Ctenacanthiformes | |
---|---|
Life restoration of Dracopristis | |
Fin spine of Ctenacanthus formosus | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Chondrichthyes |
Subclass: | Elasmobranchii |
Order: | †
Ctenacanthiformes Glikman, 1964 |
Subtaxa | |
See text | |
Synonyms | |
|
Ctenacanthiformes is an extinct order of cartilaginous fish. They possessed ornamented fin spines at the front of their dorsal fins and cladodont-type dentition, [1] that is typically of a grasping morphology, though some taxa developed cutting and gouging tooth morphologies. [2] Some ctenacanths are thought to have reached sizes comparable to the great white shark, with body lengths of up to 7 metres (23 ft) and weights of 1,500–2,500 kilograms (3,300–5,500 lb). [3] The earliest ctenacanths appeared during the Frasnian stage of the Late Devonian (~383-372 million years ago), with the group reaching their greatest diversity during the Early Carboniferous ( Mississippian), and continued to exist into at least the Middle Permian ( Guadalupian). [4] Some authors have suggested members of the family Ctenacanthidae may have survived into the Cretaceous based on teeth found in deep water deposits of Valanginian age in France [5] and Austria, [6] however, other authors contend that the similarity of these teeth to Paleozoic ctenacanths is only superficial, and they likely belong to neoselachians instead. [7]
Ctenacanthiformes are suggested to be more closely related to living elasmobranchs (modern sharks and rays) than to Holocephali (which includes living chimaeras). [8] The monophyly of the Ctenacanthiformes has been questioned, with some studies recovering the group as a whole as paraphyletic or polyphyletic with respect to other groups of total group elasmobranchs like Xenacanthiformes. [9]
Following Hodnett et al. 2024 [4]
Ctenacanthidae Dean 1909
Heslerodidae Maisey 2010
"Saivodus group"
Ctenacanthiformes | |
---|---|
Life restoration of Dracopristis | |
Fin spine of Ctenacanthus formosus | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Chondrichthyes |
Subclass: | Elasmobranchii |
Order: | †
Ctenacanthiformes Glikman, 1964 |
Subtaxa | |
See text | |
Synonyms | |
|
Ctenacanthiformes is an extinct order of cartilaginous fish. They possessed ornamented fin spines at the front of their dorsal fins and cladodont-type dentition, [1] that is typically of a grasping morphology, though some taxa developed cutting and gouging tooth morphologies. [2] Some ctenacanths are thought to have reached sizes comparable to the great white shark, with body lengths of up to 7 metres (23 ft) and weights of 1,500–2,500 kilograms (3,300–5,500 lb). [3] The earliest ctenacanths appeared during the Frasnian stage of the Late Devonian (~383-372 million years ago), with the group reaching their greatest diversity during the Early Carboniferous ( Mississippian), and continued to exist into at least the Middle Permian ( Guadalupian). [4] Some authors have suggested members of the family Ctenacanthidae may have survived into the Cretaceous based on teeth found in deep water deposits of Valanginian age in France [5] and Austria, [6] however, other authors contend that the similarity of these teeth to Paleozoic ctenacanths is only superficial, and they likely belong to neoselachians instead. [7]
Ctenacanthiformes are suggested to be more closely related to living elasmobranchs (modern sharks and rays) than to Holocephali (which includes living chimaeras). [8] The monophyly of the Ctenacanthiformes has been questioned, with some studies recovering the group as a whole as paraphyletic or polyphyletic with respect to other groups of total group elasmobranchs like Xenacanthiformes. [9]
Following Hodnett et al. 2024 [4]
Ctenacanthidae Dean 1909
Heslerodidae Maisey 2010
"Saivodus group"