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| Names | |
|---|---|
|
Systematic IUPAC name
(12S,14S,15R,16R,32R,33R,34S,35S,36R,52R,53S,54R,55R,56Ξ,72S,73S,74R,75S,76S)-15,55-Diacetamido-14,33,35,56,73,74,75-heptahydroxy-36,52-bis(hydroxymethyl)-76-methyl-16-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]-2,4,6-trioxa-1,7(2),3(4,2),5(4,3)-tetraoxanaheptaphane-12-carboxylic acid | |
| Other names
sialyl LeA, SLeA, cancer antigen 19-9, CA19-9
| |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (
JSmol)
|
|
| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| MeSH | sialyl+Lewis+A |
PubChem
CID
|
|
| UNII | |
| |
| Properties | |
| C31H52N2O23 | |
| Molar mass | 820.748 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
| |
Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), also known as sialyl-LewisA, is a tetrasaccharide which is usually attached to O- glycans on the surface of cells. It is known to play a role in cell-to-cell recognition processes. It is also a tumor marker used primarily in the management of pancreatic cancer. [1]
Structure
CA19-9 is the sialylated form of Lewis AntigenA. It is a tetrasaccharide with the sequence Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-3[Fucα1-4]GlcNAcβ.
Clinical significance
Tumor marker
Guidelines from the American Society of Clinical Oncology discourage the use of CA19-9 as a screening test for cancer, particularly pancreatic cancer. The reason is that the test may be falsely normal ( false negative) in many cases, or abnormally elevated in people who have no cancer at all ( false positive). The main use of CA19-9 is therefore to see whether a pancreatic tumor is secreting it; if that is the case, then the levels should fall when the tumor is treated, and they may rise again if the disease recurs. [2] Therefore it is useful as a surrogate marker for relapse.
In people with pancreatic masses, CA19-9 can be useful in distinguishing between cancer and other diseases of the gland. [1] [3]
Limitations
CA19-9 can be elevated in many types of gastrointestinal cancer, such as colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. [1] Apart from cancer, elevated levels may occur in pancreatitis, cirrhosis, [1] and diseases of the bile ducts. [1] [3] It can also be elevated in people with obstruction of the bile ducts. [3]
In patients who lack the Lewis antigen A (a blood type antigen on red blood cells), which is about 10% of the Caucasian population, CA19-9 is not produced by any cells, [3] even in those with large tumors. [2] This is because of a deficiency of a fucosyltransferase enzyme that is needed to produce Lewis antigen A. [2]
History
CA19-9 was discovered in the serum of patients with colon cancer and pancreatic cancer in 1981. [4] It was characterized shortly after, and it was found to be carried primarily by mucins. [5]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e Perkins, G.; Slater, E.; Sanders, G.; Prichard, J. (2003). "Serum tumor markers". American Family Physician. 68 (6): 1075–1082. PMID 14524394.
- ^ a b c Locker G, Hamilton S, Harris J, Jessup J, Kemeny N, Macdonald J, Somerfield M, Hayes D, Bast R (2006). "ASCO 2006 update of recommendations for the use of tumor markers in gastrointestinal cancer". J. Clin. Oncol. 24 (33): 5313–27. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2006.08.2644. PMID 17060676.
- ^ a b c d Goonetilleke KS, Siriwardena AK (April 2007). "Systematic review of carbohydrate antigen (CA19-9) as a biochemical marker in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer". Eur J Surg Oncol. 33 (3): 266–70. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2006.10.004. PMID 17097848.
- ^ Koprowski H, Herlyn M, Steplewski Z, Sears HF (1981). "Specific antigen in serum of patients with colon carcinoma". Science. 212 (4490): 53–5. Bibcode: 1981Sci...212...53K. doi: 10.1126/science.6163212. PMID 6163212.
- ^ Magnani, JL (15 June 2004). "The discovery, biology, and drug development of sialyl Lea and sialyl Lex". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 426 (2): 122–31. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2004.04.008. PMID 15158662.
External links
- CA-19-9+Antigen at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- CA19-9 at Lab Tests Online
- CA19-9: analyte monograph - The Association for Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine
- Essentials of Glycobiology 3rd Edition, Chapter 14: "Structures Common to Different Glycans" https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK453042/#_Ch14_s2_
|
| |
| Names | |
|---|---|
|
Systematic IUPAC name
(12S,14S,15R,16R,32R,33R,34S,35S,36R,52R,53S,54R,55R,56Ξ,72S,73S,74R,75S,76S)-15,55-Diacetamido-14,33,35,56,73,74,75-heptahydroxy-36,52-bis(hydroxymethyl)-76-methyl-16-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]-2,4,6-trioxa-1,7(2),3(4,2),5(4,3)-tetraoxanaheptaphane-12-carboxylic acid | |
| Other names
sialyl LeA, SLeA, cancer antigen 19-9, CA19-9
| |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (
JSmol)
|
|
| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| MeSH | sialyl+Lewis+A |
PubChem
CID
|
|
| UNII | |
| |
| Properties | |
| C31H52N2O23 | |
| Molar mass | 820.748 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
| |
Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), also known as sialyl-LewisA, is a tetrasaccharide which is usually attached to O- glycans on the surface of cells. It is known to play a role in cell-to-cell recognition processes. It is also a tumor marker used primarily in the management of pancreatic cancer. [1]
Structure
CA19-9 is the sialylated form of Lewis AntigenA. It is a tetrasaccharide with the sequence Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-3[Fucα1-4]GlcNAcβ.
Clinical significance
Tumor marker
Guidelines from the American Society of Clinical Oncology discourage the use of CA19-9 as a screening test for cancer, particularly pancreatic cancer. The reason is that the test may be falsely normal ( false negative) in many cases, or abnormally elevated in people who have no cancer at all ( false positive). The main use of CA19-9 is therefore to see whether a pancreatic tumor is secreting it; if that is the case, then the levels should fall when the tumor is treated, and they may rise again if the disease recurs. [2] Therefore it is useful as a surrogate marker for relapse.
In people with pancreatic masses, CA19-9 can be useful in distinguishing between cancer and other diseases of the gland. [1] [3]
Limitations
CA19-9 can be elevated in many types of gastrointestinal cancer, such as colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. [1] Apart from cancer, elevated levels may occur in pancreatitis, cirrhosis, [1] and diseases of the bile ducts. [1] [3] It can also be elevated in people with obstruction of the bile ducts. [3]
In patients who lack the Lewis antigen A (a blood type antigen on red blood cells), which is about 10% of the Caucasian population, CA19-9 is not produced by any cells, [3] even in those with large tumors. [2] This is because of a deficiency of a fucosyltransferase enzyme that is needed to produce Lewis antigen A. [2]
History
CA19-9 was discovered in the serum of patients with colon cancer and pancreatic cancer in 1981. [4] It was characterized shortly after, and it was found to be carried primarily by mucins. [5]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e Perkins, G.; Slater, E.; Sanders, G.; Prichard, J. (2003). "Serum tumor markers". American Family Physician. 68 (6): 1075–1082. PMID 14524394.
- ^ a b c Locker G, Hamilton S, Harris J, Jessup J, Kemeny N, Macdonald J, Somerfield M, Hayes D, Bast R (2006). "ASCO 2006 update of recommendations for the use of tumor markers in gastrointestinal cancer". J. Clin. Oncol. 24 (33): 5313–27. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2006.08.2644. PMID 17060676.
- ^ a b c d Goonetilleke KS, Siriwardena AK (April 2007). "Systematic review of carbohydrate antigen (CA19-9) as a biochemical marker in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer". Eur J Surg Oncol. 33 (3): 266–70. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2006.10.004. PMID 17097848.
- ^ Koprowski H, Herlyn M, Steplewski Z, Sears HF (1981). "Specific antigen in serum of patients with colon carcinoma". Science. 212 (4490): 53–5. Bibcode: 1981Sci...212...53K. doi: 10.1126/science.6163212. PMID 6163212.
- ^ Magnani, JL (15 June 2004). "The discovery, biology, and drug development of sialyl Lea and sialyl Lex". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 426 (2): 122–31. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2004.04.008. PMID 15158662.
External links
- CA-19-9+Antigen at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- CA19-9 at Lab Tests Online
- CA19-9: analyte monograph - The Association for Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine
- Essentials of Glycobiology 3rd Edition, Chapter 14: "Structures Common to Different Glycans" https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK453042/#_Ch14_s2_