Premodern Japan | |
---|---|
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Daijō-daijin | |
Minister of the Left | Sadaijin |
Minister of the Right | Udaijin |
Minister of the Center | Naidaijin |
Major Counselor | Dainagon |
Middle Counselor | Chūnagon |
Minor Counselor | Shōnagon |
Eight Ministries | |
Center | Nakatsukasa-shō |
Ceremonial | Shikibu-shō |
Civil Administration | Jibu-shō |
Popular Affairs | Minbu-shō |
War | Hyōbu-shō |
Justice | Gyōbu-shō |
Treasury | Ōkura-shō |
Imperial Household | Kunai-shō |
Chūnagon (中納言) was a counselor of the second rank in the Imperial court of Japan. [1] The role dates from the 7th century.
The role was eliminated from the Imperial hierarchy in 701, but it was re-established in 705. This advisory position remained a part of the Imperial court from the 8th century until the Meiji period in the 19th century. [2]
This became a Taihō Code office in the early feudal Japanese government or daijō-kan.
In the ranks of the Imperial bureaucracy, the Chūnagon came between the Dainagon (major counselors) and the Shōnagon (minor counselors). [3] Imperial honors included the sometimes creation of a temporary or "acting middle counselor" (権中納言, gon-chūnagon). [4]
The number of Chūnagon has varied, from three in 705 to four in 756. There were eight in 1015; and in later years, there were up to ten Chūnagon at one time. [2]
Any exercise of meaningful powers of court officials in the pre- Meiji period reached its nadir during the years of the Tokugawa shogunate, and yet the core structures of ritsuryō government did manage to endure for centuries. [5]
In order to appreciate the office of Chūnagon, it is necessary to evaluate its role in the traditional Japanese context of a durable yet flexible framework. This was a bureaucratic network and a hierarchy of functionaries. The role of Chūnagon was an important element in the Daijō-kan (Council of State). The Daijō-kan schema proved to be adaptable in the creation of constitutional government in the modern period. [6]
The highest positions in the court hierarchy can be cataloged. [7] A dry list provides a superficial glimpse inside the complexity and inter-connected relationships of the Imperial court structure.
The next highest tier of officials were:
Other high-ranking bureaucrats who function somewhat flexibly within the Daijō-kan were;
The government ministries were eight semi-independent bureaucracies. A list alone cannot reveal much about the actual functioning of the Daijō-kan, but the broad hierarchical categories do suggest the way in which governmental functions were parsed:
Left
Right
The specific ministries above are not grouped arbitrarily. The two court officials below had responsibility for them as follows:
Premodern Japan | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Daijō-daijin | |
Minister of the Left | Sadaijin |
Minister of the Right | Udaijin |
Minister of the Center | Naidaijin |
Major Counselor | Dainagon |
Middle Counselor | Chūnagon |
Minor Counselor | Shōnagon |
Eight Ministries | |
Center | Nakatsukasa-shō |
Ceremonial | Shikibu-shō |
Civil Administration | Jibu-shō |
Popular Affairs | Minbu-shō |
War | Hyōbu-shō |
Justice | Gyōbu-shō |
Treasury | Ōkura-shō |
Imperial Household | Kunai-shō |
Chūnagon (中納言) was a counselor of the second rank in the Imperial court of Japan. [1] The role dates from the 7th century.
The role was eliminated from the Imperial hierarchy in 701, but it was re-established in 705. This advisory position remained a part of the Imperial court from the 8th century until the Meiji period in the 19th century. [2]
This became a Taihō Code office in the early feudal Japanese government or daijō-kan.
In the ranks of the Imperial bureaucracy, the Chūnagon came between the Dainagon (major counselors) and the Shōnagon (minor counselors). [3] Imperial honors included the sometimes creation of a temporary or "acting middle counselor" (権中納言, gon-chūnagon). [4]
The number of Chūnagon has varied, from three in 705 to four in 756. There were eight in 1015; and in later years, there were up to ten Chūnagon at one time. [2]
Any exercise of meaningful powers of court officials in the pre- Meiji period reached its nadir during the years of the Tokugawa shogunate, and yet the core structures of ritsuryō government did manage to endure for centuries. [5]
In order to appreciate the office of Chūnagon, it is necessary to evaluate its role in the traditional Japanese context of a durable yet flexible framework. This was a bureaucratic network and a hierarchy of functionaries. The role of Chūnagon was an important element in the Daijō-kan (Council of State). The Daijō-kan schema proved to be adaptable in the creation of constitutional government in the modern period. [6]
The highest positions in the court hierarchy can be cataloged. [7] A dry list provides a superficial glimpse inside the complexity and inter-connected relationships of the Imperial court structure.
The next highest tier of officials were:
Other high-ranking bureaucrats who function somewhat flexibly within the Daijō-kan were;
The government ministries were eight semi-independent bureaucracies. A list alone cannot reveal much about the actual functioning of the Daijō-kan, but the broad hierarchical categories do suggest the way in which governmental functions were parsed:
Left
Right
The specific ministries above are not grouped arbitrarily. The two court officials below had responsibility for them as follows: