Azerbaijan portal |
The Republic of Azerbaijan is a member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, NATO's Partnership for Peace, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, the World Health Organization, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; the Council of Europe, CFE Treaty, the Community of Democracies; the International Monetary Fund; and the World Bank.
Azerbaijan maintains diplomatic relations with 185 United Nations member states, the State of Palestine and the Holy See. [1] [2] Azerbaijan does not have diplomatic relations with the following countries:
Azerbaijan also maintains good relations with the European Union, in the framework of its Eastern European Neighbourhood Policy (See Azerbaijan and the European Union).
List of countries which Azerbaijan maintains diplomatic relations with:
# | Country [3] | Date |
---|---|---|
1 | Turkey | 14 January 1992 |
2 | Liechtenstein | 21 January 1992 |
3 | Switzerland | 21 January 1992 |
4 | North Korea | 30 January 1992 |
5 | Ukraine | 6 February 1992 |
6 | Mexico | 10 February 1992 |
7 | Spain | 11 February 1992 |
8 | Austria | 20 February 1992 |
9 | Germany | 20 February 1992 |
10 | France | 21 February 1992 |
11 | Poland | 21 February 1992 |
12 | Saudi Arabia | 24 February 1992 |
13 | Yemen | 25 February 1992 |
14 | Bangladesh | 26 February 1992 |
15 | India | 28 February 1992 [4] |
16 | United States | 28 February 1992 |
17 | Guinea | 11 March 1992 |
18 | Nigeria | 11 March 1992 |
19 | United Kingdom | 11 March 1992 |
20 | Iran | 12 March 1992 |
21 | Libya | 16 March 1992 |
22 | South Korea | 23 March 1992 |
23 | Finland | 24 March 1992 |
24 | Cuba | 27 March 1992 |
25 | Egypt | 27 March 1992 |
26 | Philippines | 27 March 1992 |
27 | Syria | 28 March 1992 |
28 | Iraq | 30 March 1992 |
29 | Netherlands | 1 April 1992 |
30 | China | 2 April 1992 |
31 | Denmark | 2 April 1992 |
32 | Greece | 2 April 1992 [5] |
33 | Russia | 4 April 1992 |
34 | Israel | 7 April 1992 |
â | State of Palestine | 15 April 1992 |
35 | Mongolia | 16 April 1992 |
36 | Estonia | 20 April 1992 |
37 | Hungary | 27 April 1992 |
38 | South Africa | 29 April 1992 |
39 | Sweden | 8 May 1992 |
40 | Italy | 8 May 1992 |
â | Holy See | 23 May 1992 |
41 | Moldova | 29 May 1992 |
42 | Tajikistan | 29 May 1992 |
43 | Luxembourg | 1 June 1992 |
44 | Norway | 5 June 1992 |
45 | Bulgaria | 5 June 1992 |
46 | Portugal | 5 June 1992 |
47 | Pakistan | 9 June 1992 |
48 | Turkmenistan | 9 June 1992 |
49 | Belgium | 17 June 1992 [6] |
50 | Australia | 19 June 1992 |
51 | Romania | 19 June 1992 |
52 | New Zealand | 29 June 1992 |
53 | Thailand | 7 July 1992 |
54 | Canada | 10 July 1992 |
55 | Oman | 13 July 1992 |
56 | Sudan | 25 July 1992 |
57 | Sri Lanka | 4 August 1992 |
58 | Guinea-Bissau | 27 August 1992 |
59 | Morocco | 28 August 1992 |
60 | Kazakhstan | 30 August 1992 |
61 | United Arab Emirates | 1 September 1992 [7] |
62 | Japan | 7 September 1992 |
63 | Ghana | 11 September 1992 |
64 | Vietnam | 23 September 1992 |
65 | Indonesia | 24 September 1992 |
66 | Lebanon | 28 September 1992 |
67 | Brazil | 23 October 1992 |
68 | Ethiopia | 2 November 1992 |
69 | Georgia | 18 November 1992 |
70 | Kyrgyzstan | 19 January 1993 |
71 | Czech Republic | 29 January 1993 |
72 | Jordan | 13 February 1993 |
73 | Malaysia | 5 April 1993 |
74 | Madagascar | 26 May 1993 |
75 | Belarus | 11 June 1993 |
76 | Albania | 23 September 1993 |
77 | Argentina | 8 November 1993 |
78 | Zambia | 18 November 1993 |
79 | Latvia | 11 January 1994 |
80 | Algeria | 22 April 1994 |
81 | Singapore | 15 August 1994 |
82 | Qatar | 14 September 1994 [8] |
83 | Kuwait | 10 October 1994 |
84 | Mauritania | 29 October 1994 |
85 | Guatemala | 1 November 1994 |
86 | Seychelles | 2 November 1994 |
87 | Chile | 3 November 1994 |
88 | Gambia | 11 November 1994 |
89 | Afghanistan | 16 November 1994 |
90 | Nicaragua | 23 November 1994 |
91 | Angola | 1 December 1994 |
92 | Colombia | 12 December 1994 |
93 | Honduras | 22 December 1994 |
94 | Cambodia | 28 December 1994 |
95 | Malta | 9 January 1995 |
96 | Uruguay | 11 January 1995 |
97 | Croatia | 26 January 1995 |
98 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 9 February 1995 |
99 | Cameroon | 24 February 1995 |
100 | Nepal | 28 February 1995 |
101 | Burundi | 2 March 1995 |
102 | Sierra Leone | 13 March 1995 |
103 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 22 March 1995 [9] |
104 | Antigua and Barbuda | 5 April 1995 [10] |
105 | Panama | 6 April 1995 |
106 | Venezuela | 12 May 1995 |
107 | Laos | 22 May 1995 |
108 | Mozambique | 20 June 1995 |
109 | North Macedonia | 28 June 1995 |
110 | Uganda | 19 August 1995 |
111 | Guyana | 1 September 1995 [11] |
112 | Uzbekistan | 2 October 1995 |
113 | Niger | 10 October 1995 |
114 | Lithuania | 20 November 1995 |
115 | Jamaica | 22 November 1995 |
116 | Brunei | 24 November 1995 |
117 | Slovenia | 20 February 1996 |
118 | Senegal | 14 March 1996 |
119 | Andorra | 30 April 1996 |
120 | Liberia | 22 May 1996 |
121 | Peru | 25 June 1996 |
122 | Ireland | 1 July 1996 |
123 | Bolivia | 8 July 1996 |
124 | Mauritius | 19 July 1996 |
125 | Gabon | 1 October 1996 |
126 | Djibouti | 22 October 1996 |
127 | Bahrain | 6 November 1996 [12] |
128 | Ivory Coast | 19 November 1996 |
129 | Slovakia | 23 November 1996 |
130 | Mali | 26 November 1996 |
131 | Costa Rica | 15 January 1997 |
132 | Serbia | 21 August 1997 |
133 | Iceland | 27 February 1998 |
134 | Tunisia | 1 July 1998 |
135 | El Salvador | 23 March 1999 |
136 | Myanmar | 3 August 1999 |
137 | Benin | 14 October 1999 |
138 | Suriname | 11 February 2000 [13] |
139 | San Marino | 19 April 2002 |
140 | Belize | 24 June 2002 [13] |
141 | Haiti | 9 May 2003 [13] |
142 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 23 May 2003 [13] |
143 | Cape Verde | 22 March 2004 |
144 | Ecuador | 22 March 2004 [14] |
145 | Somalia | 22 March 2004 |
146 | East Timor | 5 April 2004 [13] |
147 | Chad | 5 April 2004 |
148 | Eritrea | 20 April 2004 |
149 | Paraguay | 20 April 2004 |
150 | Malawi | 21 May 2004 |
151 | Burkina Faso | 28 May 2004 [15] |
152 | Kenya | 28 May 2004 |
153 | Rwanda | 28 May 2004 |
154 | Equatorial Guinea | 11 November 2004 |
155 | Nauru | 11 November 2004 [13] |
156 | Maldives | 15 June 2006 [13] |
157 | Dominican Republic | 27 November 2007 [16] |
158 | Monaco | 19 December 2007 |
159 | Montenegro | 24 April 2008 |
160 | Zimbabwe | 24 October 2008 |
161 | Tuvalu | 9 September 2009 [13] |
162 | Eswatini | 7 January 2010 |
163 | Comoros | 1 February 2010 [17] |
164 | Marshall Islands | 10 March 2010 [13] |
165 | Saint Lucia | 11 March 2010 [13] |
166 | Fiji | 18 March 2010 |
167 | Grenada | 23 September 2010 [18] |
168 | Togo | 28 December 2010 |
169 | Solomon Islands | 8 February 2011 [13] |
170 | Dominica | 4 March 2011 [19] |
171 | Trinidad and Tobago | 11 April 2011 [20] |
172 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 23 September 2011 |
173 | Lesotho | 28 September 2012 [21] |
174 | South Sudan | 23 October 2012 |
175 | Bhutan | 7 February 2013 |
176 | Bahamas | 2 May 2017 [13] |
177 | Vanuatu | 22 September 2017 [13] |
178 | Samoa | 19 January 2018 [22] |
179 | Palau | 1 February 2018 [13] |
180 | SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe | 25 September 2018 |
181 | Tanzania | 7 February 2019 |
182 | Barbados | 2 August 2019 [13] |
183 | Namibia | 17 October 2019 |
184 | Republic of the Congo | 7 February 2023 [23] |
185 | Papua New Guinea | 5 May 2023 [13] |
Organization | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
European Union | 1996 [24] | See AzerbaijanâEuropean Union relations |
NATO | 1992 [25] | See AzerbaijanâNATO relations |
Turkic States | 2009 [26] | See AzerbaijanâTurkic Council relations |
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Burkina Faso | 31 May 2004 [27] | See AzerbaijanâBurkina Faso relations |
DR Congo | 23 October 2011 [28] | See AzerbaijanâDR Congo relations |
Djibouti | 22 October 1996 [29] | See AzerbaijanâDjibouti relations |
Ethiopia | 2 November 1992 [30] | See
AzerbaijanâEthiopia relations
|
Gambia | 11 November 1994 [31] | See AzerbaijanâGambia relations |
Kenya | 31 May 2004 [27] | See AzerbaijanâKenya relations |
Libya | 16 March 1992 [32] | See AzerbaijanâLibya relations |
Morocco | 25 December 1992 [33] | See
AzerbaijanâMorocco relations
|
Niger | 10 October 1995 [34] | See AzerbaijanâNiger relations |
Senegal | 14 March 1996 [35] | See AzerbaijanâSenegal relations |
South Africa | 29 April 1992 [36] | See
AzerbaijanâSouth Africa relations
|
Tunisia | 1 July 1998 [37] | See AzerbaijanâTunisia relations |
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Argentina | 8 November 1992 [38] | See
ArgentinaâAzerbaijan relations
|
Brazil | 21 October 1993 [41] | See AzerbaijanâBrazil relations |
Canada | 10 July 1992 [44] | See AzerbaijanâCanada relations |
Chile | 11 January 1995 [47] | See
AzerbaijanâChile relations
|
Colombia | 13 December 1994 [48] | See AzerbaijanâColombia relations |
Cuba | 27 March 1992 [50] | See
AzerbaijanâCuba relations
|
Ecuador | 22 March 2004 [51] | See AzerbaijanâEcuador relations |
Mexico | 14 January 1992 [52] | See
AzerbaijanâMexico relations
|
Nicaragua | 10 February 1994 [55] | See
AzerbaijanâNicaragua relations
|
Paraguay | 20 April 2004 [57] | See AzerbaijanâParaguay relations |
Peru | 25 June 1996 [58] | See AzerbaijanâPeru relations |
United States | 1919, 28 February 1992 |
See
AzerbaijanâUnited States relations
On 25 December 1991 President George H. W. Bush announced that the United States recognized the independence of all 12 former Soviet republics, including Azerbaijan. [60]
|
Uruguay | 12 January 1995 [63] | See
AzerbaijanâUruguay relations
|
Venezuela | 12 May 1995 [64] | See
AzerbaijanâVenezuela relations
|
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Armenia | 1918â1921
Armenia and Azerbaijan does not have formal relations since that time |
See
ArmeniaâAzerbaijan relations,
First Nagorno-Karabakh War,
Second Nagorno-Karabakh war
The neighboring nations of Armenia and Azerbaijan have had formal governmental relations between 1918 and 1921, when both countries were briefly independent. The two nations have fought three wars in the 1918â20 (ArmenianâAzerbaijani War), the 1988â94 (Nagorno-Karabakh War), and the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, with the last two ending in ceasefire agreements - the Bishkek Protocol and the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement respectively. There are no formal diplomatic relations between the two countries, because of the ongoing Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and dispute. In 2008, Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev declared, "Nagorno Karabakh will never be independent; the position is backed by international mediators as well; Armenia has to accept the reality," and "in 1918, Yerevan was granted to the Armenians. It was a great mistake. The khanate of Iravan was the Azerbaijani territory, the Armenians were guests here." [65] During the Soviet period, many Armenians and Azerbaijanis lived side by side in peace. However, when Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the policies of Glasnost and Perestroika, the majority of Armenians from the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) of the Azerbaijan SSR began a movement to unify with the Armenian SSR. In 1988, the Armenians of Karabakh voted to secede and join Armenia. This, along with mutual massacres in Azerbaijan and Armenia resulted in the conflict that became known as the Nagorno-Karabakh War. The violence resulted in de facto Armenian control of former NKAO and seven surrounding Azerbaijani regions, which was effectively halted when both sides agrees to observe a cease-fire, which has since been in effect since May 1994, and in late 1995 both also agreed to mediation of the OSCE Minsk Group. The Minsk Group is currently co-chaired by the U.S., France, and Russia and comprises Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and several Western European nations. Despite the cease fire, up to 40 clashes are reported along the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict lines of control each year.[ citation needed] The two countries are still technically at war. Citizens of the Republic of Armenia, as well as citizens of any other country who are of Armenian descent, are forbidden entry to the Republic of Azerbaijan. If a person's passport shows any evidence of travel to Nagorno-Karabakh, they are forbidden entry to the Republic of Azerbaijan. [66] In 2008, in what became known as the 2008 Mardakert Skirmishes, Armenia and Azerbaijan clashed over Nagorno-Karabakh. The fighting between the two sides was brief, with few casualties on either side. [67] As of July 2020, the new round of military escalation along the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan continued, thus making it one of the most explosive regions in Eurasia. [68] On 27 September 2020, a new military conflict emerged between Azerbaijan and Armenia. [69] The following day, on 28 September 2020, Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev signed a decree declaring a partial military mobilisation following clashes with Armenian forces over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. [70] An armistice agreement between the two countries was signed on 10 November 2020, returning control of the territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh to Azerbaijan. |
Bahrain | 6 November 1996 [71] | See
AzerbaijanâBahrain relations
|
Bangladesh | 30 December 1991 [72] | See
AzerbaijanâBangladesh relations
|
China | 2 April 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâChina relations
|
India | 28 February 1992 | See Azerbaijan-India relations |
Indonesia | 24 September 1992 | See
Azerbaijan-Indonesia relations
|
Iran | 1918, 12 March 1992 |
See
AzerbaijanâIran relations
|
Iraq | 2 January 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâIraq relations
|
Israel | 7 April 1992 | See AzerbaijanâIsrael relations |
Japan | 7 September 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâJapan relations
|
Jordan | 13 February 1993 [79] [80] | See AzerbaijanâJordan relations |
Kazakhstan | 27 August 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâKazakhstan relations
|
Kuwait | 10 October 1994 [81] | See
AzerbaijanâKuwait relations
|
Kyrgyzstan | 19 January 1993 | See
Azerbaijan-Kyrgyzstan relations
|
Laos | 22 May 1995 | See AzerbaijanâLaos relations |
Lebanon | 18 September 1992 [82] | See
AzerbaijanâLebanon relations
|
Malaysia | 31 December 1991 | See
AzerbaijanâMalaysia relations
|
Qatar | 14 September 1994 | See
AzerbaijanâQatar relations
|
Pakistan | 9 June 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâPakistan relations
|
Palestine | 15 April 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâPalestine relations
|
Philippines | 27 March 1992 [88] | See AzerbaijanâPhilippines relations |
Saudi Arabia | 24 February 1992 [89] | See
AzerbaijanâSaudi Arabia relations
|
South Korea | 23 March 1992 | See AzerbaijanâSouth Korea relations |
Sri Lanka | 12 February 1992 [93] | See
AzerbaijanâSri Lanka relations
|
Syria | 28 March 1992 [94] | See
AzerbaijanâSyria relations
Syria is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |
Tajikistan | 29 May 1992 [95] | See
AzerbaijanâTajikistan relations
|
Thailand | 7 July 1992 [96] | See
AzerbaijanâThailand relations
|
Turkey | 14 Jan. 1992 [97] | See
AzerbaijanâTurkey relations
|
Turkmenistan | 9 June 1992 [99] | See
AzerbaijanâTurkmenistan relations
|
United Arab Emirates | 1 September 1992 [101] | See
AzerbaijanâUnited Arab Emirates relations
|
Uzbekistan | 2 October 1995 [102] | See
AzerbaijanâUzbekistan relations
|
Vietnam | 23 September 1992 [103] | See AzerbaijanâVietnam relations |
Yemen | 25 February 1992 [104] | See
AzerbaijanâYemen relations
|
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Albania | 23 September 1992 [105] | See
AlbaniaâAzerbaijan relations
|
Austria | 20 February 1992 | See
AustriaâAzerbaijan relations
|
Belarus | 11 June 1993 | See
AzerbaijanâBelarus relations
|
Belgium | 17 June 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâBelgium relations
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 19 February 1995 [110] | See
AzerbaijanâBosnia and Herzegovina relations
|
Bulgaria | 5 June 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâBulgaria relations
|
Croatia | 26 January 1995 | See
AzerbaijanâCroatia relations
|
Cyprus | Azerbaijan formally recognizes the government of the Republic of Cyprus as the sole representative of the island, but has not yet established diplomatic relations with Cyprus. The parliament of Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic issued a resolution recognizing the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus as a sovereign state. While this recognition is not regarded by Azerbaijan and internationally as 'official state-to-state', Azerbaijan itself maintained cordial unofficial relations with the TRNC. In 2004, Azerbaijan threatened to formally recognize the TRNC if the Annan Plan was voted down by the Greek Cypriots (who rejected the plan in one of twin referendums held 24 April 2004 in both the Greek and Turkish zones simultaneously), but backed off the threat when it was pointed out by Cyprus that doing so would be hypocritical, as a portion of its territory just like that of Cyprus itself is under occupation and would probably result in negative impact on its ongoing dispute with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh. [115] | |
Czech Republic | 29 January 1993 | See
AzerbaijanâCzech Republic relations
|
Denmark | 2 April 1992 [117] | See
Azerbaijan-Denmark relations
|
Estonia | 20 April 1992 | See Azerbaijan-Estonia relations |
Finland | 24 March 1992 | |
France | 21 February 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâFrance relations
|
Georgia | 1918, 18 November 1992 |
See
AzerbaijanâGeorgia relations
|
Germany | 20 February 1992 [122] | See
AzerbaijanâGermany relations
|
Greece | 2 April 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâGreece relations
|
Holy See | 23 May 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâHoly See relations
|
Hungary | 27 April 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâHungary relations
|
Iceland | 27 February 1998 [128] | See AzerbaijanâIceland relations |
Ireland | 1 July 1996 | See AzerbaijanâIreland relations |
Italy | 8 May 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâItaly relations
|
Kosovo | See AzerbaijanâKosovo relations | |
Latvia | 11 January 1994 | See
AzerbaijanâLatvia relations
|
Liechtenstein | 21 January 1992 [133] | See AzerbaijanâLiechtenstein relations |
Lithuania | 27 November 1995 | See
AzerbaijanâLithuania relations
|
Moldova | 21 December 1991 [134] | See
AzerbaijanâMoldova relations
|
Monaco | 19 December 2007 [135] | See AzerbaijanâMonaco relations |
Montenegro | 24 April 2008 | See
AzerbaijanâMontenegro relations
Azerbaijan recognized the independence of Montenegro on 24 July 2006. On 24 April 2008, diplomatic relations between these two countries were established. |
Netherlands | 1 April 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâNetherlands relations
|
North Macedonia | 28 June 1995 [138] | See
AzerbaijanâNorth Macedonia relations
|
Poland | 21 February 1992 | See
Azerbaijan-Poland relations
|
Portugal | 5 June 1992 [139] | See
AzerbaijanâPortugal relations
|
Romania | 21 June 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâRomania relations
|
Russia | 4 April 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâRussia relations
|
San Marino | 19 April 2002 [141] | See
AzerbaijanâSan Marino relations
|
Serbia | 21 August 1997 | See AzerbaijanâSerbia relations |
Slovakia | 23 November 1993 [142] | See
AzerbaijanâSlovakia relations
|
Slovenia | 20 February 1996 [143] | See
AzerbaijanâSlovenia relations
|
Spain | 11 February 1992 [144] | See
AzerbaijanâSpain relations
|
Sweden | 8 May 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâSweden relations
|
Switzerland | 21 January 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâSwitzerland relations
|
Ukraine | 1919, 6 February 1992 |
See
AzerbaijanâUkraine relations
|
United Kingdom | 1918, 11 March 1992 |
See
Azerbaijan â United Kingdom relations
|
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Australia | 19 June 1992 [154] | See
AustraliaâAzerbaijan relations
|
New Zealand | 29 June 1992 [155] | See
AzerbaijanâNew Zealand relations
|
AsDB BSEC CE CIS EAPC EBRD ECE ECO ESCAP FAO GUAM IAEA IBRD ICAO ICRM IDA IDB IFAD IFC IFRCS ILO IMF IMO Interpol IOC, IOM ISO (correspondent) ITU ITUC OAS (observer) OIC OPCW OSCE PFP United Nations UNCTAD UNESCO UNIDO UPU WCO WFTU WHO WIPO WMO WToO WTO(observer)
The frozen conflict over currently largely Armenian-populated region of Nagorno-Karabakh within the Republic of Azerbaijan began when in 1988 the Armenian majority of Nagorno-Karabakh demanded autonomy with demonstrations and persecutions against ethnic Azeris following in Armenia. This led to anti-Armenian rioting in Azerbaijan, with Azerbaijani militias beginning their effort to expel Armenians from the enclave. In 1992, a war broke out and pogroms of Armenians and Azeris forced both groups to flee their homes. In 1994, a Russian-brokered ceasefire ended the war but more than 1 million ethnic Armenians and Azeris are still not able to return. In 2023, an Azerbaijani offensive into Nagorno-Karabakh ended the conflict, with the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh conceding sovereignty to the government of Azerbaijan on January 1, 2024.
The European Stability Initiative (ESI) has revealed in a report from 2012 with the title " Caviar diplomacy: How Azerbaijan silenced the Council of Europe", that since Azerbaijan's entry into the Council of Europe, each year 30 to 40 deputies are invited to Azerbaijan and generously paid with expensive gifts, including caviar (worth up to 1,400 euro), silk carpets, gold, silver and large amounts of money. [156] [157] In return they become lobbyists for Azerbaijan. This practice has been widely referred to as "Caviar diplomacy". [158]
ESI also published a report on 2013 Presidential elections in Azerbaijan titled "Disgraced: Azerbaijan and the end of election monitoring as we know it". The report revealed the ties between Azerbaijani government and the members of certain observation missions who praised the elections. [159] Azerbaijan's "Caviar diplomacy" at 2013 presidential elections sparked a major international scandal, as the reports of two authoritative organizations Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe/ European Parliament and OSCE/ODIHR completely contradicted one another in their assessments of elections. [160] [161] [162] [163]
Non-governmental anti-corruption organization Transparency International has regularly judged Azerbaijan to be one of the most corrupt countries in the world [163] [164] and has also criticized Azerbaijan for the "Caviar diplomacy". [158] [165]
At June 2016 the public prosecutor of Milan has accused the former leader of the (Christian) Union of the center and of the European People's Party of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Luca Volonte of accepting large bribes from representatives of the Azerbaijani government. [166] Two people with high-level experience of the Council of Europe's parliamentary assembly (Pace) have told the Guardian they believe its members have been offered bribes for votes by Azerbaijan. Former Azerbaijani diplomat, Arif Mammadov, alleged that a member of Azerbaijan's delegation at the Council of Europe had âŹ30m (ÂŁ25m) to spend on lobbying its institutions, including the Council of Europe assembly. [167] PACE ratified the terms of reference of an independent external investigation body to carry out a detailed independent inquiry into the allegations of corruption at the council involving Azerbaijan. [168]
On 6 March 2017, ESISC (European Strategic Intelligence and Security Center) published a scandalous report called "The Armenian Connection" where it veraciously attacked human rights NGOs and research organisations criticising human rights violations and corruption in Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Russia. [169]
ESISC in that report asserted that "Caviar diplomacy" report elaborated by ESI aimed to create climate of suspicion based on slander to form a network of MPs that would engage in a political war against Azerbaijan. [170] In the Second Chapter of the report called "The Armenian Connection: «Mr X», Nils MuiĆŸnieks, Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights" that was published on 18 April 2017 ESISC asserted that the network composed of European PMs, Armenian officials and some NGOs: Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, "Human Rights House Foundation", "Open Dialog", European Stability Initiative, and Helsinki Committee for Human Rights, was financed by the Soros Foundation. According to ESISC the key figure of the network since 2012 has been Nils MuiĆŸnieks, Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe and the network has served to the interests of George Soros and the Republic of Armenia. [171] "The report is written in the worst traditions of authoritarian propaganda, makes absurd claims, and is clearly aimed at deflecting the wave of criticism against cover-up of unethical lobbying and corruption in PACE and demands for change in the Assembly", said Freedom Files Analytical Centre. [169]
According Robert Coalson (Radio Free Europe), ESISC is a part of Baku's lobbying efforts to extend to the use of front think tanks to shift public opinion. [172]
European Stability Initiative said that "ESISC report is full of lies (such as claiming that German PACE member Strasser holds pro-Armenian views and citing as evidence that he went to Yerevan in 2015 to commemorate the Armenian genocide, when Strasser has never in his life been to independent Armenia)". [173]
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Azerbaijan portal |
The Republic of Azerbaijan is a member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, NATO's Partnership for Peace, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, the World Health Organization, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; the Council of Europe, CFE Treaty, the Community of Democracies; the International Monetary Fund; and the World Bank.
Azerbaijan maintains diplomatic relations with 185 United Nations member states, the State of Palestine and the Holy See. [1] [2] Azerbaijan does not have diplomatic relations with the following countries:
Azerbaijan also maintains good relations with the European Union, in the framework of its Eastern European Neighbourhood Policy (See Azerbaijan and the European Union).
List of countries which Azerbaijan maintains diplomatic relations with:
# | Country [3] | Date |
---|---|---|
1 | Turkey | 14 January 1992 |
2 | Liechtenstein | 21 January 1992 |
3 | Switzerland | 21 January 1992 |
4 | North Korea | 30 January 1992 |
5 | Ukraine | 6 February 1992 |
6 | Mexico | 10 February 1992 |
7 | Spain | 11 February 1992 |
8 | Austria | 20 February 1992 |
9 | Germany | 20 February 1992 |
10 | France | 21 February 1992 |
11 | Poland | 21 February 1992 |
12 | Saudi Arabia | 24 February 1992 |
13 | Yemen | 25 February 1992 |
14 | Bangladesh | 26 February 1992 |
15 | India | 28 February 1992 [4] |
16 | United States | 28 February 1992 |
17 | Guinea | 11 March 1992 |
18 | Nigeria | 11 March 1992 |
19 | United Kingdom | 11 March 1992 |
20 | Iran | 12 March 1992 |
21 | Libya | 16 March 1992 |
22 | South Korea | 23 March 1992 |
23 | Finland | 24 March 1992 |
24 | Cuba | 27 March 1992 |
25 | Egypt | 27 March 1992 |
26 | Philippines | 27 March 1992 |
27 | Syria | 28 March 1992 |
28 | Iraq | 30 March 1992 |
29 | Netherlands | 1 April 1992 |
30 | China | 2 April 1992 |
31 | Denmark | 2 April 1992 |
32 | Greece | 2 April 1992 [5] |
33 | Russia | 4 April 1992 |
34 | Israel | 7 April 1992 |
â | State of Palestine | 15 April 1992 |
35 | Mongolia | 16 April 1992 |
36 | Estonia | 20 April 1992 |
37 | Hungary | 27 April 1992 |
38 | South Africa | 29 April 1992 |
39 | Sweden | 8 May 1992 |
40 | Italy | 8 May 1992 |
â | Holy See | 23 May 1992 |
41 | Moldova | 29 May 1992 |
42 | Tajikistan | 29 May 1992 |
43 | Luxembourg | 1 June 1992 |
44 | Norway | 5 June 1992 |
45 | Bulgaria | 5 June 1992 |
46 | Portugal | 5 June 1992 |
47 | Pakistan | 9 June 1992 |
48 | Turkmenistan | 9 June 1992 |
49 | Belgium | 17 June 1992 [6] |
50 | Australia | 19 June 1992 |
51 | Romania | 19 June 1992 |
52 | New Zealand | 29 June 1992 |
53 | Thailand | 7 July 1992 |
54 | Canada | 10 July 1992 |
55 | Oman | 13 July 1992 |
56 | Sudan | 25 July 1992 |
57 | Sri Lanka | 4 August 1992 |
58 | Guinea-Bissau | 27 August 1992 |
59 | Morocco | 28 August 1992 |
60 | Kazakhstan | 30 August 1992 |
61 | United Arab Emirates | 1 September 1992 [7] |
62 | Japan | 7 September 1992 |
63 | Ghana | 11 September 1992 |
64 | Vietnam | 23 September 1992 |
65 | Indonesia | 24 September 1992 |
66 | Lebanon | 28 September 1992 |
67 | Brazil | 23 October 1992 |
68 | Ethiopia | 2 November 1992 |
69 | Georgia | 18 November 1992 |
70 | Kyrgyzstan | 19 January 1993 |
71 | Czech Republic | 29 January 1993 |
72 | Jordan | 13 February 1993 |
73 | Malaysia | 5 April 1993 |
74 | Madagascar | 26 May 1993 |
75 | Belarus | 11 June 1993 |
76 | Albania | 23 September 1993 |
77 | Argentina | 8 November 1993 |
78 | Zambia | 18 November 1993 |
79 | Latvia | 11 January 1994 |
80 | Algeria | 22 April 1994 |
81 | Singapore | 15 August 1994 |
82 | Qatar | 14 September 1994 [8] |
83 | Kuwait | 10 October 1994 |
84 | Mauritania | 29 October 1994 |
85 | Guatemala | 1 November 1994 |
86 | Seychelles | 2 November 1994 |
87 | Chile | 3 November 1994 |
88 | Gambia | 11 November 1994 |
89 | Afghanistan | 16 November 1994 |
90 | Nicaragua | 23 November 1994 |
91 | Angola | 1 December 1994 |
92 | Colombia | 12 December 1994 |
93 | Honduras | 22 December 1994 |
94 | Cambodia | 28 December 1994 |
95 | Malta | 9 January 1995 |
96 | Uruguay | 11 January 1995 |
97 | Croatia | 26 January 1995 |
98 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 9 February 1995 |
99 | Cameroon | 24 February 1995 |
100 | Nepal | 28 February 1995 |
101 | Burundi | 2 March 1995 |
102 | Sierra Leone | 13 March 1995 |
103 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 22 March 1995 [9] |
104 | Antigua and Barbuda | 5 April 1995 [10] |
105 | Panama | 6 April 1995 |
106 | Venezuela | 12 May 1995 |
107 | Laos | 22 May 1995 |
108 | Mozambique | 20 June 1995 |
109 | North Macedonia | 28 June 1995 |
110 | Uganda | 19 August 1995 |
111 | Guyana | 1 September 1995 [11] |
112 | Uzbekistan | 2 October 1995 |
113 | Niger | 10 October 1995 |
114 | Lithuania | 20 November 1995 |
115 | Jamaica | 22 November 1995 |
116 | Brunei | 24 November 1995 |
117 | Slovenia | 20 February 1996 |
118 | Senegal | 14 March 1996 |
119 | Andorra | 30 April 1996 |
120 | Liberia | 22 May 1996 |
121 | Peru | 25 June 1996 |
122 | Ireland | 1 July 1996 |
123 | Bolivia | 8 July 1996 |
124 | Mauritius | 19 July 1996 |
125 | Gabon | 1 October 1996 |
126 | Djibouti | 22 October 1996 |
127 | Bahrain | 6 November 1996 [12] |
128 | Ivory Coast | 19 November 1996 |
129 | Slovakia | 23 November 1996 |
130 | Mali | 26 November 1996 |
131 | Costa Rica | 15 January 1997 |
132 | Serbia | 21 August 1997 |
133 | Iceland | 27 February 1998 |
134 | Tunisia | 1 July 1998 |
135 | El Salvador | 23 March 1999 |
136 | Myanmar | 3 August 1999 |
137 | Benin | 14 October 1999 |
138 | Suriname | 11 February 2000 [13] |
139 | San Marino | 19 April 2002 |
140 | Belize | 24 June 2002 [13] |
141 | Haiti | 9 May 2003 [13] |
142 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 23 May 2003 [13] |
143 | Cape Verde | 22 March 2004 |
144 | Ecuador | 22 March 2004 [14] |
145 | Somalia | 22 March 2004 |
146 | East Timor | 5 April 2004 [13] |
147 | Chad | 5 April 2004 |
148 | Eritrea | 20 April 2004 |
149 | Paraguay | 20 April 2004 |
150 | Malawi | 21 May 2004 |
151 | Burkina Faso | 28 May 2004 [15] |
152 | Kenya | 28 May 2004 |
153 | Rwanda | 28 May 2004 |
154 | Equatorial Guinea | 11 November 2004 |
155 | Nauru | 11 November 2004 [13] |
156 | Maldives | 15 June 2006 [13] |
157 | Dominican Republic | 27 November 2007 [16] |
158 | Monaco | 19 December 2007 |
159 | Montenegro | 24 April 2008 |
160 | Zimbabwe | 24 October 2008 |
161 | Tuvalu | 9 September 2009 [13] |
162 | Eswatini | 7 January 2010 |
163 | Comoros | 1 February 2010 [17] |
164 | Marshall Islands | 10 March 2010 [13] |
165 | Saint Lucia | 11 March 2010 [13] |
166 | Fiji | 18 March 2010 |
167 | Grenada | 23 September 2010 [18] |
168 | Togo | 28 December 2010 |
169 | Solomon Islands | 8 February 2011 [13] |
170 | Dominica | 4 March 2011 [19] |
171 | Trinidad and Tobago | 11 April 2011 [20] |
172 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 23 September 2011 |
173 | Lesotho | 28 September 2012 [21] |
174 | South Sudan | 23 October 2012 |
175 | Bhutan | 7 February 2013 |
176 | Bahamas | 2 May 2017 [13] |
177 | Vanuatu | 22 September 2017 [13] |
178 | Samoa | 19 January 2018 [22] |
179 | Palau | 1 February 2018 [13] |
180 | SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe | 25 September 2018 |
181 | Tanzania | 7 February 2019 |
182 | Barbados | 2 August 2019 [13] |
183 | Namibia | 17 October 2019 |
184 | Republic of the Congo | 7 February 2023 [23] |
185 | Papua New Guinea | 5 May 2023 [13] |
Organization | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
European Union | 1996 [24] | See AzerbaijanâEuropean Union relations |
NATO | 1992 [25] | See AzerbaijanâNATO relations |
Turkic States | 2009 [26] | See AzerbaijanâTurkic Council relations |
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Burkina Faso | 31 May 2004 [27] | See AzerbaijanâBurkina Faso relations |
DR Congo | 23 October 2011 [28] | See AzerbaijanâDR Congo relations |
Djibouti | 22 October 1996 [29] | See AzerbaijanâDjibouti relations |
Ethiopia | 2 November 1992 [30] | See
AzerbaijanâEthiopia relations
|
Gambia | 11 November 1994 [31] | See AzerbaijanâGambia relations |
Kenya | 31 May 2004 [27] | See AzerbaijanâKenya relations |
Libya | 16 March 1992 [32] | See AzerbaijanâLibya relations |
Morocco | 25 December 1992 [33] | See
AzerbaijanâMorocco relations
|
Niger | 10 October 1995 [34] | See AzerbaijanâNiger relations |
Senegal | 14 March 1996 [35] | See AzerbaijanâSenegal relations |
South Africa | 29 April 1992 [36] | See
AzerbaijanâSouth Africa relations
|
Tunisia | 1 July 1998 [37] | See AzerbaijanâTunisia relations |
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Argentina | 8 November 1992 [38] | See
ArgentinaâAzerbaijan relations
|
Brazil | 21 October 1993 [41] | See AzerbaijanâBrazil relations |
Canada | 10 July 1992 [44] | See AzerbaijanâCanada relations |
Chile | 11 January 1995 [47] | See
AzerbaijanâChile relations
|
Colombia | 13 December 1994 [48] | See AzerbaijanâColombia relations |
Cuba | 27 March 1992 [50] | See
AzerbaijanâCuba relations
|
Ecuador | 22 March 2004 [51] | See AzerbaijanâEcuador relations |
Mexico | 14 January 1992 [52] | See
AzerbaijanâMexico relations
|
Nicaragua | 10 February 1994 [55] | See
AzerbaijanâNicaragua relations
|
Paraguay | 20 April 2004 [57] | See AzerbaijanâParaguay relations |
Peru | 25 June 1996 [58] | See AzerbaijanâPeru relations |
United States | 1919, 28 February 1992 |
See
AzerbaijanâUnited States relations
On 25 December 1991 President George H. W. Bush announced that the United States recognized the independence of all 12 former Soviet republics, including Azerbaijan. [60]
|
Uruguay | 12 January 1995 [63] | See
AzerbaijanâUruguay relations
|
Venezuela | 12 May 1995 [64] | See
AzerbaijanâVenezuela relations
|
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Armenia | 1918â1921
Armenia and Azerbaijan does not have formal relations since that time |
See
ArmeniaâAzerbaijan relations,
First Nagorno-Karabakh War,
Second Nagorno-Karabakh war
The neighboring nations of Armenia and Azerbaijan have had formal governmental relations between 1918 and 1921, when both countries were briefly independent. The two nations have fought three wars in the 1918â20 (ArmenianâAzerbaijani War), the 1988â94 (Nagorno-Karabakh War), and the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, with the last two ending in ceasefire agreements - the Bishkek Protocol and the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement respectively. There are no formal diplomatic relations between the two countries, because of the ongoing Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and dispute. In 2008, Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev declared, "Nagorno Karabakh will never be independent; the position is backed by international mediators as well; Armenia has to accept the reality," and "in 1918, Yerevan was granted to the Armenians. It was a great mistake. The khanate of Iravan was the Azerbaijani territory, the Armenians were guests here." [65] During the Soviet period, many Armenians and Azerbaijanis lived side by side in peace. However, when Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the policies of Glasnost and Perestroika, the majority of Armenians from the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) of the Azerbaijan SSR began a movement to unify with the Armenian SSR. In 1988, the Armenians of Karabakh voted to secede and join Armenia. This, along with mutual massacres in Azerbaijan and Armenia resulted in the conflict that became known as the Nagorno-Karabakh War. The violence resulted in de facto Armenian control of former NKAO and seven surrounding Azerbaijani regions, which was effectively halted when both sides agrees to observe a cease-fire, which has since been in effect since May 1994, and in late 1995 both also agreed to mediation of the OSCE Minsk Group. The Minsk Group is currently co-chaired by the U.S., France, and Russia and comprises Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and several Western European nations. Despite the cease fire, up to 40 clashes are reported along the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict lines of control each year.[ citation needed] The two countries are still technically at war. Citizens of the Republic of Armenia, as well as citizens of any other country who are of Armenian descent, are forbidden entry to the Republic of Azerbaijan. If a person's passport shows any evidence of travel to Nagorno-Karabakh, they are forbidden entry to the Republic of Azerbaijan. [66] In 2008, in what became known as the 2008 Mardakert Skirmishes, Armenia and Azerbaijan clashed over Nagorno-Karabakh. The fighting between the two sides was brief, with few casualties on either side. [67] As of July 2020, the new round of military escalation along the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan continued, thus making it one of the most explosive regions in Eurasia. [68] On 27 September 2020, a new military conflict emerged between Azerbaijan and Armenia. [69] The following day, on 28 September 2020, Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev signed a decree declaring a partial military mobilisation following clashes with Armenian forces over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. [70] An armistice agreement between the two countries was signed on 10 November 2020, returning control of the territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh to Azerbaijan. |
Bahrain | 6 November 1996 [71] | See
AzerbaijanâBahrain relations
|
Bangladesh | 30 December 1991 [72] | See
AzerbaijanâBangladesh relations
|
China | 2 April 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâChina relations
|
India | 28 February 1992 | See Azerbaijan-India relations |
Indonesia | 24 September 1992 | See
Azerbaijan-Indonesia relations
|
Iran | 1918, 12 March 1992 |
See
AzerbaijanâIran relations
|
Iraq | 2 January 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâIraq relations
|
Israel | 7 April 1992 | See AzerbaijanâIsrael relations |
Japan | 7 September 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâJapan relations
|
Jordan | 13 February 1993 [79] [80] | See AzerbaijanâJordan relations |
Kazakhstan | 27 August 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâKazakhstan relations
|
Kuwait | 10 October 1994 [81] | See
AzerbaijanâKuwait relations
|
Kyrgyzstan | 19 January 1993 | See
Azerbaijan-Kyrgyzstan relations
|
Laos | 22 May 1995 | See AzerbaijanâLaos relations |
Lebanon | 18 September 1992 [82] | See
AzerbaijanâLebanon relations
|
Malaysia | 31 December 1991 | See
AzerbaijanâMalaysia relations
|
Qatar | 14 September 1994 | See
AzerbaijanâQatar relations
|
Pakistan | 9 June 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâPakistan relations
|
Palestine | 15 April 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâPalestine relations
|
Philippines | 27 March 1992 [88] | See AzerbaijanâPhilippines relations |
Saudi Arabia | 24 February 1992 [89] | See
AzerbaijanâSaudi Arabia relations
|
South Korea | 23 March 1992 | See AzerbaijanâSouth Korea relations |
Sri Lanka | 12 February 1992 [93] | See
AzerbaijanâSri Lanka relations
|
Syria | 28 March 1992 [94] | See
AzerbaijanâSyria relations
Syria is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |
Tajikistan | 29 May 1992 [95] | See
AzerbaijanâTajikistan relations
|
Thailand | 7 July 1992 [96] | See
AzerbaijanâThailand relations
|
Turkey | 14 Jan. 1992 [97] | See
AzerbaijanâTurkey relations
|
Turkmenistan | 9 June 1992 [99] | See
AzerbaijanâTurkmenistan relations
|
United Arab Emirates | 1 September 1992 [101] | See
AzerbaijanâUnited Arab Emirates relations
|
Uzbekistan | 2 October 1995 [102] | See
AzerbaijanâUzbekistan relations
|
Vietnam | 23 September 1992 [103] | See AzerbaijanâVietnam relations |
Yemen | 25 February 1992 [104] | See
AzerbaijanâYemen relations
|
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Albania | 23 September 1992 [105] | See
AlbaniaâAzerbaijan relations
|
Austria | 20 February 1992 | See
AustriaâAzerbaijan relations
|
Belarus | 11 June 1993 | See
AzerbaijanâBelarus relations
|
Belgium | 17 June 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâBelgium relations
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 19 February 1995 [110] | See
AzerbaijanâBosnia and Herzegovina relations
|
Bulgaria | 5 June 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâBulgaria relations
|
Croatia | 26 January 1995 | See
AzerbaijanâCroatia relations
|
Cyprus | Azerbaijan formally recognizes the government of the Republic of Cyprus as the sole representative of the island, but has not yet established diplomatic relations with Cyprus. The parliament of Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic issued a resolution recognizing the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus as a sovereign state. While this recognition is not regarded by Azerbaijan and internationally as 'official state-to-state', Azerbaijan itself maintained cordial unofficial relations with the TRNC. In 2004, Azerbaijan threatened to formally recognize the TRNC if the Annan Plan was voted down by the Greek Cypriots (who rejected the plan in one of twin referendums held 24 April 2004 in both the Greek and Turkish zones simultaneously), but backed off the threat when it was pointed out by Cyprus that doing so would be hypocritical, as a portion of its territory just like that of Cyprus itself is under occupation and would probably result in negative impact on its ongoing dispute with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh. [115] | |
Czech Republic | 29 January 1993 | See
AzerbaijanâCzech Republic relations
|
Denmark | 2 April 1992 [117] | See
Azerbaijan-Denmark relations
|
Estonia | 20 April 1992 | See Azerbaijan-Estonia relations |
Finland | 24 March 1992 | |
France | 21 February 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâFrance relations
|
Georgia | 1918, 18 November 1992 |
See
AzerbaijanâGeorgia relations
|
Germany | 20 February 1992 [122] | See
AzerbaijanâGermany relations
|
Greece | 2 April 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâGreece relations
|
Holy See | 23 May 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâHoly See relations
|
Hungary | 27 April 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâHungary relations
|
Iceland | 27 February 1998 [128] | See AzerbaijanâIceland relations |
Ireland | 1 July 1996 | See AzerbaijanâIreland relations |
Italy | 8 May 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâItaly relations
|
Kosovo | See AzerbaijanâKosovo relations | |
Latvia | 11 January 1994 | See
AzerbaijanâLatvia relations
|
Liechtenstein | 21 January 1992 [133] | See AzerbaijanâLiechtenstein relations |
Lithuania | 27 November 1995 | See
AzerbaijanâLithuania relations
|
Moldova | 21 December 1991 [134] | See
AzerbaijanâMoldova relations
|
Monaco | 19 December 2007 [135] | See AzerbaijanâMonaco relations |
Montenegro | 24 April 2008 | See
AzerbaijanâMontenegro relations
Azerbaijan recognized the independence of Montenegro on 24 July 2006. On 24 April 2008, diplomatic relations between these two countries were established. |
Netherlands | 1 April 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâNetherlands relations
|
North Macedonia | 28 June 1995 [138] | See
AzerbaijanâNorth Macedonia relations
|
Poland | 21 February 1992 | See
Azerbaijan-Poland relations
|
Portugal | 5 June 1992 [139] | See
AzerbaijanâPortugal relations
|
Romania | 21 June 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâRomania relations
|
Russia | 4 April 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâRussia relations
|
San Marino | 19 April 2002 [141] | See
AzerbaijanâSan Marino relations
|
Serbia | 21 August 1997 | See AzerbaijanâSerbia relations |
Slovakia | 23 November 1993 [142] | See
AzerbaijanâSlovakia relations
|
Slovenia | 20 February 1996 [143] | See
AzerbaijanâSlovenia relations
|
Spain | 11 February 1992 [144] | See
AzerbaijanâSpain relations
|
Sweden | 8 May 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâSweden relations
|
Switzerland | 21 January 1992 | See
AzerbaijanâSwitzerland relations
|
Ukraine | 1919, 6 February 1992 |
See
AzerbaijanâUkraine relations
|
United Kingdom | 1918, 11 March 1992 |
See
Azerbaijan â United Kingdom relations
|
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Australia | 19 June 1992 [154] | See
AustraliaâAzerbaijan relations
|
New Zealand | 29 June 1992 [155] | See
AzerbaijanâNew Zealand relations
|
AsDB BSEC CE CIS EAPC EBRD ECE ECO ESCAP FAO GUAM IAEA IBRD ICAO ICRM IDA IDB IFAD IFC IFRCS ILO IMF IMO Interpol IOC, IOM ISO (correspondent) ITU ITUC OAS (observer) OIC OPCW OSCE PFP United Nations UNCTAD UNESCO UNIDO UPU WCO WFTU WHO WIPO WMO WToO WTO(observer)
The frozen conflict over currently largely Armenian-populated region of Nagorno-Karabakh within the Republic of Azerbaijan began when in 1988 the Armenian majority of Nagorno-Karabakh demanded autonomy with demonstrations and persecutions against ethnic Azeris following in Armenia. This led to anti-Armenian rioting in Azerbaijan, with Azerbaijani militias beginning their effort to expel Armenians from the enclave. In 1992, a war broke out and pogroms of Armenians and Azeris forced both groups to flee their homes. In 1994, a Russian-brokered ceasefire ended the war but more than 1 million ethnic Armenians and Azeris are still not able to return. In 2023, an Azerbaijani offensive into Nagorno-Karabakh ended the conflict, with the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh conceding sovereignty to the government of Azerbaijan on January 1, 2024.
The European Stability Initiative (ESI) has revealed in a report from 2012 with the title " Caviar diplomacy: How Azerbaijan silenced the Council of Europe", that since Azerbaijan's entry into the Council of Europe, each year 30 to 40 deputies are invited to Azerbaijan and generously paid with expensive gifts, including caviar (worth up to 1,400 euro), silk carpets, gold, silver and large amounts of money. [156] [157] In return they become lobbyists for Azerbaijan. This practice has been widely referred to as "Caviar diplomacy". [158]
ESI also published a report on 2013 Presidential elections in Azerbaijan titled "Disgraced: Azerbaijan and the end of election monitoring as we know it". The report revealed the ties between Azerbaijani government and the members of certain observation missions who praised the elections. [159] Azerbaijan's "Caviar diplomacy" at 2013 presidential elections sparked a major international scandal, as the reports of two authoritative organizations Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe/ European Parliament and OSCE/ODIHR completely contradicted one another in their assessments of elections. [160] [161] [162] [163]
Non-governmental anti-corruption organization Transparency International has regularly judged Azerbaijan to be one of the most corrupt countries in the world [163] [164] and has also criticized Azerbaijan for the "Caviar diplomacy". [158] [165]
At June 2016 the public prosecutor of Milan has accused the former leader of the (Christian) Union of the center and of the European People's Party of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Luca Volonte of accepting large bribes from representatives of the Azerbaijani government. [166] Two people with high-level experience of the Council of Europe's parliamentary assembly (Pace) have told the Guardian they believe its members have been offered bribes for votes by Azerbaijan. Former Azerbaijani diplomat, Arif Mammadov, alleged that a member of Azerbaijan's delegation at the Council of Europe had âŹ30m (ÂŁ25m) to spend on lobbying its institutions, including the Council of Europe assembly. [167] PACE ratified the terms of reference of an independent external investigation body to carry out a detailed independent inquiry into the allegations of corruption at the council involving Azerbaijan. [168]
On 6 March 2017, ESISC (European Strategic Intelligence and Security Center) published a scandalous report called "The Armenian Connection" where it veraciously attacked human rights NGOs and research organisations criticising human rights violations and corruption in Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Russia. [169]
ESISC in that report asserted that "Caviar diplomacy" report elaborated by ESI aimed to create climate of suspicion based on slander to form a network of MPs that would engage in a political war against Azerbaijan. [170] In the Second Chapter of the report called "The Armenian Connection: «Mr X», Nils MuiĆŸnieks, Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights" that was published on 18 April 2017 ESISC asserted that the network composed of European PMs, Armenian officials and some NGOs: Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, "Human Rights House Foundation", "Open Dialog", European Stability Initiative, and Helsinki Committee for Human Rights, was financed by the Soros Foundation. According to ESISC the key figure of the network since 2012 has been Nils MuiĆŸnieks, Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe and the network has served to the interests of George Soros and the Republic of Armenia. [171] "The report is written in the worst traditions of authoritarian propaganda, makes absurd claims, and is clearly aimed at deflecting the wave of criticism against cover-up of unethical lobbying and corruption in PACE and demands for change in the Assembly", said Freedom Files Analytical Centre. [169]
According Robert Coalson (Radio Free Europe), ESISC is a part of Baku's lobbying efforts to extend to the use of front think tanks to shift public opinion. [172]
European Stability Initiative said that "ESISC report is full of lies (such as claiming that German PACE member Strasser holds pro-Armenian views and citing as evidence that he went to Yerevan in 2015 to commemorate the Armenian genocide, when Strasser has never in his life been to independent Armenia)". [173]
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