A circumpolar distribution is any range of a taxon that occurs over a wide range of longitudes but only at high latitudes; such a range therefore extends all the way around either the North Pole or the South Pole. [1] [2] Taxa that are also found in isolated high-mountain environments further from the poles are said to have arctic–alpine distributions. [3]
Animals with circumpolar distributions include the reindeer, [1] [2] polar bear, [4] Arctic fox, [1] [5] snowy owl, [5] snow bunting, [5] king eider, [5] brent goose [5] and long-tailed skua [5] in the north, and the Weddell seal [1] and Adélie penguin [1] in the south.
Plants with northern circumpolar distributions include Eutrema edwardsii (syn. Draba laevigata), [2] Saxifraga oppositifolia, [3] Persicaria vivipara [6] and Honckenya peploides. [7] [8] [9]
References
- ^ a b c d e Vladimir Kotlyakov & Anna Komarova (2006). Elsevier's Dictionary of Geography: in English, Russian, French, Spanish and German. Elsevier. p. 119. ISBN 9780080488783.
- ^ a b c "Circumpolar distribution". Oxford Reference. Oxford University Press. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
- ^ a b Peter D. Moore (2009). "Types of tundra". Tundra. Ecosystem Series. Infobase Publishing. pp. 64–85. ISBN 9781438118727.
- ^ T. Kue Young, ed. (2011). "Plants and animals". Circumpolar Health Atlas. University of Toronto Press. pp. 21–33. ISBN 978-1-4426-4456-4.
- ^ a b c d e f Y. I. Chernov (1988). "Distribution of animals and plants". The Living Tundra. Studies in Polar Research. Cambridge University Press. pp. 101–118. ISBN 9780521357548.
- ^ Roger L. Williams (2002). A Guide To Rocky Mountain Plants. Roberts Rinehart. p. 105. ISBN 9781461733492.
- ^ Julia Sánchez Vilas (2007). Sexual dimorphism in ecological and physiological traits in the subdioecious dune plant Honckenya peploides (L.) Ehrh (Thesis). Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. hdl: 10347/2341.
- ^ Hultén, Eric (1962). The circumpolar plants. 1, Vascular cryptogams, conifers, monocotyledons. Stockholm, Sweden: Almqvist & Wiksell.
- ^ Hultén, Eric (1971). The circumpolar plants. 2, Dicotyledons. Stockholm, Sweden: Almqvist & Wiksell.
A circumpolar distribution is any range of a taxon that occurs over a wide range of longitudes but only at high latitudes; such a range therefore extends all the way around either the North Pole or the South Pole. [1] [2] Taxa that are also found in isolated high-mountain environments further from the poles are said to have arctic–alpine distributions. [3]
Animals with circumpolar distributions include the reindeer, [1] [2] polar bear, [4] Arctic fox, [1] [5] snowy owl, [5] snow bunting, [5] king eider, [5] brent goose [5] and long-tailed skua [5] in the north, and the Weddell seal [1] and Adélie penguin [1] in the south.
Plants with northern circumpolar distributions include Eutrema edwardsii (syn. Draba laevigata), [2] Saxifraga oppositifolia, [3] Persicaria vivipara [6] and Honckenya peploides. [7] [8] [9]
References
- ^ a b c d e Vladimir Kotlyakov & Anna Komarova (2006). Elsevier's Dictionary of Geography: in English, Russian, French, Spanish and German. Elsevier. p. 119. ISBN 9780080488783.
- ^ a b c "Circumpolar distribution". Oxford Reference. Oxford University Press. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
- ^ a b Peter D. Moore (2009). "Types of tundra". Tundra. Ecosystem Series. Infobase Publishing. pp. 64–85. ISBN 9781438118727.
- ^ T. Kue Young, ed. (2011). "Plants and animals". Circumpolar Health Atlas. University of Toronto Press. pp. 21–33. ISBN 978-1-4426-4456-4.
- ^ a b c d e f Y. I. Chernov (1988). "Distribution of animals and plants". The Living Tundra. Studies in Polar Research. Cambridge University Press. pp. 101–118. ISBN 9780521357548.
- ^ Roger L. Williams (2002). A Guide To Rocky Mountain Plants. Roberts Rinehart. p. 105. ISBN 9781461733492.
- ^ Julia Sánchez Vilas (2007). Sexual dimorphism in ecological and physiological traits in the subdioecious dune plant Honckenya peploides (L.) Ehrh (Thesis). Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. hdl: 10347/2341.
- ^ Hultén, Eric (1962). The circumpolar plants. 1, Vascular cryptogams, conifers, monocotyledons. Stockholm, Sweden: Almqvist & Wiksell.
- ^ Hultén, Eric (1971). The circumpolar plants. 2, Dicotyledons. Stockholm, Sweden: Almqvist & Wiksell.