Bingöl | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 38°53′10″N 40°30′6″E / 38.88611°N 40.50167°E | |
Country | Turkey |
Province | Bingöl |
District | Bingöl |
Government | |
• Mayor | Erdal Arıkan ( AKP) |
Elevation | 1,120 m (3,670 ft) |
Population (2022)
[1] | 133,423 |
Time zone | UTC+3 ( TRT) |
Postal code | 12000 |
Area code | 0426 |
Website |
www |
Bingöl ( Armenian: Ճապաղջուր, romanized: Chapaghjur, Kurdish: Çewlik, [2] Zazaki: Çewlîg [3]), known as Çapakçur before 1944, is a city in Turkey. It is the seat of Bingöl Province and Bingöl District, [4] having a population of 133,423 (2022). [1]
One of the historical names for the city, Bingöl literally means thousand lakes in Turkish; however, there aren't any lakes of considerable size within the boundaries of the province. The name rather refers to many tarns found around the city. [5] [6]
Bingöl is located in what was historically the region of Sophene (first an independent kingdom and later an Armenian and Roman province). [7] The settlement is mentioned by its Armenian name, Chapaghjur (meaning "spread out water" in Armenian), by the 11th-century Armenian historian Stepanos Asoghik, who mentions it while describing the 995 Balu earthquake. [7] Chapaghjur is sometimes identified with the Roman fortress-town of Citharizum (Ktʻaṛich in Armenian). [7]
In the Middle Ages, Bingöl was known as Romanoupolis ( Greek: Ῥωμανούπολις) after the Byzantine emperor Romanos I Lekapenos, who incorporated it into the Byzantine Empire in 942. It initially formed a subdivision of the thema of Mesopotamia, but it was later (ca. 970) elevated into a separate theme. [8]
Bingöl was ruled by the Suwaydid dynasty, a cadet branch of the Barmakids, from the 13th century until mid-Ottoman rule, autonomously from the Ottomans. [9] Bingöl and the surrounding district had a large Armenian population prior to the Armenian genocide. [7] Until the middle of the 20th century, the city was known as Çapakçur/Çabakçur, derived from its Armenian name. [10] [11] In 1944, the place was renamed Bingöl, meaning "thousand lakes" in Turkish.
Bingöl has been the site of several violent incidents of the Kurdish-Turkish conflict. On 23 October 2016, a car bombing targeting an armored police vehicle perpetrated by PKK militias killed 2 police officers and injured 19 others. [12] On 8 June 2018, a group of PKK militias attacked a military station and killed 1 Turkish soldier while injuring 3 others. [13]
Bingöl is 144 kilometres (89 mi) east of Elazığ and is situated in the high region of Eastern Anatolia. Bingöl is a mountainous area with heights reaching 3000 m, Bingöl city is at about 1120 m above sea level. [14] The Gayt River (Gayt Çayı), a right-bank tributary of the Eastern Euphrates ( Murat River), runs through the city.
Bingöl has a continental climate ( Köppen climate classification: Dsa, or Trewartha climate classification: Dca), with hot, dry summers and cold, snowy winters. The driest months are July and August and the wettest is February and December.
Climate data for Bingöl (1991–2020, extremes 1961–2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 13.3 (55.9) |
16.2 (61.2) |
22.3 (72.1) |
30.3 (86.5) |
33.9 (93.0) |
38.0 (100.4) |
42.0 (107.6) |
41.3 (106.3) |
37.8 (100.0) |
32.1 (89.8) |
25.5 (77.9) |
22.8 (73.0) |
42.0 (107.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.4 (36.3) |
4.1 (39.4) |
10.2 (50.4) |
16.9 (62.4) |
23.1 (73.6) |
29.8 (85.6) |
34.7 (94.5) |
35.1 (95.2) |
29.9 (85.8) |
22.0 (71.6) |
12.7 (54.9) |
5.2 (41.4) |
18.8 (65.8) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.1 (28.2) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
4.7 (40.5) |
10.9 (51.6) |
16.2 (61.2) |
22.2 (72.0) |
26.7 (80.1) |
26.7 (80.1) |
21.3 (70.3) |
14.5 (58.1) |
6.8 (44.2) |
0.7 (33.3) |
12.3 (54.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.5 (22.1) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
0.4 (32.7) |
5.8 (42.4) |
10.2 (50.4) |
15.0 (59.0) |
19.3 (66.7) |
19.1 (66.4) |
13.9 (57.0) |
8.6 (47.5) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
6.8 (44.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | −23.2 (−9.8) |
−21.6 (−6.9) |
−20.3 (−4.5) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
1.0 (33.8) |
3.5 (38.3) |
8.8 (47.8) |
7.8 (46.0) |
4.2 (39.6) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−15.0 (5.0) |
−25.1 (−13.2) |
−25.1 (−13.2) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 138.7 (5.46) |
128.9 (5.07) |
134.4 (5.29) |
110.5 (4.35) |
82.5 (3.25) |
21.3 (0.84) |
6.6 (0.26) |
5.1 (0.20) |
15.4 (0.61) |
65.3 (2.57) |
93.1 (3.67) |
133.3 (5.25) |
935.1 (36.81) |
Average precipitation days | 10.47 | 10.37 | 13.43 | 15.17 | 14.50 | 5.70 | 1.93 | 1.57 | 3.33 | 8.33 | 8.47 | 11.30 | 104.6 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 105.4 | 124.3 | 148.8 | 165.0 | 213.9 | 270.0 | 285.2 | 275.9 | 240.0 | 189.1 | 135.0 | 102.3 | 2,254.9 |
Mean daily sunshine hours | 3.4 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 5.5 | 6.9 | 9.0 | 9.2 | 8.9 | 8.0 | 6.1 | 4.5 | 3.3 | 6.2 |
Source: Turkish State Meteorological Service [15] |
On 1 May 2003 the whole area suffered from a magnitude 6.4 earthquake, leaving 176 dead and 520 injured. [16] On 8 March 2010, the area suffered another earthquake, of magnitude 5.9, with its epicenter in Elazığ Province, 45 km (28 mi) west of Bingöl. On 14 June 2020, a relatively small earthquake occurred in the region, killing a village guard and injuring 21 others. [17]
In 1891, the kaza had 20,800 inhabitants: 16,465 Muslims and 4,385 Armenians. [18]
Turkish | Arabic | Kurdish | Circassian | Armenian | Unknown or other languages |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
975 | 1 | 9,416 | – | – | – |
Muslim | Armenian | Orthodox | Other Christian |
---|---|---|---|
10,395 | – | – | – |
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source: Population censuses (1965-1997) [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] and TÜIK (2007-2022) [1] |
Bingöl Airport opened on 12 July 2013. It has a passenger capacity of 500'000 a year.
Bingöl University opened on 29 May 2007. [27] The University continues its activities with 9 faculties, 6 vocational schools and 5 institutes.
{{
cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
Bingöl | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 38°53′10″N 40°30′6″E / 38.88611°N 40.50167°E | |
Country | Turkey |
Province | Bingöl |
District | Bingöl |
Government | |
• Mayor | Erdal Arıkan ( AKP) |
Elevation | 1,120 m (3,670 ft) |
Population (2022)
[1] | 133,423 |
Time zone | UTC+3 ( TRT) |
Postal code | 12000 |
Area code | 0426 |
Website |
www |
Bingöl ( Armenian: Ճապաղջուր, romanized: Chapaghjur, Kurdish: Çewlik, [2] Zazaki: Çewlîg [3]), known as Çapakçur before 1944, is a city in Turkey. It is the seat of Bingöl Province and Bingöl District, [4] having a population of 133,423 (2022). [1]
One of the historical names for the city, Bingöl literally means thousand lakes in Turkish; however, there aren't any lakes of considerable size within the boundaries of the province. The name rather refers to many tarns found around the city. [5] [6]
Bingöl is located in what was historically the region of Sophene (first an independent kingdom and later an Armenian and Roman province). [7] The settlement is mentioned by its Armenian name, Chapaghjur (meaning "spread out water" in Armenian), by the 11th-century Armenian historian Stepanos Asoghik, who mentions it while describing the 995 Balu earthquake. [7] Chapaghjur is sometimes identified with the Roman fortress-town of Citharizum (Ktʻaṛich in Armenian). [7]
In the Middle Ages, Bingöl was known as Romanoupolis ( Greek: Ῥωμανούπολις) after the Byzantine emperor Romanos I Lekapenos, who incorporated it into the Byzantine Empire in 942. It initially formed a subdivision of the thema of Mesopotamia, but it was later (ca. 970) elevated into a separate theme. [8]
Bingöl was ruled by the Suwaydid dynasty, a cadet branch of the Barmakids, from the 13th century until mid-Ottoman rule, autonomously from the Ottomans. [9] Bingöl and the surrounding district had a large Armenian population prior to the Armenian genocide. [7] Until the middle of the 20th century, the city was known as Çapakçur/Çabakçur, derived from its Armenian name. [10] [11] In 1944, the place was renamed Bingöl, meaning "thousand lakes" in Turkish.
Bingöl has been the site of several violent incidents of the Kurdish-Turkish conflict. On 23 October 2016, a car bombing targeting an armored police vehicle perpetrated by PKK militias killed 2 police officers and injured 19 others. [12] On 8 June 2018, a group of PKK militias attacked a military station and killed 1 Turkish soldier while injuring 3 others. [13]
Bingöl is 144 kilometres (89 mi) east of Elazığ and is situated in the high region of Eastern Anatolia. Bingöl is a mountainous area with heights reaching 3000 m, Bingöl city is at about 1120 m above sea level. [14] The Gayt River (Gayt Çayı), a right-bank tributary of the Eastern Euphrates ( Murat River), runs through the city.
Bingöl has a continental climate ( Köppen climate classification: Dsa, or Trewartha climate classification: Dca), with hot, dry summers and cold, snowy winters. The driest months are July and August and the wettest is February and December.
Climate data for Bingöl (1991–2020, extremes 1961–2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 13.3 (55.9) |
16.2 (61.2) |
22.3 (72.1) |
30.3 (86.5) |
33.9 (93.0) |
38.0 (100.4) |
42.0 (107.6) |
41.3 (106.3) |
37.8 (100.0) |
32.1 (89.8) |
25.5 (77.9) |
22.8 (73.0) |
42.0 (107.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.4 (36.3) |
4.1 (39.4) |
10.2 (50.4) |
16.9 (62.4) |
23.1 (73.6) |
29.8 (85.6) |
34.7 (94.5) |
35.1 (95.2) |
29.9 (85.8) |
22.0 (71.6) |
12.7 (54.9) |
5.2 (41.4) |
18.8 (65.8) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.1 (28.2) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
4.7 (40.5) |
10.9 (51.6) |
16.2 (61.2) |
22.2 (72.0) |
26.7 (80.1) |
26.7 (80.1) |
21.3 (70.3) |
14.5 (58.1) |
6.8 (44.2) |
0.7 (33.3) |
12.3 (54.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.5 (22.1) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
0.4 (32.7) |
5.8 (42.4) |
10.2 (50.4) |
15.0 (59.0) |
19.3 (66.7) |
19.1 (66.4) |
13.9 (57.0) |
8.6 (47.5) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
6.8 (44.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | −23.2 (−9.8) |
−21.6 (−6.9) |
−20.3 (−4.5) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
1.0 (33.8) |
3.5 (38.3) |
8.8 (47.8) |
7.8 (46.0) |
4.2 (39.6) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−15.0 (5.0) |
−25.1 (−13.2) |
−25.1 (−13.2) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 138.7 (5.46) |
128.9 (5.07) |
134.4 (5.29) |
110.5 (4.35) |
82.5 (3.25) |
21.3 (0.84) |
6.6 (0.26) |
5.1 (0.20) |
15.4 (0.61) |
65.3 (2.57) |
93.1 (3.67) |
133.3 (5.25) |
935.1 (36.81) |
Average precipitation days | 10.47 | 10.37 | 13.43 | 15.17 | 14.50 | 5.70 | 1.93 | 1.57 | 3.33 | 8.33 | 8.47 | 11.30 | 104.6 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 105.4 | 124.3 | 148.8 | 165.0 | 213.9 | 270.0 | 285.2 | 275.9 | 240.0 | 189.1 | 135.0 | 102.3 | 2,254.9 |
Mean daily sunshine hours | 3.4 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 5.5 | 6.9 | 9.0 | 9.2 | 8.9 | 8.0 | 6.1 | 4.5 | 3.3 | 6.2 |
Source: Turkish State Meteorological Service [15] |
On 1 May 2003 the whole area suffered from a magnitude 6.4 earthquake, leaving 176 dead and 520 injured. [16] On 8 March 2010, the area suffered another earthquake, of magnitude 5.9, with its epicenter in Elazığ Province, 45 km (28 mi) west of Bingöl. On 14 June 2020, a relatively small earthquake occurred in the region, killing a village guard and injuring 21 others. [17]
In 1891, the kaza had 20,800 inhabitants: 16,465 Muslims and 4,385 Armenians. [18]
Turkish | Arabic | Kurdish | Circassian | Armenian | Unknown or other languages |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
975 | 1 | 9,416 | – | – | – |
Muslim | Armenian | Orthodox | Other Christian |
---|---|---|---|
10,395 | – | – | – |
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source: Population censuses (1965-1997) [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] and TÜIK (2007-2022) [1] |
Bingöl Airport opened on 12 July 2013. It has a passenger capacity of 500'000 a year.
Bingöl University opened on 29 May 2007. [27] The University continues its activities with 9 faculties, 6 vocational schools and 5 institutes.
{{
cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)