From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Genus of gastropods
Bela
Shell of Bela nebula , type species of the genus Bela
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
Subclass:
Caenogastropoda
Order:
Neogastropoda
Superfamily:
Conoidea
Family:
Mangeliidae
Genus:
Bela
Gray , 1847
[1]
Type species
Murex nebula (
Montagu , 1803)
Species
See text
Synonyms
[2]
Bela (Bela) Leach, 1847
Fehria van Aartsen, 1988
Ginnania Monterosato, 1884
Ichnusa Jeffreys, 1847 (name introduced in synonymy, not available)
Lora (Bela) Leach, 1847
Mangelia (Bela) J. E. Gray, 1847
† Petrafixia Cossmann, 1901
Pleurotoma (Bela) Leach, 1847
Bela is a
genus of
sea snails ;
marine
gastropod
mollusks in the
family
Mangeliidae .
[2]
Because of taxonomic uncertainty regarding the type species, many authors in the 19th century e.g. G.O. Sars (1878) and W.H.Dall (1919) used the generic name Bela for unrelated species correctly placed in Propebela , Oenopota or Curtitoma , and then used Raphitoma for species currently placed in Bela .
[2]
The ovate shell is fusiform. The surface is dull, smooth, or longitudinally ribbed. The
spire is elevated and shorter than the
body whorl . The
columella is flattened. The
siphonal canal is short. The outer
lip shows a small sinus at its junction with the body whorl.
[3]
Species within the genus Bela (gastropod) include:[
citation needed ]
Bela alma Thiele, 1925
[4]
Bela ampla Smith, E.A., 1884 (taxon inquirendum)
†
Bela angulifera (de Boury, 1899)
†
Bela ankae Gürs, 2001
Bela anna Thiele, 1925
[5]
†
Bela antwerpiensis R. Marquet, 1997
Bela atlantidea (Knudsen, 1952)
Bela barbiton (Melvill, J.C., 1904)
Bela beatriceae (Mariottini, 2007)
†
Bela belgica (Van Regteren Altena, 1959)
Bela bella Barnard, 1958
[6]
†
Bela cataractae (Oostingh, 1938)
Bela chuni Thiele, 1925
[7]
†
Bela crassicostata Cossmann, 1889
†
Bela consimilis (Harmer, 1915)
Bela cycladensis (Reeve, 1845)
[8]
Bela decussata (Locard, 1897)
[9]
†
Bela dekoningi Koperberg, 1931
†
Bela detexta (Bellardi, 1877)
Bela dyscrita (Watson, R.B., 1881)
†
Bela falbalae Ceulemans, Van Dingenen & Landau, 2018
†
Bela fiorentina Della Bella, Naldi & Scarponi, 2015
Bela fuscata (Deshayes, 1835)
[10]
†
Bela gervillei (G.P. Deshayes, 1835)
†
Bela hispida (Bellardi, 1877)
†
Bela hispidula (Bellardi, 1847)
†
Bela idjowensis (Oostingh, 1938)
†
Bela keepingi (Etheridge & Bell, 1898)
†
Bela keukelaari Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2020
†
Bela konstantinoui Kolokotronis, 2023 †
†
Bela lamellicostata Cossmann, 1889
†
Bela lirifera (Bellardi, 1877) (taxon inquirendum)
Bela manolae Horro, Gori & Rolán, 2017
†
Bela megastoma (Brugnone, 1862)
Bela menkhorsti van Aartsen, 1988
[11]
Bela minoica Bogi, Giannuzzi Savelli & Pusateri, 2021
Bela nassoides J. Gardner, 1938
Bela nebula (
Montagu , 1803)
[12]
†
Bela nevropleura (Brugnone, 1862)
Bela nuperrima (Tiberi, 1855)
Bela obliquigradata E.A. Smith, 1884
Bela oceanica (Locard, 1897)
[13]
†
Bela odhneri Harmer, 1915
Bela orientalis K.H.J. Thiele, 1925
Bela patagonica (d'Orbigny, 1841)
†
Bela pediensis Kolokotronis, 2021
†
Bela peyroti Glibert, 1960
†
Bela plagisculpta Della Bella, Naldi & Scarponi, 2015
†
Bela plicatella (Bellardi, 1847)
Bela plicatilis (Risso, 1826)
Bela powisiana (Dautzenberg, 1887)
[14]
†
Bela proxima (Cocconi, 1873)
†
Bela pseudoappeliusi Naldi, Della Bella & Scarponi, 2013
†
Bela pseudomegastoma Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2020
†
Bela pseudoturgida (Strausz, 1954)
†
Bela pseudovulpecula Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2020
†
Bela quadrata (Peyrot, 1938)
†
Bela redoniana Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2020
†
Bela scarponii Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2020
†
Bela sceauxensis Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2020
Bela schoenherri Horro, Ryall & Rolán, 2018
†
Bela seyithasanensis B.M. Landau & al., 2013
Bela submarginata (G. Bonelli in L.M.D. Bellardi, 1847)
Bela spalatina Prkić & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2022
Bela taprurensis (Pallary, 1904)
†
Bela tenuistriata (A. Bell, 1871)
†
Bela trinacria Mariottini & Smriglio, 2009
[15]
Bela turcica K.H.J. Thiele, 1925
Bela turgida (L.A. Reeve, 1844) (nomen dubium)
†
Bela varovtsiana Scarponi & al., 2016
†
Bela vulpecula (Brocchi, 1814)
Bela zenetouae (van Aartsen, 1988)
[16]
Bela zonata (Locard, 1892)
[17]
Species brought into synonymy
Bela abyssicola (Reeve, 1844) : synonym of
Pleurotoma abyssicola Reeve, 1844
Bela abyssorum Locard, 1897 : synonym of
Gymnobela abyssorum (Locard, 1897)
Bela aegeensis (Reeve, 1844) :
[18] synonym of Bela nebula (
Montagu , 1803)
Bela africana Ardovini, 2004 :
[19] synonym of
Sorgenfreispira africana (Ardovini, 2004)
Bela africana Ardovini, 2008 : synonym of
Sorgenfreispira africana (Ardovini, 2004)
Bela alberti (Dautzenberg & Fisher, 1906) :
[20] synonym of
Phymorhynchus alberti (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906)
Bela albrechti Krause, 1886 : synonym of
Granotoma albrechti (Krause, 1886)
Bela aleutica (W.H. Dall, 1871) : synonym of
Oenopota aleutica (W.H. Dall, 1871)
Bela americana Packard, 1867 : synonym of
Propebela scalaris (Møller, 1842)
Bela anderssoni Strebel, 1908 :
[21] synonym of
Falsimohnia anderssoni (Strebel, 1908)
Bela angulosa Sars G. O., 1878 : synonym of
Propebela angulosa (G. O. Sars, 1878)
† Bela annemariae Lozouet, 2015 : synonym of †
Petrafixia annemariae (Lozouet, 2015)
Bela antarctica Strebel, 1908 : synonym of
Conorbela antarctica (Strebel, 1908)
Bela apollinea (Melvill, J.C., 1904) : synonym of
Leiocithara apollinea (Melvill, 1904)
Bela arctica A. Adams, 1855 : synonym of
Propebela arctica (A. Adams, 1855)
Bela ardovinii Mariottini & Oliverio, 2008 :
[22] synonym of
Sorgenfreispira ardovinii (Mariottini & Oliverio, 2008)
Bela assimilis Sars G. O., 1878 : synonym of
Propebela assimilis (Sars G. O., 1878)
Bela australis Adams & Angas, 1864 : synonym of
Guraleus australis (Adams & Angas, 1864)
Bela bergensis Friele, 1886 : synonym of
Propebela bergensis (Friele, 1886)
Bela bicarinata (Couthouy, 1838) : synonym of
Curtitoma violacea (Mighels & C. B. Adams, 1842)
Bela blakei A. E. Verrill, 1885 : synonym of
Mohnia blakei (A. E. Verrill, 1885)
Bela blaneyi Bush, 1909 :
[23] synonym of
Oenopota blaneyi (Bush, 1909)
Bela brachystoma (Philippi, 1844) :
[24] synonym of
Sorgenfreispira brachystoma (Philippi, 1844)
Bela cancellata Mighels & Adams, 1842 sensu G. O. Sars, 1878 : synonym of Bela sarsii Verrill, 1880 : synonym of
Oenopota impressa (Mörch, 1869)
Bela cancellata (Mighels & Adams, 1842) : synonym of
Propebela cancellata (Mighels & Adams, 1842)
† Bela candida Yokoyama, 1926 : synonym of
Oenopota candida (Yokoyama, 1926)
Bela clarae Peñas & Rolán, 2008 :
[25] synonym of
Bela atlantidea (Knudsen, 1952)
Bela concinnula Verrill, 1882 : synonym of
Propebela concinnula (A. E. Verrill, 1882)
Bela confusa (Locard, 1897) :
[26] synonym of Bela brachystoma (Philippi, 1844)
Bela conoidea Sars G. O., 1878 : synonym of
Curtitoma conoidea (Sars G. O., 1878)
Bela costulata (
Risso , 1826) :
[27] synonym of
Mangelia costulata
Risso , 1826
Bela decussata (Couthouy, 1839) : synonym of
Curtitoma decussata (Couthouy, 1839)
Bela demersa Tiberi, 1868 : synonym of
Taranis moerchii (Malm, 1861)
Bela detegata Locard, 1897 : synonym of
Propebela bergensis (Friele, 1886)
Bela erosa (Schrenck, 1861) : synonym of
Rhodopetoma erosa (Schrenck, 1862)
Bela erythraea Jousseaume, 1895 : synonym of
Taranidaphne hongkongensis (Sowerby III, 1889)
Bela eva Thiele, 1925 : synonym of
Maoritomella eva (Thiele, 1925)
Bela exilis Ardovini, 2004 :
[28] synonym of
Sorgenfreispira exilis (Ardovini, 2004)
Bela expansa Sars G. O., 1878 : synonym of Lusitanops expansa (Sars G. O., 1878) : synonym of
Lusitanops expansus (Sars G. O., 1878)
Bela exquisita Yokoyama, 1926 : synonym of
Curtitoma exquisita (Yokoyama, 1926)
Bela eva Thiele, 1925 : synonym of
Maoritomella eva (Thiele, 1925)
Bela excurvata Carpenter, 1864 : synonym of
Oenopota excurvata (Carpenter, 1864)
Bela expansa Sars G. O., 1878 : synonym of
Lusitanops expansa (Sars G. O., 1878)
Bela fidicula (Gould, 1849) : synonym of
Propebela fidicula (Gould, 1849)
Bela filicinctus (E. A. Smith, 1882) : synonym of
Horaiclavus filicinctus (E. A. Smith, 1882)
† Bela formica Nordsieck, 1977 : synonym of
Bela fuscata (Deshayes, 1835) (junior subjective synonym)
Bela fulvicans Strebel, 1908 :
[29] synonym of
Falsimohnia fulvicans (Strebel, 1908)
Bela furfuraculata Locard, 1897 : synonym of
Propebela bergensis (Friele, 1886)
Bela gazellae Strebel, 1905 : synonym of
Mangelia gazellae (Strebel, 1905)
Bela ginnania (Risso, 1826) : synonym of
Haedropleura septangularis (Montagu, 1803)
Bela ginnania (
Risso , 1826) :
[18] synonym of
Haedropleura septangularis (Montagu, 1803)
Bela glacialis Thiele, 1912 :
[30] synonym of
Lorabela glacialis (Thiele, 1912)
Bela gouldii Verrill, 1882 : synonym of
Propebela rugulata (Reeve, 1846)
Bela graphica Locard, 1897 : synonym of
Oenopota graphica (Locard, 1897)
Bela grimaldii Dautzenberg, 1889 : synonym of
Amphissa acutecostata (Philippi, 1844)
Bela grippi Dall, 1908 : synonym of
Bellaspira grippi (Dall, 1908)
Bela guernei Dautzenberg, 1891 : synonym of
Belomitra quadruplex (Watson, 1882)
Bela harpa Dall, 1885 : synonym of
Oenopota harpa (Dall, 1885)
Bela hebes Verrill, 1880 : synonym of
Curtitoma hebes (Verrill, 1880)
Bela holomera Locard, 1897 : synonym of
Gymnobela pyrrhogramma (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896)
Bela iessoensis Smith E. A., 1875 : synonym of
Obesotoma iessoensis (Smith E. A., 1875)
Bela incisula Verrill, 1882 : synonym of
Curtitoma incisula (Verrill, 1882)
Bela kobelti Verkrüzen, 1876 : synonym of
Granotoma kobelti (Verkrüzen, 1876)
† Bela koeneni (Cossmann & Lambert, 1884) : synonym of †
Petrafixia koeneni (Cossmann & Lambert, 1884)
Bela koreni Friele, 1886 : synonym of
Oenopota koreni (Friele, 1886)
Bela krausei Dall, 1887 : synonym of
Granotoma krausei (Dall, 1887)
Bela laevigata (Philippi, 1836) :
[31] synonym of
Bela zonata (Locard, 1892)
Bela laevigata Dall, 1871 : synonym of
Obesotoma laevigata (Dall, 1871)
Bela limatula Locard, 1896 : synonym of
Amphissa acutecostata (Philippi, 1844)
Bela luetkeana Krause, 1885 : synonym of
Propebela luetkeana (Krause, 1885)
Bela lütkeana Krause, 1885 : synonym of Bela luetkeana Krause, 1885: synonym of
Propebela luetkeana (Krause, 1885)
Bela magellanica (Martens, 1881) : synonym of
Oenopota magellanica (Martens, 1881)
Bela martensi Strebel, 1905 : synonym of
Mangelia martensi (Strebel, 1905)
Bela metschigmensis Krause, 1886 : synonym of
Oenopota metschigmensis (Krause, 1886)
Bela michaelseni Strebel, 1905 : synonym of
Mangelia michaelseni (Strebel, 1905)
Bela mingoranceae Martin Perez & Vera-Pelaez, 2006 :
[32] synonym of Bela powisiana (Dautzenberg, 1887)
Bela minuscularia Locard, 1897 : synonym of
Curtitoma violacea (Mighels & C. B. Adams, 1842)
Bela mitralis Adams & Angas, 1864 : synonym of
Guraleus mitralis (Adams & Angas, 1864)
Bela mitrula Lovén, 1846 : synonym of
Propebela exarata (Møller, 1842)
Bela murdochiana Dall, 1885 : synonym of
Oenopota murdochiana (Dall, 1885)
Bela neozelanica Suter, 1908 : synonym of
Scrinium neozelanica (Suter, 1908)
† Bela nitida Pavia, 1976 : synonym of †
Sorgenfreispira nitida (Pavia, 1975) (basionym)
Bela nobilis (Møller, 1842) : synonym of
Propebela nobilis (Møller, 1842)
Bela notophila Strebel, 1908 : synonym of
Lorabela notophila (Strebel, 1908)
Bela obliqua Sars G. O., 1878 : synonym of
Oenopota obliqua (Sars G.O., 1878)
Bela optima Thiele, 1925 : synonym of
Microdrillia optima (Thiele, 1925)
Bela ornata (Locard, 1891) :
[33] synonym of
Mangelia costulata
Risso , 1826
† Bela paessleri H. Strebel, 1905 : synonym of
Mangelia paessleri (H. Strebel, 1905)
Bela pelseneri Strebel, 1908 : synonym of
Lorabela pelseneri (Strebel, 1908)
Bela plicatula Thiele, 1912 : synonym of
Lorabela plicatula (Thiele, 1912)
Bela polysarca (Dautzenberg & Fischer H., 1896) : synonym of
Gymnobela frielei (Verrill, 1885)
† Bela pseudoexilis Della Bella, Naldi & Scarponi, 2015 : synonym of †
Sorgenfreispira pseudoexilis (Della Bella, Naldi & Scarponi, 2015)
Bela purissima Strebel, 1908 : synonym of
Typhlodaphne purissima (Strebel, 1908)
Bela pygmaea Verrill, 1882 : synonym of
Curtitoma ovalis (Friele, 1877)
Bela pyramidalis (Ström, 1788) : synonym of
Oenopota pyramidalis (Strøm, 1788)
Bela rathbuni Verrill, 1882 : synonym of
Propebela rathbuni (Verrill, 1882)
Bela recondita Locard, 1897 : synonym of
Gymnobela pyrrhogramma (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896)
Bela regina Thiele, 1925 : synonym of
Tomopleura regina (Thiele, 1925)
Bela robusta Packard, 1866 : synonym of
Obesotoma robusta (Packard, 1866)
Bela rugulata (Reeve, 1846) : synonym of
Propebela rugulata (Reeve, 1846)
Bela sansibarica Thiele, 1925 : synonym of
Microdrillia sansibarica (Thiele, 1925)
Bela sarsii Verrill, 1880 : synonym of
Oenopota impressa (Mörch, 1869)
† Bela scalariformis (Brugnone, 1862) : synonym of †
Sorgenfreispira scalariformis (Brugnone, 1862)
Bela scalaris (Møller, 1842) : synonym of
Propebela scalaris (Møller, 1842)
Bela scalaroides Sars G. O., 1878 : synonym of
Propebela scalaroides (Sars G. O., 1878)
Bela schmidti Friele, 1886 : synonym of
Oenopota harpa (Dall, 1885)
Bela sculpturata Dall, 1887 : synonym of
Mangelia sculpturata (Dall, 1887)
Bela septangularis (Montagu, 1803) : synonym of
Haedropleura septangularis (Montagu, 1803)
Bela septenvillei (Dautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1913) :
[34] synonym of Bela nebula (
Montagu , 1803)
Bela simplicata É.A.A. Locard, 1896 : synonym of
Amphissa acutecostata (R. A. Philippi, 1844)
Bela solida Dall, 1887 : synonym of
Obesotoma solida (Dall, 1887)
Bela spitzbergensis Friele, 1886 : synonym of
Propebela spitzbergensis (Friele, 1886)
Bela striata Hutton, 1873 : synonym of †
Iredalula striata (Hutton, 1873)
Bela striatula Thiele, 1912 : synonym of
Belalora striatula (Thiele, 1912)
Bela subarctica Derjugin, 1924 : synonym of
Propebela rugulata (Reeve, 1846)
Bela subturgida Verrill, 1884 : synonym of
Propebela subturgida (Verrill, 1884)
Bela subvitrea Verrill, 1884 : synonym of
Propebela subvitrea (Verrill, 1884)
Bela tenuicostata Sars G. O., 1878 : synonym of
Oenopota tenuicostata (Sars G.O., 1878)
Bela tenuilirata Dall, 1871 : synonym of
Obesotoma tenuilirata (Dall, 1871)
Bela tenuilirata Krause, 1886 : synonym of
Curtitoma lawrenciana (Dall, 1919)
Bela tumida Posselt, 1898 : synonym of
Obesotoma tumida (Posselt, 1898)
Bela turricula (Montagu, 1803) : synonym of
Propebela turricula (Montagu, 1803)
Bela turriculata Locard, 1892 : synonym of
Propebela turricula (Montagu, 1803)
Bela turrita Strebel, 1908 : synonym of
Belaturricula turrita (Strebel, 1908)
Bela violacea (Mighels & Adams, 1842) : synonym of
Curtitoma violacea (Mighels & C. B. Adams, 1842)
Bela woodiana (Møller, 1842) : synonym of
Obesotoma woodiana (Møller, 1842)
Bela yanamii Yokoyama, 1926 : synonym of
Plicifusus yanamii (Yokoyama, 1926)
Bela zonatum (Locard, 1891) :
[35] duplicate of Bela zonata
Nomina dubia
^ Gray J. E. (1847).
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 20 : 270.
^
a
b
c
Bela (gastropod) Gray, 1847 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 18 February 2011.
^
Adams, H. & Adams, A. (1853–1858). The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. London, van Voorst. Vol. 1: xl + 484 pp.; vol. 2: 661 pp.; vol. 3: 138 pls
^
Bela alma Thiele, 1925 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela anna Thiele, 1925 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela bella Barnard, 1958 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela chuni Thiele, 1925 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela cycladensis (Reeve, 1845) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela decussata (Locard, 1897) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela fuscata (Deshayes, 1835) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela menkhorsti van Aartsen, 1988 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela nebula (Montagu, 1803) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela oceanica (Locard, 1897) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela powisiana (Dautzenberg, 1887) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^ Mariottini P., Smriglio C., Di Giulio A. & Oliverio M. (2009). "A new fossil conoidean from the Pliocene of Italy, with comments on the Bela menkhorsti complex (Gastropoda: Conidae)".
Journal of Conchology 40 (1): 5-14.
abstract .
^
Bela zenetouae (van Aartsen, 1988) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela zonata (Locard, 1892) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
a
b
B. Otztürk, Comments on Shells of Mollusca collected from the Seas of Turkey , Turk J Zool, 29, pp. 111-112, 2005
Archived 2010-11-17 at the
Wayback Machine
^
Bela africana Ardovini, 2004 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela alberti (Dautzenberg & Fisher, 1906) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela anderssoni Strebel, 1908 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela ardovinii Mariottini & Oliverio, 2008 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela blaneyi Bush, 1909 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela brachystoma (Philippi, 1844) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela clarae Peñas & Rolán, 2008 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela confusum (Locard, 1897) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela costulata (Risso, 1826) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela exilis Ardovini, 2004 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela fulvicans Strebel, 1908 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela glacialis Thiele, 1912 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela laevigata (Philippi, 1836) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela mingoranceae Martin Perez & Vera-Pelaez, 2006 . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela ornata (Locard, 1891) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela septenvillei (Dautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1913) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela zonatum (Locard, 1891) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela fortis (Reeve, 1844) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela minuta (Reeve, 1844) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
^
Bela turgida (Reeve, 1844) . Retrieved through:
World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca . American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA).
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Howson, C.M.; Picton, B.E. (Ed.) (1997). The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas . Ulster Museum Publication, 276. The Ulster Museum: Belfast, UK.
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Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification . Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
W. Baluk. 2003. Middle Miocene (Badenian) gastropods from Korytnica, Poland; Part IV – Turridae . Acta Geological Polonica 53(1):29-78
Mariottini P., Smriglio C., Di Giulio A. & Oliverio M. 2009. A new fossil conoidean from the Pliocene of Italy, with comments on the Bela menkhorsti complex (Gastropoda: Conidae). Journal of Conchology 40(1): 5-14
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