in brain regeneration, a discovery that spurred the first regenerative medicine trial for Degenerative cervical myelopathy. [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17]
Over the past decade, he has developed opti-ox, [18] a gene targeting approach that enables the faithful execution of genetic information in cells. His discoveries refute the theory that stochastically determined permissive states are required for cellular reprogramming [19] and have opened up the possibility of producing any human cell, within days, at purities approaching 100%. [20] Inspired by Marius Wernig [21]'s [21] and Thomas Südhof's work, he focussed on applying a synthetic biology [22] approach and developed a protocol for reprogramming pluripotent stem cells into oligodendrocytes. [23] In 2012, he succeeded in creating a batch of oligodendrocytes. He and his colleagues ultimately found a way to circumvent the gene silencing, by introducing the genetic instructions into "safe harbors" in the genome. [18] Their patented technique is known as opti-ox, [2] which stands for "optimised inducible over-expression [24]".
In 2016, Kotter founded it as Elpis Biomed, the company's name later changed to bit.bio to give a clearer indication of its function in cell coding: "bit" refers to the smallest building block in coding, while "bio" refers to the live cells that are being reprogrammed. [25] bit.bio leverages the opti-ox technology to program human cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). [26] [27]The company aims to transition biology into engineering [28], addressing significant medical needs. [29] Notable board members include Hermann Hauser and Sir Gregory Winter, with Dr. Roger Pedersen [30] serving as the chief scientific advisor. In 2023, bit.bio partnered with BlueRock Therapeutics, [31] a Bayer subsidiary, to develop regulatory T cell therapies.
In 2015, Kotter co-founded Myelopathy.org [7] with neurosurgeon Ben Davies [32] and patient Iwan Sadler. [33] The charity is dedicated to supporting individuals with Degenerative cervical myelopathy [10] by enhancing patient advocacy and clinical practices. Myelopathy.org received the Points of Light Award from the British Prime Minister in February 2020. [34] Dr. Kotter is also a member of the AOSpine Knowledge Forum Spinal Cord Injury [35] and leads several international initiatives, including the RECODE-DCM project. [36]
In 2018, Kotter co-founded Meatable with Krijn de Nood [37] and Daan Luining. [38] The company develops cultured meat using porcine and bovine pluripotent stem cells, addressing environmental concerns associated with traditional agriculture.
Kotter launched clock.bio [39] in 2023, a rejuvenation company [40] that aims to extend and improve quality of life by reversing the harmful effects of time in our cells, harnessing the regenerative capabilities of human pluripotent stem cells. The company is founded on the insight that hiPSCs can be force-aged to display the hallmarks of ageing. [41] This triggers self-rejuvenation mechanisms which can be interrogated for the identification of gene candidates that are causally relevant for cell rejuvenation. Comprehensive genome-wide CRISPR screens result in a comprehensive 'atlas of rejuvenation genes'. [41]