DIDO ( /ˈdaɪdoʊ/ DY-doh) is a MATLAB optimal control toolbox for solving general-purpose optimal control problems. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] It is widely used in academia, [6] [7] [8] industry, [3] [9] and NASA. [10] [11] [12] [13] Hailed as a breakthrough software, [14] [15] DIDO is based on the pseudospectral optimal control theory of Ross and Fahroo. [16] The latest enhancements to DIDO are described in Ross. [1]
DIDO utilizes trademarked expressions and objects [1] [2] that facilitate a user to quickly formulate and solve optimal control problems. [8] [17] [18] [19] Rapidity in formulation is achieved through a set of DIDO expressions which are based on variables commonly used in optimal control theory. [2] For example, the state, control and time variables are formatted as: [1] [2]
The entire problem is codified using the key words, cost, dynamics, events and path: [1] [2]
A user runs DIDO using the one-line command: [1]
[cost, primal, dual] = dido(problem, algorithm)
,
where the object defined by algorithm
allows a user to choose various options. In addition to the cost value and the primal solution, DIDO automatically outputs all the dual variables that are necessary to verify and validate a computational solution.
[2] The output dual
is computed by an application of the
covector mapping principle.
DIDO implements a spectral algorithm [1] [16] [20] based on pseudospectral optimal control theory founded by Ross and his associates. [3] The covector mapping principle of Ross and Fahroo eliminates the curse of sensitivity [2] associated in solving for the costates in optimal control problems. DIDO generates spectrally accurate solutions [20] whose extremality can be verified using Pontryagin's Minimum Principle. Because no knowledge of pseudospectral methods is necessary to use it, DIDO is often used [7] [8] [9] [21] as a fundamental mathematical tool for solving optimal control problems. That is, a solution obtained from DIDO is treated as a candidate solution for the application of Pontryagin's minimum principle as a necessary condition for optimality.
DIDO is used world wide in academia, industry and government laboratories. [9] Thanks to NASA, DIDO was flight-proven in 2006. [3] On November 5, 2006, NASA used DIDO to maneuver the International Space Station to perform the zero-propellant maneuver.
Since this flight demonstration, DIDO was used for the International Space Station and other NASA spacecraft. [12] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] It is also used in other industries. [2] [9] [21] [27] Most recently, DIDO has been used to solve traveling salesman type problems in aerospace engineering. [28]
DIDO is primarily available as a stand-alone MATLAB optimal control toolbox. [29] That is, it does not require any third-party software like SNOPT or IPOPT or other nonlinear programming solvers. [1] In fact, it does not even require the MATLAB Optimization Toolbox.
The MATLAB/DIDO toolbox does not require a "guess" to run the algorithm. This and other distinguishing features have made DIDO a popular tool to solve optimal control problems. [4] [7] [15]
The MATLAB optimal control toolbox has been used to solve problems in aerospace, [11] robotics [1] and search theory. [2]
The optimal control toolbox is named after Dido, the legendary founder and first queen of Carthage who is famous in mathematics for her remarkable solution to a constrained optimal control problem even before the invention of calculus. Invented by Ross, DIDO was first produced in 2001. [1] [2] [30] [17] The software is widely cited [30] [7] [21] [27] and has many firsts to its credit: [10] [11] [12] [14] [16] [18] [31]
The early versions, widely adopted in academia, [8] [15] [17] [19] [6] have undergone significant changes since 2007. [1] The latest version of DIDO, available from Elissar Global, [32] does not require a "guess" to start the problem [33] and eliminates much of the minutia of coding by simplifying the input-output structure. [2] Low-cost student versions Archived 2021-04-21 at the Wayback Machine and discounted academic versions are also available from Elissar Global.
{{
cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires |journal=
(
help){{
cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires |journal=
(
help)DIDO ( /ˈdaɪdoʊ/ DY-doh) is a MATLAB optimal control toolbox for solving general-purpose optimal control problems. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] It is widely used in academia, [6] [7] [8] industry, [3] [9] and NASA. [10] [11] [12] [13] Hailed as a breakthrough software, [14] [15] DIDO is based on the pseudospectral optimal control theory of Ross and Fahroo. [16] The latest enhancements to DIDO are described in Ross. [1]
DIDO utilizes trademarked expressions and objects [1] [2] that facilitate a user to quickly formulate and solve optimal control problems. [8] [17] [18] [19] Rapidity in formulation is achieved through a set of DIDO expressions which are based on variables commonly used in optimal control theory. [2] For example, the state, control and time variables are formatted as: [1] [2]
The entire problem is codified using the key words, cost, dynamics, events and path: [1] [2]
A user runs DIDO using the one-line command: [1]
[cost, primal, dual] = dido(problem, algorithm)
,
where the object defined by algorithm
allows a user to choose various options. In addition to the cost value and the primal solution, DIDO automatically outputs all the dual variables that are necessary to verify and validate a computational solution.
[2] The output dual
is computed by an application of the
covector mapping principle.
DIDO implements a spectral algorithm [1] [16] [20] based on pseudospectral optimal control theory founded by Ross and his associates. [3] The covector mapping principle of Ross and Fahroo eliminates the curse of sensitivity [2] associated in solving for the costates in optimal control problems. DIDO generates spectrally accurate solutions [20] whose extremality can be verified using Pontryagin's Minimum Principle. Because no knowledge of pseudospectral methods is necessary to use it, DIDO is often used [7] [8] [9] [21] as a fundamental mathematical tool for solving optimal control problems. That is, a solution obtained from DIDO is treated as a candidate solution for the application of Pontryagin's minimum principle as a necessary condition for optimality.
DIDO is used world wide in academia, industry and government laboratories. [9] Thanks to NASA, DIDO was flight-proven in 2006. [3] On November 5, 2006, NASA used DIDO to maneuver the International Space Station to perform the zero-propellant maneuver.
Since this flight demonstration, DIDO was used for the International Space Station and other NASA spacecraft. [12] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] It is also used in other industries. [2] [9] [21] [27] Most recently, DIDO has been used to solve traveling salesman type problems in aerospace engineering. [28]
DIDO is primarily available as a stand-alone MATLAB optimal control toolbox. [29] That is, it does not require any third-party software like SNOPT or IPOPT or other nonlinear programming solvers. [1] In fact, it does not even require the MATLAB Optimization Toolbox.
The MATLAB/DIDO toolbox does not require a "guess" to run the algorithm. This and other distinguishing features have made DIDO a popular tool to solve optimal control problems. [4] [7] [15]
The MATLAB optimal control toolbox has been used to solve problems in aerospace, [11] robotics [1] and search theory. [2]
The optimal control toolbox is named after Dido, the legendary founder and first queen of Carthage who is famous in mathematics for her remarkable solution to a constrained optimal control problem even before the invention of calculus. Invented by Ross, DIDO was first produced in 2001. [1] [2] [30] [17] The software is widely cited [30] [7] [21] [27] and has many firsts to its credit: [10] [11] [12] [14] [16] [18] [31]
The early versions, widely adopted in academia, [8] [15] [17] [19] [6] have undergone significant changes since 2007. [1] The latest version of DIDO, available from Elissar Global, [32] does not require a "guess" to start the problem [33] and eliminates much of the minutia of coding by simplifying the input-output structure. [2] Low-cost student versions Archived 2021-04-21 at the Wayback Machine and discounted academic versions are also available from Elissar Global.
{{
cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires |journal=
(
help){{
cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires |journal=
(
help)