The DNa inscription (abbreviation for Darius Naqsh-e Rostam inscription "a") is a famous Achaemenid royal inscription located in Naqsh-e Rostam, Iran. It dates to c. 490 BCE, the time of Darius the Great, and appears in the top-left corner of the faรงade of his tomb.
Content
The inscription mentions the conquests of Darius the Great and his various achievements during his life. Its exact date is not known, but it can be assumed to be from the last decade of his reign. [6]
Like several other inscriptions by Darius, the territories controlled by the Achaemenid Empire are clearly listed. [7]
The nationalities mentioned in the DNa inscription are otherwise vividly illustrated through the large sculptural relief on the upper registers of all the tombs, including that of Darius I, at Naqsh-e Rostam. [4] [5] One of the best preserved is that of Xerxes I.
Script
The inscription is written in the Old Persian cuneiform, a nearly alphabetical, simple form of the ancient cuneiform scripts (36 phonetic characters and 8 logograms), which was specially designed and used by the early Achaemenid rulers from the 6th century BCE. [8]
| k- | x- | g- | c- | รง- | j- | t- | ฮธ- | d- | p- | f- | b- | n- | m- | y- | v- | r- | l- | s- | z- | ลก- | h- | ||
| -(a) | ๐ | ๐ฃ | ๐ง | ๐ฅ | ๐จ | ๐ | ๐ฉ | ๐ซ | ๐ฐ | ๐ญ | ๐ฑ | ๐ณ | ๐ฒ | ๐ด | ๐ถ | ๐น | ๐บ | ๐ผ | ๐พ | ๐ฟ | ๐ | ๐ | ๐ |
| -i | ๐ก | โ | โ | ๐ช | ๐ฎ | ๐ท | ๐ป | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -u | ๐ข | ๐ค | ๐ฆ | โ | ๐ฌ | ๐ฏ | ๐ต | ๐ธ | โ | ๐ฝ |
Full inscription
The full inscriptions consists in two parts, the first one being related to a description of the lineage of Darius, as well as a list of the countries under his rule. The second part is more religious in nature and related to the cult of Ahuramazda.
| English translation (Part I) | Transliteration | Original |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
| English translation (Part II) | Transliteration | Original |
|
|
|
Specific country names
The DNa inscription records the various territories under the rule of Darius I.
-
The name for Lydia: Sparda ( ๐ฟ๐ฑ๐ผ๐ญ). -
The name for India: Hidลซลก ( ๐๐ก๐ฏ๐ข๐ in Old Persian cuneiform) in the DNa inscription. -
![The presumed name for Ancient Macedonians: ๐น๐ข๐ด๐ ๐๐ซ๐ฃ๐ฒ๐ผ๐ , Yaunฤ takabarฤ, "Ionians with shield-hats", referring to the petasos or kausia.[12]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/DNa_Inscription_Yaun%C4%81_takabar%C4%81.jpg/200px-DNa_Inscription_Yaun%C4%81_takabar%C4%81.jpg)
The presumed name for Ancient Macedonians: ๐น๐ข๐ด๐ ๐๐ซ๐ฃ๐ฒ๐ผ๐ , Yaunฤ takabarฤ, "Ionians with shield-hats", referring to the petasos or kausia. [12] -
The name for Sattagydia ( ๐ฐ๐ซ๐ฆ๐ข๐, Thataguลก) in the DNa inscription. -
-
-
The name for Arabia: Arabฤya ( ๐ ๐ผ๐ฒ๐ ๐น) -
The name for Assyria: ฤ/thลซrฤ (๐ /๐ฐ๐ข๐ผ๐ )
![The presumed name for Ancient Macedonians: ๐น๐ข๐ด๐ ๐๐ซ๐ฃ๐ฒ๐ผ๐ , Yaunฤ takabarฤ, "Ionians with shield-hats", referring to the petasos or kausia.[12]](/info/en/?search=File:DNa_Inscription_Yaun%C4%81_takabar%C4%81.jpg){kind=small}
References
- ^ O'Brien, Patrick Karl (2002). Oxford Atlas of World History. Oxford University Press. pp. 42โ43. ISBN 9780195219210. Western portion of the Achaemenid Empire appears on page 42, eastern portion on page 43.
- ^ Barraclough, Geoffrey (1989). The Times Atlas of World History. Times Books. p. 79. ISBN 0723003041.
- ^ O'Brien, Patrick (1999). Philip's Atlas of World History. George Philips Limited. pp. 42โ43. ISBN 0681031891.
- ^ a b The Achaemenid Empire in South Asia and Recent Excavations in Akra in Northwest Pakistan Peter Magee, Cameron Petrie, Robert Knox, Farid Khan, Ken Thomas p.713-714
- ^ a b NAQล -E ROSTAM โ Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- ^ Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica (in French). Instituut voor Oriรซntalistiek. 1974. p. 23.
- ^ Briant, Pierre (2002). From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire. Eisenbrauns. p. 173. ISBN 9781575061207.
- ^ Schmitt, R. (2008), "Old Persian", in Roger D. Woodard (ed.), The Ancient Languages of Asia and the Americas (illustrated ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 77, ISBN 978-0521684941
- ^
a
b Tolman, Herbert Cushing (1893).
A guide to the Old Persian inscriptions. New York, Cincinnati [etc.] American book company. p. 146.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
public domain.
- ^ a b c d e f "DNa - Livius". www.livius.org.
- ^ a b Alcock, Susan E.; Alcock, John H. D'Arms Collegiate Professor of Classical Archaeology and Classics and Arthur F. Thurnau Professor Susan E.; D'Altroy, Terence N.; Morrison, Kathleen D.; Sinopoli, Carla M. (2001). Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History. Cambridge University Press. p. 105. ISBN 9780521770200.
- ^ Darius I, DNa inscription, Line 29
The DNa inscription (abbreviation for Darius Naqsh-e Rostam inscription "a") is a famous Achaemenid royal inscription located in Naqsh-e Rostam, Iran. It dates to c. 490 BCE, the time of Darius the Great, and appears in the top-left corner of the faรงade of his tomb.
Content
The inscription mentions the conquests of Darius the Great and his various achievements during his life. Its exact date is not known, but it can be assumed to be from the last decade of his reign. [6]
Like several other inscriptions by Darius, the territories controlled by the Achaemenid Empire are clearly listed. [7]
The nationalities mentioned in the DNa inscription are otherwise vividly illustrated through the large sculptural relief on the upper registers of all the tombs, including that of Darius I, at Naqsh-e Rostam. [4] [5] One of the best preserved is that of Xerxes I.
Script
The inscription is written in the Old Persian cuneiform, a nearly alphabetical, simple form of the ancient cuneiform scripts (36 phonetic characters and 8 logograms), which was specially designed and used by the early Achaemenid rulers from the 6th century BCE. [8]
| k- | x- | g- | c- | รง- | j- | t- | ฮธ- | d- | p- | f- | b- | n- | m- | y- | v- | r- | l- | s- | z- | ลก- | h- | ||
| -(a) | ๐ | ๐ฃ | ๐ง | ๐ฅ | ๐จ | ๐ | ๐ฉ | ๐ซ | ๐ฐ | ๐ญ | ๐ฑ | ๐ณ | ๐ฒ | ๐ด | ๐ถ | ๐น | ๐บ | ๐ผ | ๐พ | ๐ฟ | ๐ | ๐ | ๐ |
| -i | ๐ก | โ | โ | ๐ช | ๐ฎ | ๐ท | ๐ป | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -u | ๐ข | ๐ค | ๐ฆ | โ | ๐ฌ | ๐ฏ | ๐ต | ๐ธ | โ | ๐ฝ |
Full inscription
The full inscriptions consists in two parts, the first one being related to a description of the lineage of Darius, as well as a list of the countries under his rule. The second part is more religious in nature and related to the cult of Ahuramazda.
| English translation (Part I) | Transliteration | Original |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
| English translation (Part II) | Transliteration | Original |
|
|
|
Specific country names
The DNa inscription records the various territories under the rule of Darius I.
-
The name for Lydia: Sparda ( ๐ฟ๐ฑ๐ผ๐ญ).
-
The name for India: Hidลซลก ( ๐๐ก๐ฏ๐ข๐ in Old Persian cuneiform) in the DNa inscription.
-
The presumed name for Ancient Macedonians: ๐น๐ข๐ด๐ ๐๐ซ๐ฃ๐ฒ๐ผ๐ , Yaunฤ takabarฤ, "Ionians with shield-hats", referring to the petasos or kausia. [12]
-
The name for Sattagydia ( ๐ฐ๐ซ๐ฆ๐ข๐, Thataguลก) in the DNa inscription.
-
-
-
The name for Arabia: Arabฤya ( ๐ ๐ผ๐ฒ๐ ๐น)
-
The name for Assyria: ฤ/thลซrฤ (๐ /๐ฐ๐ข๐ผ๐ )
References
- ^ O'Brien, Patrick Karl (2002). Oxford Atlas of World History. Oxford University Press. pp. 42โ43. ISBN 9780195219210. Western portion of the Achaemenid Empire appears on page 42, eastern portion on page 43.
- ^ Barraclough, Geoffrey (1989). The Times Atlas of World History. Times Books. p. 79. ISBN 0723003041.
- ^ O'Brien, Patrick (1999). Philip's Atlas of World History. George Philips Limited. pp. 42โ43. ISBN 0681031891.
- ^ a b The Achaemenid Empire in South Asia and Recent Excavations in Akra in Northwest Pakistan Peter Magee, Cameron Petrie, Robert Knox, Farid Khan, Ken Thomas p.713-714
- ^ a b NAQล -E ROSTAM โ Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- ^ Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica (in French). Instituut voor Oriรซntalistiek. 1974. p. 23.
- ^ Briant, Pierre (2002). From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire. Eisenbrauns. p. 173. ISBN 9781575061207.
- ^ Schmitt, R. (2008), "Old Persian", in Roger D. Woodard (ed.), The Ancient Languages of Asia and the Americas (illustrated ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 77, ISBN 978-0521684941
- ^
a
b Tolman, Herbert Cushing (1893).
A guide to the Old Persian inscriptions. New York, Cincinnati [etc.] American book company. p. 146. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
public domain.
- ^ a b c d e f "DNa - Livius". www.livius.org.
- ^ a b Alcock, Susan E.; Alcock, John H. D'Arms Collegiate Professor of Classical Archaeology and Classics and Arthur F. Thurnau Professor Susan E.; D'Altroy, Terence N.; Morrison, Kathleen D.; Sinopoli, Carla M. (2001). Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History. Cambridge University Press. p. 105. ISBN 9780521770200.
- ^ Darius I, DNa inscription, Line 29