| Craterostigmomorpha | |
|---|---|
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| |
| Craterostigmus crabilli, of New Zealand | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Myriapoda |
| Class: | Chilopoda |
| Order: | Craterostigmomorpha |
| Families | |
The Craterostigmomorpha are the least diverse centipede clade, comprising only two extant species, both in the genus Craterostigmus. [1] Their geographic range is restricted to Tasmania and New Zealand. There is a single ocellus on each side of the head capsule. [2] They have a distinct body plan; their anamorphosis [3] comprises a single stage: in their first moult, they grow from having 12 trunk segments to having 15. Adult centipedes in this order, like those in Scutigeromorpha and Lithobiomorpha, have 15 leg-bearing segments. [4] [5] [6] Their low diversity and intermediate position between the primitive anamorphic centipedes and the derived Epimorpha has led to them being likened to the platypus. [1] They represent the survivors of a once diverse clade. Maternal brooding unites the Craterostigmomorpha with the Epimorpha into the clade Phylactometria which includes Craterostigmomorpha, Scolopendromorpha, and Geophilomorpha. This trait is thought to be closely linked with the presence of sternal pores, which secrete sticky or noxious secretions, which mainly serve to repel predators and parasites. The presence of these pores on the Devonian Devonobius which is included in own order Devonobiomorpha permits its inclusion in this clade, allowing its divergence of Lithobiomorpha from Phylactometria to be dated to 375 (or more) million years ago. [7]
References
- ^ a b Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2008). "A New Zealand species of the trans-Tasman centipede order Craterostigmomorpha (Arthropoda : Chilopoda) corroborated by molecular evidence". Invertebrate Systematics. 22: 1–15. doi: 10.1071/IS07036.
- ^ Vahtera, Varpu; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2012). "Evolution of blindness in scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): insight from an expanded sampling of molecular data". Cladistics. 28 (1): 4–20. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00361.x. ISSN 0748-3007.
- ^ Fusco, Giuseppe (2005). "Trunk segment numbers and sequential segmentation in myriapods". Evolution & Development. 7 (6): 608–617. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2005.05064.x. ISSN 1525-142X. PMID 16336414. S2CID 21401688.
- ^ Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2007). "Evolutionary Biology of Centipedes (Myriapoda: Chilopoda)". Annual Review of Entomology. 52: 151–170. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091326. PMID 16872257.
- ^ Minelli, Alessandro; Golovatch, Sergei I. (2013-01-01), "Myriapods", in Levin, Simon A (ed.), Encyclopedia of Biodiversity (Second Edition), Waltham: Academic Press, pp. 421–432, doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-384719-5.00208-2, ISBN 978-0-12-384720-1, retrieved 2022-02-28
- ^ Minelli, Alessandro (2020). "Arthropod segments and segmentation – lessons from myriapods, and open questions" (PDF). Opuscula Zoologica. 51(S2): 7–21. doi: 10.18348/opzool.2020.S2.7. S2CID 226561862.
- ^ Giribet, Gonzalo; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2006). "Conflict between datasets and phylogeny of centipedes: an analysis based on seven genes and morphology". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 273 (1586): 531–538. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3365. PMC 1560052. PMID 16537123.
| Craterostigmomorpha | |
|---|---|
|
| |
| Craterostigmus crabilli, of New Zealand | |
|
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Myriapoda |
| Class: | Chilopoda |
| Order: | Craterostigmomorpha |
| Families | |
The Craterostigmomorpha are the least diverse centipede clade, comprising only two extant species, both in the genus Craterostigmus. [1] Their geographic range is restricted to Tasmania and New Zealand. There is a single ocellus on each side of the head capsule. [2] They have a distinct body plan; their anamorphosis [3] comprises a single stage: in their first moult, they grow from having 12 trunk segments to having 15. Adult centipedes in this order, like those in Scutigeromorpha and Lithobiomorpha, have 15 leg-bearing segments. [4] [5] [6] Their low diversity and intermediate position between the primitive anamorphic centipedes and the derived Epimorpha has led to them being likened to the platypus. [1] They represent the survivors of a once diverse clade. Maternal brooding unites the Craterostigmomorpha with the Epimorpha into the clade Phylactometria which includes Craterostigmomorpha, Scolopendromorpha, and Geophilomorpha. This trait is thought to be closely linked with the presence of sternal pores, which secrete sticky or noxious secretions, which mainly serve to repel predators and parasites. The presence of these pores on the Devonian Devonobius which is included in own order Devonobiomorpha permits its inclusion in this clade, allowing its divergence of Lithobiomorpha from Phylactometria to be dated to 375 (or more) million years ago. [7]
References
- ^ a b Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2008). "A New Zealand species of the trans-Tasman centipede order Craterostigmomorpha (Arthropoda : Chilopoda) corroborated by molecular evidence". Invertebrate Systematics. 22: 1–15. doi: 10.1071/IS07036.
- ^ Vahtera, Varpu; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2012). "Evolution of blindness in scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha): insight from an expanded sampling of molecular data". Cladistics. 28 (1): 4–20. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00361.x. ISSN 0748-3007.
- ^ Fusco, Giuseppe (2005). "Trunk segment numbers and sequential segmentation in myriapods". Evolution & Development. 7 (6): 608–617. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2005.05064.x. ISSN 1525-142X. PMID 16336414. S2CID 21401688.
- ^ Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2007). "Evolutionary Biology of Centipedes (Myriapoda: Chilopoda)". Annual Review of Entomology. 52: 151–170. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091326. PMID 16872257.
- ^ Minelli, Alessandro; Golovatch, Sergei I. (2013-01-01), "Myriapods", in Levin, Simon A (ed.), Encyclopedia of Biodiversity (Second Edition), Waltham: Academic Press, pp. 421–432, doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-384719-5.00208-2, ISBN 978-0-12-384720-1, retrieved 2022-02-28
- ^ Minelli, Alessandro (2020). "Arthropod segments and segmentation – lessons from myriapods, and open questions" (PDF). Opuscula Zoologica. 51(S2): 7–21. doi: 10.18348/opzool.2020.S2.7. S2CID 226561862.
- ^ Giribet, Gonzalo; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2006). "Conflict between datasets and phylogeny of centipedes: an analysis based on seven genes and morphology". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 273 (1586): 531–538. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3365. PMC 1560052. PMID 16537123.