Bruno Loi | |
|---|---|
| Born | 23 August 1941 |
| Allegiance | 
Italy |
| Service/ |
Esercito Italiano |
| Years of service | 1960-2004 |
| Rank |
.svg){kind=small}
Lieutenant General |
| Commands held | UNOSOM II |
| Battles/wars | Checkpoint Pasta battle |
| Awards |
Knight Grand Cross, OMRI 
Officer, OMI 
Officer, Legion of Merit |
Bruno Loi (born August 23, 1941) is a retired Italian Army lieutenant general, who served as commander of the Italian forces in UNOSOM II from May to September 1993. [1]
Loi was infuriated as the result of an American operation in the Italian zone of control on June 22, 1993, since it took place without his permission. [2] Loi was the commanding officer for the Italian forces in the Battle of Checkpoint Pasta. [3] He later re-occupied Checkpoint Pasta after the battle, to do this he used diplomacy to persuade Somali general Mohamed Farrah Aidid to withdraw, annoying the United States, who viewed diplomacy as a waste of effort and advocated a forceful solution. [4] The United Nations asked Italy to remove Loi from his position in July on charges of insubordination, a request which Italy denied. [5] These incidents contributed to a considerable straining of relations between Italy and the rest of the United Nations peacekeeping force. [6] Loi served out the rest of his term as commander, returning to Italy in September. [6]
- ^ Tripodi, Paolo (August 2, 1999). The Colonial Legacy in Somalia: Rome and Mogadishu: from Colonial Administration to Operation Restore Hope. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 157. ISBN 978-0333763513.
- ^ Rutherford, Kenneth (October 15, 2008). Humanitarianism Under Fire: The US and UN Intervention in Somalia. Lynne Riener. p. 144. ISBN 978-1565492608.
- ^ Nigro, Vincenzo (July 5, 2013). "Somalia, la battaglia al check-point Pasta. Il racconto del generale Loi vent'anni dopo". Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved July 9, 2020.
- ^ Young, Peter; Jesser, Peter (October 13, 2017). The Media and the Military. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 218. ISBN 978-0333719046.
- ^ Clarke, Walter S.; Herbst, Jeffrey (March 7, 1997). Learning From Somalia: The Lessons Of Armed Humanitarian Intervention. Routledge. p. 143. ISBN 978-0813327945.
- ^ a b Woodhouse, Tom; Bruce, Robert; Dando, Malcolm (January 19, 1998). Peacekeeping and Peacemaking: Towards Effective Intervention in Post-Cold War Conflicts. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 176. ISBN 978-0333669228.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
 | This biographical article related to the Italian military is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
Bruno Loi | |
|---|---|
| Born | 23 August 1941 |
| Allegiance |
Italy |
| Service/ |
Esercito Italiano |
| Years of service | 1960-2004 |
| Rank |
Lieutenant General |
| Commands held | UNOSOM II |
| Battles/wars | Checkpoint Pasta battle |
| Awards |
Knight Grand Cross, OMRI
Officer, OMI
Officer, Legion of Merit |
Bruno Loi (born August 23, 1941) is a retired Italian Army lieutenant general, who served as commander of the Italian forces in UNOSOM II from May to September 1993. [1]
Loi was infuriated as the result of an American operation in the Italian zone of control on June 22, 1993, since it took place without his permission. [2] Loi was the commanding officer for the Italian forces in the Battle of Checkpoint Pasta. [3] He later re-occupied Checkpoint Pasta after the battle, to do this he used diplomacy to persuade Somali general Mohamed Farrah Aidid to withdraw, annoying the United States, who viewed diplomacy as a waste of effort and advocated a forceful solution. [4] The United Nations asked Italy to remove Loi from his position in July on charges of insubordination, a request which Italy denied. [5] These incidents contributed to a considerable straining of relations between Italy and the rest of the United Nations peacekeeping force. [6] Loi served out the rest of his term as commander, returning to Italy in September. [6]
- ^ Tripodi, Paolo (August 2, 1999). The Colonial Legacy in Somalia: Rome and Mogadishu: from Colonial Administration to Operation Restore Hope. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 157. ISBN 978-0333763513.
- ^ Rutherford, Kenneth (October 15, 2008). Humanitarianism Under Fire: The US and UN Intervention in Somalia. Lynne Riener. p. 144. ISBN 978-1565492608.
- ^ Nigro, Vincenzo (July 5, 2013). "Somalia, la battaglia al check-point Pasta. Il racconto del generale Loi vent'anni dopo". Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved July 9, 2020.
- ^ Young, Peter; Jesser, Peter (October 13, 2017). The Media and the Military. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 218. ISBN 978-0333719046.
- ^ Clarke, Walter S.; Herbst, Jeffrey (March 7, 1997). Learning From Somalia: The Lessons Of Armed Humanitarian Intervention. Routledge. p. 143. ISBN 978-0813327945.
- ^ a b Woodhouse, Tom; Bruce, Robert; Dando, Malcolm (January 19, 1998). Peacekeeping and Peacemaking: Towards Effective Intervention in Post-Cold War Conflicts. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 176. ISBN 978-0333669228.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
|
| This biographical article related to the Italian military is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |