Boussinesq approximation may refer to several modelling concepts – as introduced by Joseph Valentin Boussinesq (1842–1929), a French mathematician and physicist known for advances in fluid dynamics:

• Boussinesq approximation (buoyancy) for buoyancy-driven flows for small density differences in the fluid
• Boussinesq approximation (water waves) for long waves propagating on the surface of a fluid layer under the action of gravity
• Turbulence modeling and eddy viscosity: in modelling the turbulence Reynolds stresses, the Boussinesq approximation results in the use of an eddy viscosity concept

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