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Submission declined on 7 June 2024 by
DMacks (
talk).
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This draft has been resubmitted and is currently awaiting re-review. |
Submission declined on 15 May 2024 by
CSMention269 (
talk). This submission is not adequately supported by
reliable sources. Reliable sources are required so that information can be
verified. If you need help with referencing, please see
Referencing for beginners and
Citing sources. Declined by
CSMention269 31 days ago. |
Submission declined on 12 May 2024 by
Liance (
talk). This submission is not adequately supported by
reliable sources. Reliable sources are required so that information can be
verified. If you need help with referencing, please see
Referencing for beginners and
Citing sources. Declined by
Liance 35 days ago. |
Submission declined on 9 May 2024 by
Iwaqarhashmi (
talk). This submission is not adequately supported by
reliable sources. Reliable sources are required so that information can be
verified. If you need help with referencing, please see
Referencing for beginners and
Citing sources. Declined by
Iwaqarhashmi 37 days ago. |
Contact-electro-catalysis (CEC), first proposed by Prof. Zhong Lin Wang’s group in 2022, refers to a process that exploits the electron transfer during contact-electrification (CE) to promote chemical reactions. [1] The solid to be used in CEC involves pristine polymers (FEP, PTFE), [2] [3] [4] inorganics (SiO2), [5] [6] and matrix composites. [7] [8] The energy source of CEC is mechanical stimuli such as ultrasonication and ball milling. [1] [2] [9] The ubiquity of CE and the diversity of mechanical stimuli enables CEC with broad materials selection range and application fields. [10] [11] [12]
Contact-electrification (CE), also known as triboelectrification, is a ubiquitous phenomenon across various interfaces. [13] [14] [15] In addition to the well-known CE phenomenon at solid-solid interfaces, CE can also take place when a liquid contacts with a solid. [16] The two surfaces after CE become oppositely charged, and a series of recent investigations have ascribed it to the CE-driven electron transfer. [17] [18] [19] An “electron-cloud-potential-well” model has been proposed by Prof. Zhong Lin Wang to elucidate the mechanism of electron transfer during CE. [13] In association with the electron exchange process in a typical catalytic process, the concept of CEC has been proposed by using the CE-driven electron transfer for promote chemical reactions. [1] [2]
Pristine polymers. Pristine polymers is the first proposed CEC catalysts. [1] Wang et al., have utilized FEP to catalyze the degradation of via CEC. [1] Besides, Zhao et al., have employed CEC at PTFE surfaces to facilitate the fabrication of H2O2. [3] Owing to the high CE capabilities and inherent catalytic inertness, the successful utilization of pristine polymers also serves as compelling evidence for the viability of CEC.
Oxides. The reduced CE ability of polymers at elevated temperatures may hinder the application of CEC in catalyzing high-temperature chemical reactions. [20] In response to this challenge, Li et al. have demonstrated that the SiO2-based CEC can promote the leach process of cathode materials in lithium ion batteries (LIBs) even at 90 °C. [5]
Matrix composites. The ubiquity of CE also provides abundant opportunities for synergy with existing catalytic strategies. For example, Zhang et al. have demonstrated that the pristine MIL-101 (Cr) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be employed for CEC after grafting pyridine molecular groups.7 More importantly, Jiang et al. have devised a ZnO@PTFE composites for combining CEC with piezocatalysis in one system. The overall degradation rate was improved by 444.23 %. [8]
Ultrasonication. Ultrasonication is the first proposed strategy for inducing CEC, which mainly uses the variation of cavitation bubbles during the propagation of ultrasonic waves. [1] In particular, cavitation bubble nuclei tend to develop near dissolved gases (such as O2), and their growth will encapsulate these neighboring gas molecules. Upon reaching a critical size, the collapse of a cavitation bubble releases the trapped gas molecules, generating a high-pressure microjet capable of inducing contact-separation cycles and subsequent electron exchange.
Ball milling. Wang et al. have demonstrated that the ball milling is also effective for initiating CEC. [2] The utilization of triboelectric materials in a ball milling setup is anticipated to induce evident CE phenomena during collisions. In virtue of the grinding-based CEC, 50 mL 5-ppm MO aqueous solution can be degraded in 2 hours.
Organic pollutants degradation. The methyl orange (MO) aqueous solution can be degraded by FEP powder or other dielectrics through CEC despite they are highly chemically inert and has never been reported with any catalytic activity. [2] [4] [7] [8] Other organic pollutants, such as acid orange 17 (AO-17) and rhodamine B (RhB), can also be degraded through a similar process. [1]
Direct synthesis of H2O2. Zhao et al. have first utilized CEC for synthesis of H2O2 under ambient conditions by ultrasonicating PTFE powder in DI water. [3] The yield can reach as high as 313 μmol L-1 h-1, and this strategy is feasible even under anerobic conditions. The formation mechanism of H2O2 during CEC is further illustrated by a subsequent study. [21]
Recycle of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). By using the CE-driven electron transfer on SiO2 particle surfaces, Li et al. have achieved a high leaching efficiency of 100 % for Li and 92.19 % for Co for lithium cobalt (Ⅲ) oxide (LCO) batteries, and the used SiO2 could be easily recycled with nearly no diminution in catalytic efficiency. [5]
Contiuous synthesis of ammonia. The group lead by Prof. Richard N. Zare have found that the CEC is feasible for synthesizing ammonia from water and dissolved nitrogen. [22] By ultrasonicating PTFE powder in DI water with N2 gas, the yield of ammonia is as high as 420 μmol L−1 h−1 per gram of PTFE under room termperature. [11]
Review waiting, please be patient.
This may take 3 months or more, since drafts are reviewed in no specific order. There are 3,293 pending submissions waiting for review.
Where to get help
How to improve a draft
You can also browse Wikipedia:Featured articles and Wikipedia:Good articles to find examples of Wikipedia's best writing on topics similar to your proposed article. Improving your odds of a speedy review To improve your odds of a faster review, tag your draft with relevant WikiProject tags using the button below. This will let reviewers know a new draft has been submitted in their area of interest. For instance, if you wrote about a female astronomer, you would want to add the Biography, Astronomy, and Women scientists tags. Editor resources
Reviewer tools
|
Submission declined on 7 June 2024 by
DMacks (
talk). This draft's references do not show that the subject
qualifies for a Wikipedia article. In summary, the draft needs multiple published sources that are:
Where to get help
How to improve a draft
You can also browse Wikipedia:Featured articles and Wikipedia:Good articles to find examples of Wikipedia's best writing on topics similar to your proposed article. Improving your odds of a speedy review To improve your odds of a faster review, tag your draft with relevant WikiProject tags using the button below. This will let reviewers know a new draft has been submitted in their area of interest. For instance, if you wrote about a female astronomer, you would want to add the Biography, Astronomy, and Women scientists tags. Editor resources
This draft has been resubmitted and is currently awaiting re-review. |
Submission declined on 15 May 2024 by
CSMention269 (
talk). This submission is not adequately supported by
reliable sources. Reliable sources are required so that information can be
verified. If you need help with referencing, please see
Referencing for beginners and
Citing sources. Declined by
CSMention269 31 days ago. |
Submission declined on 12 May 2024 by
Liance (
talk). This submission is not adequately supported by
reliable sources. Reliable sources are required so that information can be
verified. If you need help with referencing, please see
Referencing for beginners and
Citing sources. Declined by
Liance 35 days ago. |
Submission declined on 9 May 2024 by
Iwaqarhashmi (
talk). This submission is not adequately supported by
reliable sources. Reliable sources are required so that information can be
verified. If you need help with referencing, please see
Referencing for beginners and
Citing sources. Declined by
Iwaqarhashmi 37 days ago. |
Contact-electro-catalysis (CEC), first proposed by Prof. Zhong Lin Wang’s group in 2022, refers to a process that exploits the electron transfer during contact-electrification (CE) to promote chemical reactions. [1] The solid to be used in CEC involves pristine polymers (FEP, PTFE), [2] [3] [4] inorganics (SiO2), [5] [6] and matrix composites. [7] [8] The energy source of CEC is mechanical stimuli such as ultrasonication and ball milling. [1] [2] [9] The ubiquity of CE and the diversity of mechanical stimuli enables CEC with broad materials selection range and application fields. [10] [11] [12]
Contact-electrification (CE), also known as triboelectrification, is a ubiquitous phenomenon across various interfaces. [13] [14] [15] In addition to the well-known CE phenomenon at solid-solid interfaces, CE can also take place when a liquid contacts with a solid. [16] The two surfaces after CE become oppositely charged, and a series of recent investigations have ascribed it to the CE-driven electron transfer. [17] [18] [19] An “electron-cloud-potential-well” model has been proposed by Prof. Zhong Lin Wang to elucidate the mechanism of electron transfer during CE. [13] In association with the electron exchange process in a typical catalytic process, the concept of CEC has been proposed by using the CE-driven electron transfer for promote chemical reactions. [1] [2]
Pristine polymers. Pristine polymers is the first proposed CEC catalysts. [1] Wang et al., have utilized FEP to catalyze the degradation of via CEC. [1] Besides, Zhao et al., have employed CEC at PTFE surfaces to facilitate the fabrication of H2O2. [3] Owing to the high CE capabilities and inherent catalytic inertness, the successful utilization of pristine polymers also serves as compelling evidence for the viability of CEC.
Oxides. The reduced CE ability of polymers at elevated temperatures may hinder the application of CEC in catalyzing high-temperature chemical reactions. [20] In response to this challenge, Li et al. have demonstrated that the SiO2-based CEC can promote the leach process of cathode materials in lithium ion batteries (LIBs) even at 90 °C. [5]
Matrix composites. The ubiquity of CE also provides abundant opportunities for synergy with existing catalytic strategies. For example, Zhang et al. have demonstrated that the pristine MIL-101 (Cr) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be employed for CEC after grafting pyridine molecular groups.7 More importantly, Jiang et al. have devised a ZnO@PTFE composites for combining CEC with piezocatalysis in one system. The overall degradation rate was improved by 444.23 %. [8]
Ultrasonication. Ultrasonication is the first proposed strategy for inducing CEC, which mainly uses the variation of cavitation bubbles during the propagation of ultrasonic waves. [1] In particular, cavitation bubble nuclei tend to develop near dissolved gases (such as O2), and their growth will encapsulate these neighboring gas molecules. Upon reaching a critical size, the collapse of a cavitation bubble releases the trapped gas molecules, generating a high-pressure microjet capable of inducing contact-separation cycles and subsequent electron exchange.
Ball milling. Wang et al. have demonstrated that the ball milling is also effective for initiating CEC. [2] The utilization of triboelectric materials in a ball milling setup is anticipated to induce evident CE phenomena during collisions. In virtue of the grinding-based CEC, 50 mL 5-ppm MO aqueous solution can be degraded in 2 hours.
Organic pollutants degradation. The methyl orange (MO) aqueous solution can be degraded by FEP powder or other dielectrics through CEC despite they are highly chemically inert and has never been reported with any catalytic activity. [2] [4] [7] [8] Other organic pollutants, such as acid orange 17 (AO-17) and rhodamine B (RhB), can also be degraded through a similar process. [1]
Direct synthesis of H2O2. Zhao et al. have first utilized CEC for synthesis of H2O2 under ambient conditions by ultrasonicating PTFE powder in DI water. [3] The yield can reach as high as 313 μmol L-1 h-1, and this strategy is feasible even under anerobic conditions. The formation mechanism of H2O2 during CEC is further illustrated by a subsequent study. [21]
Recycle of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). By using the CE-driven electron transfer on SiO2 particle surfaces, Li et al. have achieved a high leaching efficiency of 100 % for Li and 92.19 % for Co for lithium cobalt (Ⅲ) oxide (LCO) batteries, and the used SiO2 could be easily recycled with nearly no diminution in catalytic efficiency. [5]
Contiuous synthesis of ammonia. The group lead by Prof. Richard N. Zare have found that the CEC is feasible for synthesizing ammonia from water and dissolved nitrogen. [22] By ultrasonicating PTFE powder in DI water with N2 gas, the yield of ammonia is as high as 420 μmol L−1 h−1 per gram of PTFE under room termperature. [11]
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