Cora was originally
circumscribed by the Swedish "Father of Mycology",
Elias Magnus Fries, in 1825. He included a single species, until then known as Thelephora pavoniaWeber & D.Mohr.[2] Until relatively recently, Cora was thought to contain one species,[3] or was placed into
synonymy with Dictyonema.[4]Cora was recognized as an independent genus separate from Dictyonema in 2013.[5][6]Molecular phylogenetic analysis using
DNA barcoding of the
internal transcribed spacer region has revealed the existence of almost 200 species in the genus, and about 450 species are predicted to exist.[6][7][8][9]
Habitat and distribution
Mexico and (at least formerly) Florida are the northernmost distribution points for the genus Cora, while its southernmost locale is southern Chile.[9] It has its highest biodiversity in the northern
Andes.[9] Biogeographic data suggests that Cora originated in South America and expanded eastward.[10] The vast majority (95%) of the known species are found in the
Americas, but the genus has also been recorded from
tropical Africa,
tropical Asia, and
South Atlantic islands. Twelve species and
subspecies have been described from Mexico;[11] the only species known to have occurred north of Mexico is the
possibly extinctCora timucua, which is known to have formerly existed in
Florida.[12]
^Kirk, Paul M.; Cannon, Paul F.; Minter, David W.; Stalpers, Joost A., eds. (2008). "Cora". Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 170.
ISBN978-0-85199-826-8.
^Dal-Forno, Manuela; Lawrey, James D.; Sikaroodi, Masoumeh; Bhattarai, Smriti; Gillevet, Patrick M.; Sulzbacher, Marcelo; Lücking, Robert (2013). "Starting from scratch: Evolution of the lichen thallus in the basidiolichen Dictyonema (Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae)". Fungal Biology. 117 (9): 584–598.
doi:
10.1016/j.funbio.2013.05.006.
PMID24012299.
^
abcLücking, Robert; Cáceres, Marcela E.S.; Silva, Nílber G.; Alves, Ruy J. V. (2015). "The genus Cora in the South Atlantic and the Mascarenes: Two novel taxa and inferred biogeographic relationships". The Bryologist. 118 (3): 293–303.
doi:
10.1639/0007-2745-118.3.293.
S2CID86116037.
^
abLücking, Robert; Kaminsky, Laurel; Perlmutter, Gary B.; Lawrey, James D.; Forno, Manuela Dal (2020). "Cora timucua (Hygrophoraceae), a new and potentially extinct, previously misidentified basidiolichen of Florida inland scrub documented from historical collections". The Bryologist. 123 (4): 657–673.
doi:
10.1639/0007-2745-123.4.657.
S2CID228097210.
^
abcdVargas, Leidy Yasmín; Moncada, Bibiana; Lücking, Robert (2014). "Five new species of Cora and Dictyonema (Basidiomycota: Hygrophoraceae) from Colombia: chipping away at cataloging hundreds of unrecognized taxa". The Bryologist. 117 (4): 368–378.
doi:
10.1639/0007-2745-117.4.368.
S2CID83692191.
Lücking, Robert; Dal-Forno, Manuela; Lawrey, James D.; Bungartz, Frank; Rojas, María E. Holgado; Hernández M., Jesús E.; Marcelli, Marcelo P.; Moncada, Bibiana; Morales, Eduardo A.; Nelsen, Matthew P.; Paz, Elias; Salcedo, Luis; Spielmann, Adriano A.; Wilk, Karina; Will-Wolf, Susan; Yánez-Ayabaca, Alba (2013). "Ten new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Dictyonema and Cora (Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae), with a key to all accepted genera and species in the Dictyonema clade". Phytotaxa. 139 (1): 1–38.
doi:
10.11646/phytotaxa.139.1.1.
Lücking, Robert; Forno, Manuela Dal; Moncada, Bibiana; Coca, Luis Fernando; Vargas-Mendoza, Leidy Yasmín;
Aptroot, André; Arias, Laura Juliana; Besal, Betty; Bungartz, Frank; Cabrera-Amaya, Diego Mauricio; Cáceres, Marcela E. S.; Chaves, José Luis; Eliasaro, Sionara; Gutiérrez, Martha Cecilia; Hernández Marin, Jesús E.; de los Ángeles Herrera-Campos, María; Holgado-Rojas, María E.; Jonitz, Harald; Kukwa, Martin; Lucheta, Fabiane; Madriñán, Santiago; Marcelli, Marcelo Pinto; de Azevedo Martins, Suzana Maria; Mercado-Díaz, Joel A.; Molina, Jorge Alberto; Morales, Eduardo A.; Nelson, Peter R.; Nugra, Freddy; Ortega, Francisco; Paredes, Telma; Patiño, Ayda Lucía; Peláez-Pulido, Rouchi Nadine; Pérez, Rosa Emilia Pérez; Perlmutter, Gary B.; Rivas-Plata, Eimy; Robayo, Javier; Rodríguez, Camilo; Simijaca, Diego Fernando; Soto-Medina, Edier; Spielmann, Adriano Afonso; Suárez-Corredor, Alejandra; Torres, Jean-Marc; Vargas, Carlos Alberto; Yánez-Ayabaca, Alba;
Weerakoon, Gothamie; Wilk, Karina; Pacheco, Marcela Celis; Diazgranados, Mauricio; Brokamp, Grischa; Borsch, Thomas; Gillevet, Patrick M.; Sikaroodi, Masoumeh; Lawrey, James D. (2016). "Turbo-taxonomy to assemble a megadiverse lichen genus: seventy new species of Cora (Basidiomycota: Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae), honouring David Leslie Hawksworth's seventieth birthday". Fungal Diversity. 84 (1): 139–207.
doi:
10.1007/s13225-016-0374-9.
S2CID256063070.
Cora was originally
circumscribed by the Swedish "Father of Mycology",
Elias Magnus Fries, in 1825. He included a single species, until then known as Thelephora pavoniaWeber & D.Mohr.[2] Until relatively recently, Cora was thought to contain one species,[3] or was placed into
synonymy with Dictyonema.[4]Cora was recognized as an independent genus separate from Dictyonema in 2013.[5][6]Molecular phylogenetic analysis using
DNA barcoding of the
internal transcribed spacer region has revealed the existence of almost 200 species in the genus, and about 450 species are predicted to exist.[6][7][8][9]
Habitat and distribution
Mexico and (at least formerly) Florida are the northernmost distribution points for the genus Cora, while its southernmost locale is southern Chile.[9] It has its highest biodiversity in the northern
Andes.[9] Biogeographic data suggests that Cora originated in South America and expanded eastward.[10] The vast majority (95%) of the known species are found in the
Americas, but the genus has also been recorded from
tropical Africa,
tropical Asia, and
South Atlantic islands. Twelve species and
subspecies have been described from Mexico;[11] the only species known to have occurred north of Mexico is the
possibly extinctCora timucua, which is known to have formerly existed in
Florida.[12]
^Kirk, Paul M.; Cannon, Paul F.; Minter, David W.; Stalpers, Joost A., eds. (2008). "Cora". Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 170.
ISBN978-0-85199-826-8.
^Dal-Forno, Manuela; Lawrey, James D.; Sikaroodi, Masoumeh; Bhattarai, Smriti; Gillevet, Patrick M.; Sulzbacher, Marcelo; Lücking, Robert (2013). "Starting from scratch: Evolution of the lichen thallus in the basidiolichen Dictyonema (Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae)". Fungal Biology. 117 (9): 584–598.
doi:
10.1016/j.funbio.2013.05.006.
PMID24012299.
^
abcLücking, Robert; Cáceres, Marcela E.S.; Silva, Nílber G.; Alves, Ruy J. V. (2015). "The genus Cora in the South Atlantic and the Mascarenes: Two novel taxa and inferred biogeographic relationships". The Bryologist. 118 (3): 293–303.
doi:
10.1639/0007-2745-118.3.293.
S2CID86116037.
^
abLücking, Robert; Kaminsky, Laurel; Perlmutter, Gary B.; Lawrey, James D.; Forno, Manuela Dal (2020). "Cora timucua (Hygrophoraceae), a new and potentially extinct, previously misidentified basidiolichen of Florida inland scrub documented from historical collections". The Bryologist. 123 (4): 657–673.
doi:
10.1639/0007-2745-123.4.657.
S2CID228097210.
^
abcdVargas, Leidy Yasmín; Moncada, Bibiana; Lücking, Robert (2014). "Five new species of Cora and Dictyonema (Basidiomycota: Hygrophoraceae) from Colombia: chipping away at cataloging hundreds of unrecognized taxa". The Bryologist. 117 (4): 368–378.
doi:
10.1639/0007-2745-117.4.368.
S2CID83692191.
Lücking, Robert; Dal-Forno, Manuela; Lawrey, James D.; Bungartz, Frank; Rojas, María E. Holgado; Hernández M., Jesús E.; Marcelli, Marcelo P.; Moncada, Bibiana; Morales, Eduardo A.; Nelsen, Matthew P.; Paz, Elias; Salcedo, Luis; Spielmann, Adriano A.; Wilk, Karina; Will-Wolf, Susan; Yánez-Ayabaca, Alba (2013). "Ten new species of lichenized Basidiomycota in the genera Dictyonema and Cora (Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae), with a key to all accepted genera and species in the Dictyonema clade". Phytotaxa. 139 (1): 1–38.
doi:
10.11646/phytotaxa.139.1.1.
Lücking, Robert; Forno, Manuela Dal; Moncada, Bibiana; Coca, Luis Fernando; Vargas-Mendoza, Leidy Yasmín;
Aptroot, André; Arias, Laura Juliana; Besal, Betty; Bungartz, Frank; Cabrera-Amaya, Diego Mauricio; Cáceres, Marcela E. S.; Chaves, José Luis; Eliasaro, Sionara; Gutiérrez, Martha Cecilia; Hernández Marin, Jesús E.; de los Ángeles Herrera-Campos, María; Holgado-Rojas, María E.; Jonitz, Harald; Kukwa, Martin; Lucheta, Fabiane; Madriñán, Santiago; Marcelli, Marcelo Pinto; de Azevedo Martins, Suzana Maria; Mercado-Díaz, Joel A.; Molina, Jorge Alberto; Morales, Eduardo A.; Nelson, Peter R.; Nugra, Freddy; Ortega, Francisco; Paredes, Telma; Patiño, Ayda Lucía; Peláez-Pulido, Rouchi Nadine; Pérez, Rosa Emilia Pérez; Perlmutter, Gary B.; Rivas-Plata, Eimy; Robayo, Javier; Rodríguez, Camilo; Simijaca, Diego Fernando; Soto-Medina, Edier; Spielmann, Adriano Afonso; Suárez-Corredor, Alejandra; Torres, Jean-Marc; Vargas, Carlos Alberto; Yánez-Ayabaca, Alba;
Weerakoon, Gothamie; Wilk, Karina; Pacheco, Marcela Celis; Diazgranados, Mauricio; Brokamp, Grischa; Borsch, Thomas; Gillevet, Patrick M.; Sikaroodi, Masoumeh; Lawrey, James D. (2016). "Turbo-taxonomy to assemble a megadiverse lichen genus: seventy new species of Cora (Basidiomycota: Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae), honouring David Leslie Hawksworth's seventieth birthday". Fungal Diversity. 84 (1): 139–207.
doi:
10.1007/s13225-016-0374-9.
S2CID256063070.