| Chresmodidae Temporal range:
[1]
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Fossil specimen of Chresmoda obscura from Germany, on display at Galerie de paléontologie et d'anatomie comparée in Paris | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Class: | |
| Subclass: | |
| Infraclass: | |
| Superorder: | |
| (unranked): | |
| Family: | Chresmodidae Haase 1890
|
Chresmodidae is an extinct family of Mesozoic insects within the superorder Polyneoptera. [2] [3] [4]
Genera
- Chresmoda Late Jurassic-Cenomanian, Worldwide
- Jurachresmoda Zhang, Ren & Shih, 2008 Middle Jurassic, Jiulongshan Formation [5]
- Sinochresmoda Zhang, Ren & Pang, 2008 Early Cretaceous, Yixian Formation [6]
Prochresmoda from the Triassic of Kyrgyzstan is not currently considered part of the group and is considered to be more closely related to Triassophasma and Palaeochresmoda. [7]
Their affinities within the Polyneoptera have long been considered uncertain. [8] Some authors have suggested that they represent a derived group of cockroaches. [9]
Description
Chresmodidae are large enigmatic insects with very long specialized legs, probably adapted for skating on the water surface, similar to extant water skaters. They can reach a size of about 17 centimetres (6.7 in). [10] [11] and even 19 centimetres (7.5 in). [12]
These Polyneoptera of uncertain position have been considered aquatic, living on the water surface, probably predaceous on nektonic small animals. [13] [14]
They lived during the Cretaceous of Brazil, China, Lebanon, Spain, United Kingdom, as well as in the Jurassic of Germany and China, from ~166.0 to 94.3 Ma. [1]
References
- ^ a b "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
- ^ "Chresmodidae - Information on Chresmodidae - Encyclopedia of Life". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
- ^ "family †Chresmodidae Haase, 1890". speciesfile.org. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
- ^ Delclos X, Nel A, Azar D, Bechly G, Dunlop JA, Engel MS, Heads SW The enigmatic Mesozoic insect taxon Chresmodidae (Polyneoptera): New palaeobiological and phylogenetic data, with the description of a new species from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil
- ^ ZHANG, XIN-WEN; REN, DONG; PANG, HONG; SHIH, CHUNG-KUN (2008-05-05). "A water-skiing chresmodid from the Middle Jurassic in Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China (Polyneoptera: Orthopterida)". Zootaxa. 1762 (1): 53. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.1762.1.3. ISSN 1175-5334.
- ^ ZHANG, XIN-WEN; REN, DONG; PANG, HONG; SHIH, CHUNG-KUN (2008-02-13). "A new genus and species of Chresmodidae (Insecta: Gryllones) from Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous of Yixian Formation, Inner Mongolia, China". Zootaxa. 1702 (1): 26. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.1702.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334.
- ^ Nel, André; Marchal-Papier, Francine; Béthoux, Olivier; Gall, Jean-Claude (January 2004). "A "stick insect-like" from the Triassic of the Vosges (France) ("pre-Tertiary Phasmatodea")". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. Nouvelle Série (in French). 40 (1): 31–36. doi: 10.1080/00379271.2004.10697402. ISSN 0037-9271.
- ^ Shi, Chaofan; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong (2019-03-15), Ren, Dong; Shih, Chung Kun; Gao, Taiping; Yao, Yunzhi (eds.), "Chresmodidae - Water-Walking Insects", Rhythms of Insect Evolution, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 157–163, doi: 10.1002/9781119427957.ch12, ISBN 978-1-119-42795-7, retrieved 2023-08-07
- ^ Vršanský, Peter (2020), "New Assemblages of the Bakhar Locality", Cockroaches from Jurassic sediments of the Bakhar Formation in Mongolia, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 33–62, doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-59407-7_4, ISBN 978-3-030-59406-0, retrieved 2023-08-07
- ^ "Fossil mit der ID: 2106 - Chresmoda obscura GERMAR, 1839 - Die Fossilien von Solnhofen". solnhofen-fossilienatlas.de. Archived from the original on 9 September 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
- ^ "Fossil mit der ID: 1551 - Chresmoda obscura GERMAR, 1839 - Die Fossilien von Solnhofen". solnhofen-fossilienatlas.de. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
- ^ "Fossil mit der ID: 1780 - Chresmoda obscura GERMAR, 1839 - Die Fossilien von Solnhofen". solnhofen-fossilienatlas.de. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
- ^ A. G. Ponomarenko Fossil insects from the Tithonian «Solnhofener Plattenkalke» in the Museum of Natural History, Vienna
- ^ A. Nel, D. Azar, X. Martinez-Delclos and E. Makhoul A new Upper Cretaceous species of Chresmoda from Lebanon - a latest representative of Chresmodidae (Insecta: Polyneoptera inc. sed.): first record of homeotic mutations in the fossil record of insects
| Chresmodidae Temporal range:
[1]
| |
|---|---|
|
| |
| Fossil specimen of Chresmoda obscura from Germany, on display at Galerie de paléontologie et d'anatomie comparée in Paris | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Class: | |
| Subclass: | |
| Infraclass: | |
| Superorder: | |
| (unranked): | |
| Family: | Chresmodidae Haase 1890
|
Chresmodidae is an extinct family of Mesozoic insects within the superorder Polyneoptera. [2] [3] [4]
Genera
- Chresmoda Late Jurassic-Cenomanian, Worldwide
- Jurachresmoda Zhang, Ren & Shih, 2008 Middle Jurassic, Jiulongshan Formation [5]
- Sinochresmoda Zhang, Ren & Pang, 2008 Early Cretaceous, Yixian Formation [6]
Prochresmoda from the Triassic of Kyrgyzstan is not currently considered part of the group and is considered to be more closely related to Triassophasma and Palaeochresmoda. [7]
Their affinities within the Polyneoptera have long been considered uncertain. [8] Some authors have suggested that they represent a derived group of cockroaches. [9]
Description
Chresmodidae are large enigmatic insects with very long specialized legs, probably adapted for skating on the water surface, similar to extant water skaters. They can reach a size of about 17 centimetres (6.7 in). [10] [11] and even 19 centimetres (7.5 in). [12]
These Polyneoptera of uncertain position have been considered aquatic, living on the water surface, probably predaceous on nektonic small animals. [13] [14]
They lived during the Cretaceous of Brazil, China, Lebanon, Spain, United Kingdom, as well as in the Jurassic of Germany and China, from ~166.0 to 94.3 Ma. [1]
References
- ^ a b "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
- ^ "Chresmodidae - Information on Chresmodidae - Encyclopedia of Life". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
- ^ "family †Chresmodidae Haase, 1890". speciesfile.org. Archived from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
- ^ Delclos X, Nel A, Azar D, Bechly G, Dunlop JA, Engel MS, Heads SW The enigmatic Mesozoic insect taxon Chresmodidae (Polyneoptera): New palaeobiological and phylogenetic data, with the description of a new species from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil
- ^ ZHANG, XIN-WEN; REN, DONG; PANG, HONG; SHIH, CHUNG-KUN (2008-05-05). "A water-skiing chresmodid from the Middle Jurassic in Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China (Polyneoptera: Orthopterida)". Zootaxa. 1762 (1): 53. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.1762.1.3. ISSN 1175-5334.
- ^ ZHANG, XIN-WEN; REN, DONG; PANG, HONG; SHIH, CHUNG-KUN (2008-02-13). "A new genus and species of Chresmodidae (Insecta: Gryllones) from Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous of Yixian Formation, Inner Mongolia, China". Zootaxa. 1702 (1): 26. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.1702.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334.
- ^ Nel, André; Marchal-Papier, Francine; Béthoux, Olivier; Gall, Jean-Claude (January 2004). "A "stick insect-like" from the Triassic of the Vosges (France) ("pre-Tertiary Phasmatodea")". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. Nouvelle Série (in French). 40 (1): 31–36. doi: 10.1080/00379271.2004.10697402. ISSN 0037-9271.
- ^ Shi, Chaofan; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong (2019-03-15), Ren, Dong; Shih, Chung Kun; Gao, Taiping; Yao, Yunzhi (eds.), "Chresmodidae - Water-Walking Insects", Rhythms of Insect Evolution, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 157–163, doi: 10.1002/9781119427957.ch12, ISBN 978-1-119-42795-7, retrieved 2023-08-07
- ^ Vršanský, Peter (2020), "New Assemblages of the Bakhar Locality", Cockroaches from Jurassic sediments of the Bakhar Formation in Mongolia, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 33–62, doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-59407-7_4, ISBN 978-3-030-59406-0, retrieved 2023-08-07
- ^ "Fossil mit der ID: 2106 - Chresmoda obscura GERMAR, 1839 - Die Fossilien von Solnhofen". solnhofen-fossilienatlas.de. Archived from the original on 9 September 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
- ^ "Fossil mit der ID: 1551 - Chresmoda obscura GERMAR, 1839 - Die Fossilien von Solnhofen". solnhofen-fossilienatlas.de. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
- ^ "Fossil mit der ID: 1780 - Chresmoda obscura GERMAR, 1839 - Die Fossilien von Solnhofen". solnhofen-fossilienatlas.de. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
- ^ A. G. Ponomarenko Fossil insects from the Tithonian «Solnhofener Plattenkalke» in the Museum of Natural History, Vienna
- ^ A. Nel, D. Azar, X. Martinez-Delclos and E. Makhoul A new Upper Cretaceous species of Chresmoda from Lebanon - a latest representative of Chresmodidae (Insecta: Polyneoptera inc. sed.): first record of homeotic mutations in the fossil record of insects