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This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources:  "List of state leaders in 1900" –  news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2024) ( Learn how and when to remove this message)

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1900.

Africa

•   Ashanti Confederacy - Opoku Mensa, Chair of the Committee of Administration (1896–1900) Ashanti annexed to the British Gold Coast colony in 1900
•   Abyssinia - Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (1889–1913)
• German East Africa - Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1888–1918)
  • Burundi - Mwezi IV Gisabo, King of Burundi (1852–1908)
  • Kingdom of Rwanda - Yuhi V (1896–1931)
•   Liberia
  1. William D. Coleman, President of Liberia (1896–1900)
  2. Garretson W. Gibson, President of Liberia (1900–1904)
• Sultanate of Morocco - Abdelaziz (1894–1908)
•   Orange Free State - Martinus Theunis Steyn, State President of the Orange Free State (1896–1902)
•   South African Republic (Transvaal) -
  • Paul Kruger, State President of the South African Republic (1883–1902)
  • Schalk Willem Burger (acting), State President of the South African Republic (1900–1902)
• Swaziland - Sobhuza II
• Sultanate of Zanzibar - Hamoud bin Mohammed (1896–1902)
• Wadai Empire -

1. Ibrahim ibn ‘Ali (1898-1900)
2. Ahmad Abu al-Ghazali ibn ‘Ali (1900-1901)

Asia

•   Afghanistan - Abdur Rahman Khan, King of Afghanistan (1880–1901)
• China ( Qing dynasty)
  • Emperor - Guangxu Emperor (1875–1908)
  • De facto ruler - Empress Dowager Cixi (1898–1908)
  • Tibet - Thubten Gyatso, 13th Dalai Lama (1876–1933)
• Emirate of Ha'il ( House of Al Rashid) - Abdul-Aziz bin Mitab, Amirs of the House of Rashid (1897–1906)
•   Japan
  • Monarch - Meiji Emperor (1867–1912)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Yamagata Aritomo (1898–1900)
    2. Itō Hirobumi(1900–1901)
•   Korea ( Korean Empire) - Gojong (1864–1907, King before 1897)
• Nepal – Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah (1881–1911), Maharajadhiraja of Nepal
• Oman - Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Oman (1888–1913)
• Persia - Mozzafar-al-Din Shah, Shah of Persia (1896–1907)
• Philippine Republic - Emilio Aguinaldo, President of the Philippines (1899–1901)
• Rajpipla State - Chhatrasinhji (1897-1915)
• Siam - Rama V, King of Siam (1868–1910)

Europe

•   Andorra
  • Co-Princes -
    • French Co-Prince - Émile Loubet, President of France (1899–1906)
    • Episcopal Co-Prince - Salvador Casañas y Pagés, Bishop of Urgell (1879–1901)
  • First Syndic - Josep Calva (1899–1901)
•   Austria-Hungary - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848–1916)
  • Minister-President of Austria -
  1. Heinrich Ritter von Wittek (1899–1900)
  2. Ernst von Koerber (1900–1904)
  • Minister-President of Hungary - Kálmán Széll (1899–1903)
•   Belgium
  • Monarch - Léopold II, King of the Belgians (1865–1909)
  • Cabinet Chief - Paul de Smet de Naeyer (1899–1907)
•   Kingdom of Bulgaria
  • Monarch - Ferdinand I of Bulgaria (1886–1918)
  • Prime Minister - Todor Ivanchov (1899–1901)
•   Cretan State - Prince George of Greece, High Commissioner of Crete, (1898–1906)
•   Denmark
  • Monarch - Christian IX (1863–1906)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Hugo Egmont Hørring (1897–1900)
    2. Hannibal Sehested (1900–1901)
• French Third Republic -
  • President - Émile Loubet (1899–1906)
  • President of the Council - René Waldeck-Rousseau (1899–1902)
•   German Empire -
  • Monarch - Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1888–1918)
  • Chancellor -
    1. Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1894–1900)
    2. Count Bernhard von Bülow (1900–1909)
  • Kingdom of Prussia -
    • Monarch - Wilhelm II (1888–1918)
    • Minister-President -
      1. Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1894–1900)
      2. Count Bernhard von Bülow (1900–1909)
  • Kingdom of Bavaria - Otto (1886–1913)
  •   Saxony - Albert, King of Saxony (1873–1902)
  •   Württemberg - William II, King of Württemberg (1891–1918)
• Kingdom of Greece
  • Monarch - George I (1863–1913)
  • Prime Minister - Georgios Theotokis (1899–1901)
• Holy See - Pope Leo XIII (1878–1903)
•   Kingdom of Italy
  • Monarch -
    1. Umberto I (1878–1900)
    2. Vittorio Emanuele III (1900–1946)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Luigi Pelloux (1898–1900)
    2. Giuseppe Saracco (1900–1901)
•   Luxembourg
  • Monarch - Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1890–1905)
  • Prime Minister - Paul Eyschen (1888–1915)
•   Kingdom of Montenegro
  • Monarch - Nicholas I, Prince of Montenegro (1860–1918)
  • Prime Minister - Bozo Petrovic-Njegos (1879–1905)
•   Netherlands
  • Monarch - Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)
  • Chairman of the Dutch Council of Ministers - Nicolaas Pierson (1897–1901)
•   Norway
  • Monarch - Oscar II (1872–1905)
  • Prime Minister - Johannes Steen (1898–1902)
•   Ottoman (Turkish) Empire -
  • Sultan - Abdul Hamid II (1876–1909)
  • Grand Vizier - Halil Rifat Pasha (1895–1901)
•   Portugal
  • Monarch - Carlos I, King of Portugal (1889–1908)
  • President of the Council of Ministers -
    1. José Luciano de Castro (1897–1900)
    2. Ernesto Hintze Ribeiro (1900–1904)
•   Kingdom of Romania
  • Monarch - Carol I (1881–1914)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Gheorghe Cantacuzino (1899–1900)
    2. Petre Carp (1900–1901)
•   Russian Empire - Nicholas II (1894–1917)
•   Kingdom of Serbia
  • Monarch - Alexander I (1889–1903)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Vladan Đorđević (1897–1900)
    2. Aleksa Jovanović (1900–1901)
• Spain -
  • Monarch - Alfonso XIII (1886–1931), under the regency of his mother Queen Maria Christina (1885–1902)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Francisco Silvela Le Vielleuze (1899–1900)
    2. Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero (1900–1902)
•   Sweden -
  • Monarch - Oscar II, King of Sweden (1872–1907)
  • Prime Minister -
  1. Erik Gustaf Boström (1891–1900)
  2. Fredrik von Otter (1900–1902)
•    Switzerland - Walter Hauser, President of the Swiss Confederation (1900)
•   United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland -
  • Monarch - Victoria (1837–1901)
  • Prime Minister - Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (1885–1886, 1886–1892, 1895–1902)

North America

•   Dominion of Canada
  • Monarch: Victoria of the United Kingdom (1867–1901)
  • Governor-General - Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto (1898–1904)
  • Prime Minister - Sir Wilfrid Laurier (1896–1911)
•   Costa Rica - Rafael Yglesias Castro, President of Costa Rica (1894–1902)
•   Dominican Republic: Juan Isidro Jimenes, President of the Dominican Republic (1899–1902)
•   El Salvador: Tomás Regalado, President of El Salvador (1898–1903)
•   Guatemala: Manuel José Estrada Cabrera, President of Guatemala (1898–1920)
•   Haiti: Tirésias Simon Sam, President of Haiti (1896–1902)
•   Honduras: Terencio Sierra, President of Honduras (1899–1903)
•   Mexico: Porfirio Díaz, President of Mexico (1876–1880; 1884–1911)
• Nicaragua: José Santos Zelaya, President of Nicaragua, (1893–1909)
•   United States: William McKinley, President of the United States (1897–1901)

Oceania

• New Zealand
  • Monarch - Victoria of the United Kingdom (1837–1901)
  • Governor-General - Uchter Knox, 5th Earl of Ranfurly (1897–1904)
  • Prime Minister - Richard Seddon (1893–1906)
• Niue
  • Queen of the United Kingdom - Victoria (1900–1901)
  • King of Niue - Togia-Pulu-toaki (1896-?)
• Samoa
  • Emperor of Germany - William II (1900–1914)
  • Malietoa - Malietoa Tanumafili I (1898–1939)
•   Tonga
  • Monarch - George Tupou II, King of Tonga (1893–1918)
  • Prime Minister - Siosateki Veikune, Prime Minister of Tonga, (1893–1904)

South America

• Republic of Acre: Luiz Galvez Rodrigues de Aria, President of Acre (1899–1900)
•   Argentina: Julio A. Roca, President of Argentina (1898–1904)
•   Bolivia: Manuel Pando, President of Bolivia (1899–1904)
•   Brazil: Manuel Ferraz de Campos Sales, President of Brazil (1898–1902)
•   Chile: Federico Errázuriz Echaurren, President of Chile (1896–1901)
•   Colombia:
  1. Manuel Antonio Sanclemente, President of Colombia (1898–1900)
  2. José Manuel Marroquín, President of Colombia (1900–1904)
•   Ecuador: Eloy Alfaro, President of Ecuador (1895–1901)
•   Paraguay: Emilio Aceval, President of Paraguay (1898–1902)
•   Peru: Eduardo López de Romaña, President of Peru (1899–1903)
•   Uruguay - Juan Lindolfo Cuestas, President of Uruguay (1899–1903)
•   Venezuela: Cipriano Castro, President of Venezuela (1899–1908)

References