Among the papers of
William Croone at his death in 1684, was a plan to endow a single lectureship at both the
Royal Society and the
Royal College of Physicians. His wife provided the bequest in 1701 specifying that it was "for the support of a lecture and illustrative experiment for the advancement of natural knowledge on locomotion, or (conditionally) of such other subjects as, in the opinion of the President for the time being, should be most useful in promoting the objects for which the Royal Society was instituted". One lecture was to be delivered by a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and the other, on the nature and laws of muscular motion, to be delivered before the Royal Society. The Royal Society lecture series began in 1738 and that of the Royal College of Physicians in 1749.[4]
Croone became an original Fellow of the Royal Society in May 1663.[5] He also became a Fellow of the
College of Physicians on 29 July 1675.[6] He was appointed lecturer on anatomy at Surgeons' hall in 1670 and pursued research in several important subjects of his day, including respiration, muscular motion, and generation.
One individual,
Sir Stephen O’Rahilly FRS, FRCP has received the award twice: initially from the Royal College of Physicians in 2011, and then from the Royal Society in 2022 (below).
List of lecturers (Royal Society – for RCP lecturers see below)
2024
Edward C. Holmes, for being a global authority on virus evolution and emergence, who played a key role in the discovery of SARS-CoV-2 and was the first to publicly release the genome sequence. The publication timeline of SARS-CoV-2 has been disputed by
GISAID.[7]
2023
Ottoline Leyser, for playing a central role in two of the most important discoveries regarding the nature and perception of plant hormones, and for her contributions to gender equality in science
2022
Stephen O'Rahilly and
Sadaf Farooqi, for their seminal discoveries regarding the control of human body weight, resulting in novel diagnostics and therapies, which improve human health
2021
Barry Everitt, for his inventions that expand our understanding of the brain and allow therapeutic development including the co-invention of optogenetics, a technology that has revolutionized neurobiology
2020
Edward Boyden, for his inventions that expand our understanding of the brain and allow therapeutic development including the co-invention of optogenetics, a technology that has revolutionised neurobiology
2019 Dame
Kay Davies, for her achievements in developing a prenatal test for Duchenne muscular dystrophy and her work on characterising dystrophin related proteins [8]
2018
Jennifer Doudna, Re-writing the Code of Life: CRISPR Systems and Applications of Gene Editing[9]
2017
Jonathan Felix Ashmore, for his significant contributions to the field of sensory neuroscience, shaping our current understanding of inner ear physiology[10]
2016
Enrico Coen, for his work resulting in a new theoretical and experimental foundation for understanding how the shapes of biological structures arise through development and evolution
2015
Nicholas Barry Davies, for his work on the co-evolved responses of brood parasitic cuckoos and their hosts
2014
Brigid Hogan, for pioneering contributions that have transformed understanding of cell specification, organogenesis and morphogenesis in mammalian development[11]
2013
Frances Ashcroft, From bench to bedside: KATP channels and neonatal diabetes[11]
1955
Charles Herbert Best, Dietary factors in the protection of the liver, kidneys, heart and other organs in experimental animals. The lipotropic agents.
1940
Schack August Steenberg Krogh, The active and passive exchange of inorganic ions through the surfaces of living cells and through living membranes generally.
1870
Augustus V. Waller, On the results of the method (introduced by the author) of investigating the nervous system, more especially as applied to the elucidation of the functions of the pneumogastric and sympathetic nerves in man.
1868 –1869 Not appointed
1867
J.S. Burdon-Sanderson, On the influence exercised by the movements of respiration on the circulation of the blood
1866 Not appointed
1865
Lionel S. Beale, On the ultimate nerve fibres distributed to muscle and some other tissues, with observations upon the structure & probable mode of action of a nervous mechanism
1864
Hermann Helmholtz, On the normal motions of the human eye in relation to binocular vision.
1829
Everard Home, A Report on the Peculiarities met with in the Stomach of the Zariffa.
1828 Not appointed
1827
Everard Home, On the Muscles peculiar to Organs of Sense in particular Quadrupeds and Fishes
1826
Everard Home, An Enquiry into the mode by which the Propagation of the Species is carried on, in the Common Oyster, and in the large Fresh-water Muscle.
1825
Everard Home, On the Structure of a Muscular Fibre from which are derived its Elongation and Contraction
1824
Everard Home, On the existence of Nerves in the Placenta
1823
Everard Home, On the Internal Structure of the Human Brain, when examined in the Microscope, as compared with that of Fishes, Insects and Worms.
1822
Francis Bauer, Microscopical Observations on the suspension of the Muscular Motions of the Vibrio Tritici
1821
Everard Home, On the Anatomical Structure of the Eye; illustrated by Microscopical Drawings, executed by F. Bauer
1820
Everard Home, Microscopical Observations on the following subjects. On the Brain and Nerves; showing that the Materials of which they are composed exist in the Blood
1819
Everard Home, A further Investigation of the component parts of the Blood.
1818
Everard Home, On the conversion of Pus into Granulations, or new flesh.
1817
Everard Home, On the Changes the Blood undergoes in the act of Coagulation.
1814 –1816 Not recorded
1813
Benjamin Collins Brodie, On the Influence of the Nervous System on the Action of the Muscles in general and of the Heart in particular
1811 – 1812 Not recorded
1810
Benjamin Collins Brodie, Physiological Researches, respecting the Influence of the Brain on the Action of the Heart, and on the Generation of Animal Heat.
1809
William Hyde Wollaston, Observations on the Mode of Action of Voluntary Muscles, and on the causes which derange, and assist, the Action of the Heart and Blood Vessels
1808
Thomas Young, On the Functions of the Heart and Arteries
1807
Anthony Carlisle, On the Natural History and Chemical Analysis of the substances which constitute the Muscles of Animals
1806
John Pearson, Remarks on Muscular Power, and on some of the circumstances by which it is increased, diminished or finally abolished
1805
Anthony Carlisle, On the Arrangement and Mechanical Action of the Muscles of Fishes.
1799
Everard Home, On the Structure and Uses of the Membrana Tympani.
1798
Everard Home, Experiments and Observations upon the Structure of Nerves.
1797
John Abernethy, A general Review of the latest opinions relative to Animal Life and Motion.
1796
Everard Home, On the Crystalline Humour of the Eye
1795
Everard Home, On the Mechanism employed in producing Muscular Motion.
1794
Everard Home, On the Crystalline Humour of the Eye
1793
Everard Home, On Mr. Hunters Experiments to ascertain whether the Crystalline Humour of the Eye be muscular
1792 Not recorded
1791
Matthew Baillie, A general view of the Nature of the Muscles, and an enumeration of the most striking facts connected with the Theory of their Motion.
1790
Everard Home, On the Mechanism employed in producing Muscular Motion.
1744
James Parsons, An Introductory Discourse on Muscular Motion
1743 No lecture
1742
James Douglas, (read by William Douglas) Description and Structure of the Human Bladder, with the Uses of its Muscles and Membranes.
1741
James Douglas, Description of the several Muscles, Membranes and parts belonging to the Uvula of the Palate, and concerned in its action; as also of the several parts subservient to the uses of the Tuba Eustachiana
1740
Alexander Stuart, On the Peristaltic Motion of the Intestines. Microscopial Observations on several parts of live Frogs.
2018
Rebecca Fitzgerald, Precision early diagnosis of oesophageal cancer using a pill on a string[22]
2017
Jonathan Ashmore, for his research into hearing; his analysis of cochlear hair cells has revolutionised our understanding of how the ear works.[23]
2016
Pamela Shaw, Translational neuroscience approach to developing new effective treatments for Motor Neurone Disease[24]
2015
2014
2013
Peter Openshaw, Disease mechanisms revealed by studies of pandemic influenza[25]
2012
Marc Feldmann, Development of anti cytokine therapy and its future potential[26]
2011
Stephen O'Rahilly, Obesity and its metabolic consequences: lessons from the extremes[27]
2010 Sir
Gordon Duff, Challenges in the development of innovative medicines[28]
2009
Peter John Barnes, Reversing steroid resistance in inflammatory diseases: a novel therapeutic strategy[28]
^
abcdefghijklmnoThe roll of the Royal College of Physicians of London, comprising biographical sketches of all the eminent physicians whose names are recorded in the Annals .. (Volume 3). Royal College of Physicians. ebook
^Haddon, Alfred C.; Bartlett, F. C.; Fegan, Ethel S. (July 1922). "61. William Halse Rivers Rivers, M.D., F.R.S., President of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Born 1864, Died June 4th, 1922". Man. 22: 97–104.
JSTOR2840503.
^
abHudson, James. Report on the Adjudication of the Copley, Rumford and Royal Medals. p. 48.
^MacNalty, Arthur S. (1960). "Owen Lambert Vaughan Simpkinson de Wesselow. 21 October 1883 – 6 July 1959". The Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology. 80: 189–195.
doi:
10.1002/path.1700800124.
^Cook, G.C. (2006). "Leonard Rogers KCSI FRCP FRS (1868–1962) and the founding of the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine". Notes and Records of the Royal Society. 60 (2): 171–81.
doi:
10.1098/rsnr.2006.0146.
PMID17153749.
S2CID34009730.
^"The Croonian Lectures MODERN ASPECTS OF CERTAIN PROBLEMS IN THE PATHOLOGY OF MENTAL DISORDERS". The Lancet. 184 (4765): 1451–1464. 1914.
doi:
10.1016/S0140-6736(00)96665-0.
^"Croonian Lectures on Matter and Force. Given at the Royal College of Physicians in 1868: By Henry Bence Jones, M.D., F.R.S. Churchill & Sons. 1868". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 14 (68): 561–562. 1869.
doi:
10.1192/bjp.14.68.561.
^Sutherland, Alex. John (1861). "Croonian Lectures. On the Pathology, Morbid Anatomy, and Treatment of Insanity, delivered at the Royal College of Physicians, London, 1858". Journal of Mental Science. 7 (36): 161–179.
doi:
10.1192/bjp.7.36.161.
^"On Calculous Disease and its Consequences". Association Medical Journal. 4 (198): 889–891. 1856.
JSTOR25497594.
^Hall, Marshall (1852). "On Apoplexy and Epilepsy; and on an Hospital for Epileptics". The Lancet. 59 (1495): 395–397.
doi:
10.1016/S0140-6736(02)60872-4.
^"Second Pan-American Congress of the History of Medicine, June, 1961". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. XV (4): 431–b. 1960.
doi:
10.1093/jhmas/XV.4.431-b.
^The Roll of the Royal College of Physicians of London, Volume 2. Vol. 2. Royal College of Physicians. p. 319.
^Coley, N.G. (September 2001). "George Fordyce M.D., F.R.S. (1736–1802): physician-chemist and eccentric". Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. 55 (3): 395–409.
doi:
10.1098/rsnr.2001.0154.
PMID11713784.
S2CID31867510.
Among the papers of
William Croone at his death in 1684, was a plan to endow a single lectureship at both the
Royal Society and the
Royal College of Physicians. His wife provided the bequest in 1701 specifying that it was "for the support of a lecture and illustrative experiment for the advancement of natural knowledge on locomotion, or (conditionally) of such other subjects as, in the opinion of the President for the time being, should be most useful in promoting the objects for which the Royal Society was instituted". One lecture was to be delivered by a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and the other, on the nature and laws of muscular motion, to be delivered before the Royal Society. The Royal Society lecture series began in 1738 and that of the Royal College of Physicians in 1749.[4]
Croone became an original Fellow of the Royal Society in May 1663.[5] He also became a Fellow of the
College of Physicians on 29 July 1675.[6] He was appointed lecturer on anatomy at Surgeons' hall in 1670 and pursued research in several important subjects of his day, including respiration, muscular motion, and generation.
One individual,
Sir Stephen O’Rahilly FRS, FRCP has received the award twice: initially from the Royal College of Physicians in 2011, and then from the Royal Society in 2022 (below).
List of lecturers (Royal Society – for RCP lecturers see below)
2024
Edward C. Holmes, for being a global authority on virus evolution and emergence, who played a key role in the discovery of SARS-CoV-2 and was the first to publicly release the genome sequence. The publication timeline of SARS-CoV-2 has been disputed by
GISAID.[7]
2023
Ottoline Leyser, for playing a central role in two of the most important discoveries regarding the nature and perception of plant hormones, and for her contributions to gender equality in science
2022
Stephen O'Rahilly and
Sadaf Farooqi, for their seminal discoveries regarding the control of human body weight, resulting in novel diagnostics and therapies, which improve human health
2021
Barry Everitt, for his inventions that expand our understanding of the brain and allow therapeutic development including the co-invention of optogenetics, a technology that has revolutionized neurobiology
2020
Edward Boyden, for his inventions that expand our understanding of the brain and allow therapeutic development including the co-invention of optogenetics, a technology that has revolutionised neurobiology
2019 Dame
Kay Davies, for her achievements in developing a prenatal test for Duchenne muscular dystrophy and her work on characterising dystrophin related proteins [8]
2018
Jennifer Doudna, Re-writing the Code of Life: CRISPR Systems and Applications of Gene Editing[9]
2017
Jonathan Felix Ashmore, for his significant contributions to the field of sensory neuroscience, shaping our current understanding of inner ear physiology[10]
2016
Enrico Coen, for his work resulting in a new theoretical and experimental foundation for understanding how the shapes of biological structures arise through development and evolution
2015
Nicholas Barry Davies, for his work on the co-evolved responses of brood parasitic cuckoos and their hosts
2014
Brigid Hogan, for pioneering contributions that have transformed understanding of cell specification, organogenesis and morphogenesis in mammalian development[11]
2013
Frances Ashcroft, From bench to bedside: KATP channels and neonatal diabetes[11]
1955
Charles Herbert Best, Dietary factors in the protection of the liver, kidneys, heart and other organs in experimental animals. The lipotropic agents.
1940
Schack August Steenberg Krogh, The active and passive exchange of inorganic ions through the surfaces of living cells and through living membranes generally.
1870
Augustus V. Waller, On the results of the method (introduced by the author) of investigating the nervous system, more especially as applied to the elucidation of the functions of the pneumogastric and sympathetic nerves in man.
1868 –1869 Not appointed
1867
J.S. Burdon-Sanderson, On the influence exercised by the movements of respiration on the circulation of the blood
1866 Not appointed
1865
Lionel S. Beale, On the ultimate nerve fibres distributed to muscle and some other tissues, with observations upon the structure & probable mode of action of a nervous mechanism
1864
Hermann Helmholtz, On the normal motions of the human eye in relation to binocular vision.
1829
Everard Home, A Report on the Peculiarities met with in the Stomach of the Zariffa.
1828 Not appointed
1827
Everard Home, On the Muscles peculiar to Organs of Sense in particular Quadrupeds and Fishes
1826
Everard Home, An Enquiry into the mode by which the Propagation of the Species is carried on, in the Common Oyster, and in the large Fresh-water Muscle.
1825
Everard Home, On the Structure of a Muscular Fibre from which are derived its Elongation and Contraction
1824
Everard Home, On the existence of Nerves in the Placenta
1823
Everard Home, On the Internal Structure of the Human Brain, when examined in the Microscope, as compared with that of Fishes, Insects and Worms.
1822
Francis Bauer, Microscopical Observations on the suspension of the Muscular Motions of the Vibrio Tritici
1821
Everard Home, On the Anatomical Structure of the Eye; illustrated by Microscopical Drawings, executed by F. Bauer
1820
Everard Home, Microscopical Observations on the following subjects. On the Brain and Nerves; showing that the Materials of which they are composed exist in the Blood
1819
Everard Home, A further Investigation of the component parts of the Blood.
1818
Everard Home, On the conversion of Pus into Granulations, or new flesh.
1817
Everard Home, On the Changes the Blood undergoes in the act of Coagulation.
1814 –1816 Not recorded
1813
Benjamin Collins Brodie, On the Influence of the Nervous System on the Action of the Muscles in general and of the Heart in particular
1811 – 1812 Not recorded
1810
Benjamin Collins Brodie, Physiological Researches, respecting the Influence of the Brain on the Action of the Heart, and on the Generation of Animal Heat.
1809
William Hyde Wollaston, Observations on the Mode of Action of Voluntary Muscles, and on the causes which derange, and assist, the Action of the Heart and Blood Vessels
1808
Thomas Young, On the Functions of the Heart and Arteries
1807
Anthony Carlisle, On the Natural History and Chemical Analysis of the substances which constitute the Muscles of Animals
1806
John Pearson, Remarks on Muscular Power, and on some of the circumstances by which it is increased, diminished or finally abolished
1805
Anthony Carlisle, On the Arrangement and Mechanical Action of the Muscles of Fishes.
1799
Everard Home, On the Structure and Uses of the Membrana Tympani.
1798
Everard Home, Experiments and Observations upon the Structure of Nerves.
1797
John Abernethy, A general Review of the latest opinions relative to Animal Life and Motion.
1796
Everard Home, On the Crystalline Humour of the Eye
1795
Everard Home, On the Mechanism employed in producing Muscular Motion.
1794
Everard Home, On the Crystalline Humour of the Eye
1793
Everard Home, On Mr. Hunters Experiments to ascertain whether the Crystalline Humour of the Eye be muscular
1792 Not recorded
1791
Matthew Baillie, A general view of the Nature of the Muscles, and an enumeration of the most striking facts connected with the Theory of their Motion.
1790
Everard Home, On the Mechanism employed in producing Muscular Motion.
1744
James Parsons, An Introductory Discourse on Muscular Motion
1743 No lecture
1742
James Douglas, (read by William Douglas) Description and Structure of the Human Bladder, with the Uses of its Muscles and Membranes.
1741
James Douglas, Description of the several Muscles, Membranes and parts belonging to the Uvula of the Palate, and concerned in its action; as also of the several parts subservient to the uses of the Tuba Eustachiana
1740
Alexander Stuart, On the Peristaltic Motion of the Intestines. Microscopial Observations on several parts of live Frogs.
2018
Rebecca Fitzgerald, Precision early diagnosis of oesophageal cancer using a pill on a string[22]
2017
Jonathan Ashmore, for his research into hearing; his analysis of cochlear hair cells has revolutionised our understanding of how the ear works.[23]
2016
Pamela Shaw, Translational neuroscience approach to developing new effective treatments for Motor Neurone Disease[24]
2015
2014
2013
Peter Openshaw, Disease mechanisms revealed by studies of pandemic influenza[25]
2012
Marc Feldmann, Development of anti cytokine therapy and its future potential[26]
2011
Stephen O'Rahilly, Obesity and its metabolic consequences: lessons from the extremes[27]
2010 Sir
Gordon Duff, Challenges in the development of innovative medicines[28]
2009
Peter John Barnes, Reversing steroid resistance in inflammatory diseases: a novel therapeutic strategy[28]
^
abcdefghijklmnoThe roll of the Royal College of Physicians of London, comprising biographical sketches of all the eminent physicians whose names are recorded in the Annals .. (Volume 3). Royal College of Physicians. ebook
^Haddon, Alfred C.; Bartlett, F. C.; Fegan, Ethel S. (July 1922). "61. William Halse Rivers Rivers, M.D., F.R.S., President of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Born 1864, Died June 4th, 1922". Man. 22: 97–104.
JSTOR2840503.
^
abHudson, James. Report on the Adjudication of the Copley, Rumford and Royal Medals. p. 48.
^MacNalty, Arthur S. (1960). "Owen Lambert Vaughan Simpkinson de Wesselow. 21 October 1883 – 6 July 1959". The Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology. 80: 189–195.
doi:
10.1002/path.1700800124.
^Cook, G.C. (2006). "Leonard Rogers KCSI FRCP FRS (1868–1962) and the founding of the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine". Notes and Records of the Royal Society. 60 (2): 171–81.
doi:
10.1098/rsnr.2006.0146.
PMID17153749.
S2CID34009730.
^"The Croonian Lectures MODERN ASPECTS OF CERTAIN PROBLEMS IN THE PATHOLOGY OF MENTAL DISORDERS". The Lancet. 184 (4765): 1451–1464. 1914.
doi:
10.1016/S0140-6736(00)96665-0.
^"Croonian Lectures on Matter and Force. Given at the Royal College of Physicians in 1868: By Henry Bence Jones, M.D., F.R.S. Churchill & Sons. 1868". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 14 (68): 561–562. 1869.
doi:
10.1192/bjp.14.68.561.
^Sutherland, Alex. John (1861). "Croonian Lectures. On the Pathology, Morbid Anatomy, and Treatment of Insanity, delivered at the Royal College of Physicians, London, 1858". Journal of Mental Science. 7 (36): 161–179.
doi:
10.1192/bjp.7.36.161.
^"On Calculous Disease and its Consequences". Association Medical Journal. 4 (198): 889–891. 1856.
JSTOR25497594.
^Hall, Marshall (1852). "On Apoplexy and Epilepsy; and on an Hospital for Epileptics". The Lancet. 59 (1495): 395–397.
doi:
10.1016/S0140-6736(02)60872-4.
^"Second Pan-American Congress of the History of Medicine, June, 1961". Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. XV (4): 431–b. 1960.
doi:
10.1093/jhmas/XV.4.431-b.
^The Roll of the Royal College of Physicians of London, Volume 2. Vol. 2. Royal College of Physicians. p. 319.
^Coley, N.G. (September 2001). "George Fordyce M.D., F.R.S. (1736–1802): physician-chemist and eccentric". Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. 55 (3): 395–409.
doi:
10.1098/rsnr.2001.0154.
PMID11713784.
S2CID31867510.